Lueders Formation

The Lueders Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It is the top formation of the Albany Group and preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.^[1]

Helicoconchus elongatus, a microconchid from the Lueders Formation of Texas.

Lueders Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Permian
Exposure in Wilbarger County, Texas (1908).
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Albany Group
Sub-units	Lake Kemp Limestone Maybelle Limestone
Underlies	Clear Fork Group[1]
Overlies	Talpa Formation[1]
Thickness	50 to 70 feet[1]
Lithology
Primary	Interbedded shale & limestone[1]
Location
Region	Texas
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Lueders, Texas

Description

Paleogeography

At the time of deposition, a broad sea connected to the Panthalassic Ocean covered much of the central United States, including Texas. The Lueders Formation would have been located in the northern tropics or subtropics. Climatically, after the retreat of an early Artinskian glacial maximum, the deserts of the North American craton experienced fluctuation and growth during this time period, and the associated aridity decrease impacted seabed deposition in localities across the basin.^[2]

Depositional environment

The Lueders Formation represents a deltaic environment, with terrestrial sediments being deposited onto the muddy bottom of a shallow estuary by shifting freshwater streams. In the Maybelle Member, the dolomite likely represents marine deposits, preserving marine sharks and fish, whereas darker terrestrial sediments and freshwater shale deposits contain remains of land animals and freshwater fish respectively.^[3]

Fossil content

Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Crossotelos	C. annulatus	Maybelle Member.[4]	Multiple specimens.[4]	A nectridean.
Diplocaulus	D. magnicornis	Maybelle Member.[3]	Multiple specimens.[3]	A nectridean.
Eryops	E. megacephalus	Maybelle Member.[3]	Limb & skull elements.[3]	An eryopid.
Trimerorhachis	T. sp.	Maybelle Member.[3]	Limb & skull elements.[3]	A dvinosaur.

Fish

Acanthodians

Acanthodians reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Acanthodes	A. sp.	Maybelle Member.[3]	A fin spine.[3]	An acanthodiform, known from freshwater deposits.

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
"Acrolepis"		Maybelle Member.[3]	Scales.[3]	A palaeonisciform.
Gnathorhiza	G. serrata	Maybelle Member.[3][5]	Jaw elements & near-complete specimen.[3][5]	A lungfish from freshwater deposits.
Lawnia	L. cf. L. taylorensis	Maybelle Member.[3][6]	Remains of millions of individuals.[3]	A palaeonisciform originally reported as 'Lawnia-like', now thought to represent the genus itself.[6]
Luederia	L. kempi	Maybelle Member.[3][6]	A braincase & 2 large cleithra.[3][7]	A marine palaeonisciform.
?Platysomus	?P. palmaris	Maybelle Member.[3]	Partial bodies & numerous scales.[3]	A marine (?) palaeonisciform.
Sagenodus		Maybelle Member.[5]	Upper tooth plate (UCLA VP 431).[5]	A lungfish.
Schaefferichthys	S. leudersensis	Maybelle Member.[3]	Incomplete specimen (USNM 23109).[3][8]	A freshwater palaeonisciform.
?Spermatodus	?S. pustulosus	Maybelle Member.[3]	Multiple specimens.[3]	A coelacanth.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Acrodus	?A. olsoni		Teeth.[9]	A hybodont.
	?A. sweetlacruzensis		Teeth.[9]	A hybodont.
Barbclabornia	B. luedersensis		Numerous teeth.[10]	A giant freshwater xenacanth.
Ctenacanthus	C. cf. C. amblyxiphias	Maybelle Member.[3]	Fin spines.[3]	A ctenacanth found in the marine dolomite.
Janassa	J. sp.	Maybelle Member.[3]	Isolated teeth.[3]	A petalodont found in the marine dolomite.
Orthacanthus	O. platypternus		Teeth.[11]	A freshwater xenacanth.
	O. texensis		Teeth.[11]	A freshwater xenacanth.
Polyacrodus	P. wichitaensis		Teeth.[9]	A hybodont.
	P. zideki		Teeth.[9]	A hybodont.
Xenacanthus	?X. slaughteri		Teeth.[11]	A freshwater xenacanth.
	X. sp.	Maybelle Member.[3]	A tooth.[3]	A freshwater xenacanth.

Synapsids

Synapsids reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Dimetrodon	D. sp.	Maybelle Member.[3]	Neural spine & bone fragments.[3]	A sphenacodontid.

Invertebrates

Arthropods

Arthropods reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Ostracoda indet.	Indeterminate		WSU 1445.[2]	A fragmentary ostracod.
Panduralimulus	P. babcocki	Maybelle Member.[12]	Multiple specimens.[12]	A horseshoe crab.

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Myalinella	M. sp.		Valves (WSU 1407).[2]	A myalinid.
Pinnidae indet.	Indeterminate		Shell.[2]	An unknown pen shell.

Bryozoans

Bryozoans reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Bryozoa indet.	Indeterminate		WSU 1430.[2]	A fragmentary bryozoan.

Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Koninckioceras	K. bibbi		Internal mold.[13]	A nautiloid.
Metacoceras	M. sp.		Shell (WSU 1437).[2]	A nautiloid.
Michelinoceras	M. sp.		Phragmocone (WSU 1406).[2]	A orthocerid.
Millkoninckioceras	M. sp.		Shell (WSU 1442).[2]	A nautiloid.
Perrinitidae indet.	Indeterminate		3 specimens.[2]	An ammonite.
Stenopoceras	cf. S. whitei		Phragmocone.[2]	A nautiloid.

Echinoderms

Echinoderms reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Crinoidea indet.	Indeterminate		Columnal (WSU1405A).[2]	A fragmentary crinoid.

Plants

Plants reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Tinsleya	T. texana	Maybelle Member.[14]	Numerous specimens.[14]	A pteridosperm.
Zeilleropteris	Z. wattii		Leaves.[15]	A gigantopterid.

See also

• Earth sciences portal
• Texas portal
• Paleontology portal

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Texas
• Paleontology in Texas

References

1. "Geolex — Lueders publications". ngmdb.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
2. Shell, Ryan; Peterman, David; Ciampaglio, Charles; Armstrong, Adam; Laurene Fuelling (2020). "A fossil molluscan fauna from the lower Lueders Formation of north-central Texas". doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15600.81924. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
3. Dalquest, Walter W.; Kocurko, M. John (1986). "Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of a Lower Permian Delta Margin in Baylor County, Texas". The Southwestern Naturalist. 31 (4): 477–492. doi:10.2307/3671702. ISSN 0038-4909. JSTOR 3671702.
4. Carlson, Keith J. (1999). "Crossotelos, an Early Permian Nectridean Amphibian". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (4): 623–631. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524033.
5. Berman, David S. (1968). "Lungfish from the Lueders Formation (Lower Permian, Texas) and the Gnathorhiza-Lepidosirenid Ancestry Questioned". Journal of Paleontology. 42 (3): 827–835. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1302378.
6. Dalquest, Walter W.; Kocurko, M. John (1988). "Notes on Permian Fishes from Lake Kemp, Baylor County, Texas, with a Synopsis of Texas Palaeonisciform Fishes". The Southwestern Naturalist. 33 (3): 263–274. doi:10.2307/3671755. ISSN 0038-4909. JSTOR 3671755.
7. Schaeffer, Bobb; Dalquest, Walter Woelber (1978). "A palaeonisciform braincase from the Permian of Texas, with comments on cranial fissures and the posterior myodome". American Museum Novitates (2658). hdl:2246/5327.
8. Dalquest, Walter W. (1966). "An Unusual Paleonisciform Fish from the Permian of Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 40 (3): 759–762. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1301762.
9. Johnson, Gary D. (1981). "Hybodontoidei (Chondrichthyes) from the Wichita-Albany Group (Early Permian) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1 (1): 1–41. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4522833.
10. Johnson, Gary D. (2008-04-22). "Dentitions of Barbclabornia (new genus, Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from the Upper Palaeozoic of North America". Fossil Record. 6 (1): 125–146. doi:10.1002/mmng.20030060106.
11. Johnson, G. D. (1999). "Dentitions of Late Palaeozoic Orthacanthus species and new species of ?Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America". Acta Geologica Polonica. S2CID 128796206.
12. Allen, Joel G.; Feldmann, Rodney M. (2005). "Panduralimulus babcocki n. gen. and sp., a New Limulacean Horseshoe Crab from the Permian of Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (3): 594–600. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 4095027.
13. Miller, A. K.; Kemp, Augusta Hasslock (1947). "A Koninckioceras from the Lower Permian of North-Central Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 21 (4): 351–354. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1299305.
14. Mamay, Sergius H. (1966). "Tinsleya, a new genus of seed-bearing callipterid plants from the Permian of north-central Texas". Geological Survey Professional Paper: 1–15.
15. Mamay, S H; Mamay, S. H. (1986). "New species of Gigantopteridaceae from the lower Permian of Texas". Phytologia. 61: 311–315. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6538. ISSN 0031-9430.

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.