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The following is an alphabetical list of heya or training stables in professional sumo. All belong to one of five groups, called ichimon. These groups, led by the stable by which each group is named, are in order of size: Dewanoumi ichimon, Nishonoseki ichimon, Tokitsukaze ichimon, Takasago ichimon and Isegahama ichimon. Occasionally there have been independent stables, but the Japan Sumo Association agreed at a director's meeting in July 2018 that all sumo elders must belong to one of the five ichimon.[1] The founding dates listed below are for the current incarnation of each stable; in most cases this is not the first stable to exist under a given name, however.
The number of stables peaked at 54, with the opening of Onoe stable in August 2006. In order to limit the over-proliferation of stables, the Japan Sumo Association introduced new rules the following month that greatly raised the qualifications needed by former wrestlers wishing to branch out (namely, those ranked below yokozuna or ōzeki must have spent at least 60 tournaments in the top makuuchi division or 25 in the titled san'yaku ranks). Discounting the temporary closure of Kise stable from 2010-2012, over six years no new stables established while eleven folded, bringing the number of stables to 43. The streak of closures ended with the opening of former yokozuna Musashimaru's Musashigawa stable in April 2013, hence the opening and closing of stables has stabilized. There are 44 stables, all of which are located in the Greater Tokyo Region, especially in Tokyo's Ryogoku district.
The governing body of professional sumo is the Japan Sumo Association. Six tournaments are held every year: three in Tokyo (January, May and September) and one each in Osaka (March), Nagoya (July) and Fukuoka (November). Each tournament lasts 15 days during which wrestlers compete in one bout per day. All sumo wrestlers are classified in a ranking hierarchy (banzuke), which is updated after each tournament based on the wrestlers' performance. Wrestlers with more wins than losses go up while those with negative records are demoted. The top division is Makuuchi and the second division is Juryo. At the pinnacle of sumo hierarchy is yokozuna.
Due to a Japanese speech phenomenon known as rendaku, when the word for stable, heya, comes second in a compound word, the "h" in heya changes to "b" to become beya. A sumo stable is pronounced in Japanese as "sumo-beya" and Arashio stable, as an example, is pronounced "Arashio-beya".
There are 46 stables as of May 2024.
Name | Ichimon | Year opened | Notable active wrestlers | Notable past wrestlers | Other notable information |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ajigawa | Isegahama | 2022 | head is former Aminishiki, branched off from Isegahama stable | ||
Arashio | Tokitsukaze | 2002 | Daiseizan , Kōtokuzan, Wakatakakage, Wakamotoharu | Sōkokurai | head is former Sōkokurai, made headlines when it welcomed back exonerated Sōkokurai in 2013 |
Asahiyama | Isegahama | 2016 | head is former Kotonishiki, branched off from Oguruma stable | ||
Asakayama | Isegahama | 2014 | Kaishō | head is former Kaiō, branched off from Tomozuna stable | |
Dewanoumi | Dewanoumi | 1862 (c.) | Mitakeumi | Chiyonoyama, Mainoumi, Mienoumi, Tochigiyama | head is former Oginohana, demotion of its last sekitori left the stable without any sekitori for the first time since 1898 |
Fujishima | Dewanoumi | 1981 | Bushozan, Fujiseiun | Shōtenrō, Dejima, Miyabiyama, Musashimaru, Musōyama, Wakanoyama | head is former Musōyama, was the strongest stable in early 2000s, name was changed from its previous incarnation as Musashigawa |
Futagoyama | Dewanoumi | 2018 | Nabatame , Rōga | Head is former Miyabiyama, branched off from Fujishima stable | |
Hakkaku | Takasago | 1993 | Hokutōfuji, Kitanowaka | Hokutōriki, Kaihō, Ōiwato , Okinoumi | head is former Hokutoumi, branched off from Kokonoe stable |
Hanaregoma | Nishonoseki | 1990 | Ichiyamamoto, Shimazuumi | Shōhōzan | head is former Tamanoshima, branched off from Futagoyama stable |
Ikazuchi | Dewanoumi | 1993 | Shishi | Masatsukasa, Yōtsukasa, Sagatsukasa | head is former Kakizoe, who inherited the stable from former Tochitsukasa who branched off from Kasugano stable |
Isegahama | Isegahama | 1979 | Atamifuji, Nishikifuji, Midorifuji, Takarafuji, Takerufuji, Terunofuji, Terutsuyoshi | Aminishiki, Asōfuji, Harumafuji, Homarefuji, Kasugafuji | head is former Asahifuji, until 2018 one of the most well represented stables in the upper divisions, renamed from its original incarnation as Ajigawa stable |
Isenoumi | Tokitsukaze | 1949 | Nishikigi | Hattori, Ikioi, Kashiwado, Tosanoumi | head is former Kitakachidoki, the Isenoumi name has one of the longest traditions in sumo |
Kasugano | Dewanoumi | 1925 | Aoiyama, Tochimaru , Tochimusashi ,Tochitaikai | Tochinishiki, Tochinoshin, Tochinoumi, Tochihikari, Tochinowaka, Tochiōzan | head is former Tochinowaka, active since the Meiji era, currently one of the most successful stables |
Kataonami | Nishonoseki | 1961 | Tamashōhō, Tamawashi | Tamaasuka, Tamakiyama, Tamaryū | head is former Tamakasuga, branched off from Nishonoseki stable |
Kise | Dewanoumi | 2003 | Churanoumi, Daiseidō , Shiden , Hidenoumi, Kinbozan, Shimanoumi, Ura | Akiseyama, Gagamaru, Higonojō , Jōkōryū, Kiyoseumi, Kizenryu , Kizakiumi , Tokushinho,Tokushōryū | head is former Higonoumi, was dissolved over a ticket selling scandal, then allowed to reform two years later, well represented in two top divisions |
Kokonoe | Takasago | 1967 | Chiyomaru, Chiyonoō , Chiyonoumi , Chiyosakae , Chiyoshōma | Chiyonofuji, Chiyonokuni, Chiyoōtori, Chiyotaikai, Chiyotairyū, Chiyotenzan, Hokutoumi, Kitanofuji, Kitaseumi, Takanofuji | head is former Chiyotaikai, as of March 2018 five of its 17 wrestlers were sekitori |
Minato | Nishonoseki | 1982 | Ichinojō | head is former Minatofuji, who is the only top division wrestler the stable had ever produced until Ichinojō in 2014. | |
Miyagino[lower-alpha 1] | Isegahama | 1960 | Enhō, Hakuōhō, Kihō, Tenshōhō | Hakuhō, Myōbudani, Mutsuarashi, Kōbō, Ryūō, Ishiura, Hokuseihō, Daikiho | head is former Hakuhō, has had a convoluted series of successions |
Musashigawa | Dewanoumi | 2013 | Wakaichirō | head is former Musashimaru, who is only the second foreign born wrestler to open his own stable | |
Naruto | Nishonoseki | 2017 | Ōshōma, Ōshōumi | head is former Kotoōshū, branched off from Sadogatake stable | |
Nakamura | Nishonoseki | 2024 | Kayo , Tomokaze | head is former Yoshikaze, branched off from Nishonoseki stable [2] | |
Nishiiwa | Nishonoseki | 2018 | head is former Wakanosato, branched off from Tagonoura stable | ||
Nishikido | Takasago | 2002 | Mitoryū | Gokushindo | head is former Mitoizumi, was home to the only Kazakh wrestler |
Nishonoseki | Nishonoseki | 2021 | Ōnosato, Shirokuma | founder and head is the former Kisenosato, the 72nd yokozuna; branched off from Tagonoura stable | |
Oitekaze | Tokitsukaze | 1998 | Daiamami, Daieishō, Daishoho, Daishōmaru, Endō, Hitoshi , Tobizaru, Tsurugishō | Hayateumi, Kokkai, Hamanishiki | head is former Daishōyama who branched off from Tatsunami stable |
Onoe | Dewanoumi | 2006 | Baruto, Satoyama, Tenkaihō, Yamamotoyama | head is former Hamanoshima, branched off from Mihogaseki stable, lost three sekitori wrestlers due to match fixing scandal in 2011 | |
Ōnomatsu | Nishonoseki | 1994 | Ōnokatsu , Ōnoshō, Yuma | Daidō, Katayama, Wakakōyū, Amūru, Keitenkai | head is former Daidō, forced out of Nishonoseki ichimon and joined Takanohana ichimon in 2010 |
Ōshima | Isegahama | 1941 | Kyokutaisei | Kyokushūhō, Asahishō, Kaiō, Kyokutenhō, Kyokudōzan, Kyokushūzan, Sentoryū, Tachiyama, Kaisei | head is former Kyokutenhō, incarnations have a long and prestigious history, absorbed a number of strong wrestlers in 2012 from a previous, now defunct Ōshima stable |
Oshiogawa | Nishonoseki | 2022 | Amakaze, Kazekenō , Yago | head is former Takekaze, branched from Oguruma stable upon its closure | |
Ōtake | Nishonoseki | 1971 | Ōhō | Ōzutsu, Rohō, Ōsunaarashi | head is former Dairyū, the previous head (former Takatōriki) was forced out in a gambling scandal |
Otowayama | Tokitsukaze | 2023 | Kirishima II | founder and head is the former Kakuryū, the 71st yokozuna; branched off from Michinoku stable | |
Sadogatake | Nishonoseki | 1955 | Kotoeko, Kotozakura, Kotoshōhō, Kotoyusho | Hasegawa, Kotokaze, Kotomitsuki, Kotonishiki, Kotoshōgiku, Kotoōshū, Kotozakura, Kotoyūki | head is former Kotonowaka, has produced many wrestlers in makuuchi and san'yaku over the years |
Sakaigawa | Dewanoumi | 1998 | Myōgiryū, Sadanoumi, Hiradoumi, Tsushimanada | Gōeidō, Iwakiyama, Hochiyama, Sadanofuji, Toyohibiki | head is former Ryōgoku, has produced many sekitori |
Shibatayama | Nishonoseki | 1999 | Daishōchi, Daiyubu , Sakigake , Wakanoshima | head is former Ōnokuni, in 2013 absorbed its parent stable (Hanaregoma), its only home-grown sekitori quit under acrimonious circumstances | |
Shikihide | Dewanoumi | 1992 | Sensho | head is former Kitazakura, took almost 20 years to produce a sekitori in 2012 | |
Shikoroyama | Nishonoseki | 2004 | Abi, Oki | Hōmashō, Seirō, Irodori | head is former Homasho, stable founded by former Terao |
Tagonoura | Nishonoseki | 1989 | Takayasu | Kisenosato, Rikiō, Takanowaka, Takanoyama, Wakanosato | head is former Takanotsuru, founded by yokozuna Takanosato but renamed from Naruto and moved to Ryōgoku following his death |
Takadagawa | Nishonoseki | 1974 | Dairaidō , Kagayaki, Ryūden, Hakuyozan , Shōnannoumi | Kenkō, Maenoshin, Shobushi | head is former Akinoshima, stable was ousted from Takasago ichimon in 1998, finally accepted into Nishonoseki ichimon in 2013 |
Takasago | Takasago | 1878 | Asabenkei, Asanoyama, Asagyokusei, Asakōryū, Asanowaka , Asashiyu | Asashio, Asashōryū, Azumafuji, Konishiki, Maedayama, Takamiyama | head is former Asasekiryū, the second oldest and arguably one of the most successful stables throughout its history |
Takekuma | Dewanoumi | 2022 | Gōnoyama | head is former Gōeidō, branched off from Sakaigawa stable | |
Tamanoi | Dewanoumi | 1990 | Fujiazuma, Tōhakuryū, Yoshiazuma | Azumaryū, Ryūkō | head is former Tochiazuma Daisuke, passed onto him by his father, the stable's founder Tochiazuma Tomoyori |
Tatsunami | Dewanoumi | 1916 | Akua, Hōshōryū, Kiryūkō , Meisei | Annenyama, Futabayama, Futahaguro, Haguroyama, Hanakaze, Mōkonami | head is former Asahiyutaka, one of the most prestigious stables in sumo but declined by the 1980s |
Tokitsukaze | Tokitsukaze | 1941 | Shōdai, Tokihayate | Yutakayama, Kitabayama, Kurama, Ōshio, Tokitenkū, Aogiyama, Toyonoshima | founded by Futabayama, head is former Tosayutaka who took over when previous head (former Tokitsuumi) was expelled for failure to follow COVID-19 protocols |
Tokiwayama | Nishonoseki | 2004 | Takanoshō, Takakeishō, Takakento | Masunoyama, Takagenji, Takanofuji, Takanoiwa | head is former Takamisugi, branched off from Kasugano stable |
Yamahibiki | Dewanoumi | 1985 | Kitaharima, Nionoumi | Hakurozan, Kitazakura, Kitataiki, Ōrora | head is former Ganyū who inherited it on the death of founder Kitanoumi, who branched off from Mihogaseki |
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