This is a list of state leaders in the 9th century (801–900) AD.
Africa: Northeast
- Mikhael, King (c.785/794–804/813)
- Ioannes, King (early–mid 9th century)
- Zakharias III, King (mid 9th century)
- Georgios I, King (late 9th–early 10th century)
Africa: Northcentral
- ʿAbdu l-Wahhab ibn Abd ar-Rahman, Imam (788–824)
- Aflah ibn ʿAbdi l-Wahhab, Imam (824–872)
- Abu Bakr ibn Aflah, Imam (872–874)
- Muhammad Abu l-Yaqzan ibn Aflah, Imam (874–894)
- Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (894–895, 899–906)
- Yaʿqub ibn Aflah, Imam (895–899)
Africa: Northwest
- Ilyâs ibn Sâlih, King (792–842)[2]
- Yunus ibn Ilyas, King (c.842–888)
- Abu Ghafir Muhammad, King (c.888–917)
- Sa'id I ibn Idris, Emir (760–803)
- Salih II ibn Sa'id, Emir (803–864)
- Sa'id II ibn Salih, Emir (864–916)
Americas: Mesoamerica
Maya civilization
Asia: Central
Tibet
Uzbekistan
Asia: East
Turks
- Ai tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp qutlugh ulugh bilge, Khagan (795–808)
- Ai tengride qut bulmïsh külüg bilge, Khagan (808–821)
- Kün tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp küchlüg bilge, Khagan (821–824)
- Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp bilge, Khagan (824–832)
- Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp külüg bilge, Khagan (832–839)
- Kürebir, Khagan (839–840)
- Öge, Khagan (841–847)
China
- Dezong, Emperor (780–805)
- Shunzong, Emperor (805)
- Xianzong, Emperor (806–820)
- Muzong, Emperor (821–824)
- Jingzong, Emperor (824–826)
- Wenzong, Emperor (826–840)
- Wuzong, Emperor (840–846)
- Xuānzong, Emperor (846–859)
- Yizong, Emperor (859–873)
- Xizong, Emperor (873–888)
- Zhaozong, Emperor (888–904)
Japan
- Kanmu, Emperor (781–806)
- Heizei, Emperor (806–809)
- Saga, Emperor (809–823)
- Junna, Emperor (823–833)
- Ninmyō, Emperor (833–850)
- Montoku, Emperor (850–858)
- Seiwa, Emperor (858–876)
- Yōzei, Emperor (876–884)
- Kōkō, Emperor (884–887)
- Uda, Emperor (887–897)
- Daigo, Emperor (897–930)
Korea: North–South States Period
- Aejang, King (800–809)
- Heondeok, King (809–826)
- Heungdeok, King (826–836)
- Huigang, King (836–838)
- Minae, King (838–839)
- Sinmu, King (839)
- Munseong, King (839–857)
- Heonan, King (857–861)
- Gyeongmun, King (861–875)
- Heongang, King (875–886)
- Jeonggang, King (886–887)
- Jinseong, King (887–897)
- Hyogong, King (897–912)
Asia: Southeast
Indonesia: Java
- Pucukbumi Darmeswara, Maharaja (795–819)
- Prabu Gajah Kulon Rakeyan Wuwus, Maharaja (819–891)
- Prabu Darmaraksa, Maharaja (891–895)
- Windusakti Prabu Dewageng, Maharaja (895–913)
Malaysia: Peninsular
- Maha Jiwa, Maharaja (c.788–832)
- Karma II, Maharaja (c.832–880)
- Darma Raja II, Maharaja (c.880–956)[citation needed]
Thailand
- Lao Gab, King (8th–9th century)
Vietnam
- Indravarman I, King (c.787–c.803)
Asia: South
Afghanistan
- Pati Dumi, King (?–815)
- Lagaturman, King (815–c.850)
Bengal and Northeast India
- Vanaraja Chavda, King (c.765–780)
- Yogaraja, King (c.806–841)
- Ratnaditya, King (c.842–845)
- Vairisimha, King (c.845–856)
- Kshemaraja, King (c.856–880)
- Chamunda or Bhuyada, King (c.881–908)
- Salambha, King (795–815)
- Harjjaravarman, King (815–832)
- Vanamalavarman, King (832–855)
- Jayamala, King (855–860)
- Balavarman III, King (860–880)
- Tyagasimha, King (890–900)
India
- Anantavarman III, King (c.808–812)
- Rajendravarman II, King (c.812–840)
- Devendravarman IV, King (893–?)
- Devendravarman V, King (c.885–895)
- Gunamaharnava I, King (c.895–939)
- Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I), King (c.895–939)
- Lakshmanaraja I, King (825–850)
- Kokalla I, King (850–890)
- Shankaragana II, King (890–910)[5]
- Basantana Dev, King (850–870)
- Kharpar Dev, King (870–880)
- Abhiraj Dev, King (880–890)
- Tribhuvanraj Dev, King (890–900)
- Nimbarta Dev, King (900–915)
- Nandivarman III, King (mid 9th century)[6]
- Nirupathungan, King (late 9th century, only in Aiyangar chronology)
- Aparajitavarman, King (882/879–897)[6]
- The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers.
- Upendra, King (c.800–c.818)
- Vairisimha I, King (9th century)
- Siyaka I, King (9th century)
- Vakpati I, King (9th–10th century)
- Bhathabhatt, Rajput (790–813)
- Rawal singh, Rajput (813–820)
- Khumman II, Rajput (820–853)
- Mahayak, Rajput (853–878)
Sri Lanka
Asia: West
Mesopotamia
- Harun al-Rashid, Caliph (786–809)
- al-Amin, Caliph (809–813)
- al-Ma'mun, Caliph (813–833)
- al-Mu'tasim, Caliph (833–842)
- al-Wathiq, Caliph (842–847)
- al-Mutawakkil, Caliph (847–861)
- al-Muntasir, Caliph (861–862)
- al-Musta'in, Caliph (862–866)
- al-Mu'tazz, Caliph (866–869)
- al-Muhtadi, Caliph (869–870)
- al-Mu'tamid, Caliph (870–892)
- al-Mu'tadid, Caliph (892–902)
Persia
Yemen
Europe: Balkans
- Irene, Regent (780–790, 792–797), Empress (797–802)
- Nikephoros I, Emperor (802–811)
- Staurakios, Co-Emperor (802–811), Emperor (811)
- Michael I Rangabe, Emperor (811–813)
- Theophylact, Co-Emperor (811–813)
- Leo V the Armenian, Emperor (813–820)
- Constantine (Symbatios), Junior Emperor (813–820)
- Michael II the Amorian, Emperor (820–829)
- Theophilos, Emperor (829–842)
- Michael III, Emperor (842–867)
- Basil I the Macedonian, Emperor (867–886)
- Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)
- Višeslav, Duke (c.785–c.802)
- Borna, Duke (c.810–821)
- Vladislav, Duke (821–c.823)
- Ljudemisl, Duke (c.823–c.835)
- Mislav, Duke (c.835–c.845)
- Trpimir I, Duke (845–864)
- Domagoj, Duke (864–876)
- Iljko, Duke (876–878)
- Zdeslav, Duke (878–879)
- Muncimir, Duke (892–910)
Europe: British Isles
Great Britain: Scotland
- Kenneth MacAlpin, King (843–858)
- Domnall mac Ailpí, or Donald I, King (858–862)
- Causantín mac Cináeda, or Constantine I (II), King (862–877)
- Áed mac Cináeda, King (877–878)
- Giric, King (878–889)
- Eochaid, disputed King (c.878–889)
- Donald II, King (889–900)
- Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
- Cynan, King (798–816)
- Dumnagual IV, King (816–?)
- Constantine, King (? 859)
- Neithon, King (859–?)
- Artgal, King (?–872)
- Run, King (872–878)
- Eochaid, King (uncertain)
- Donald I, King (889–900)
- Donald II, King (889–900)
- Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
Great Britain: Northumbria
Great Britain: England
- Cœnwulf, King (?–821), also King of Kent and of Mercia
- Ceolwulf, King (821–823), also King of Kent and of Mercia
- Beornwulf, King (823–826), also King of Mercia
- Æthelstan, King post-827–840s)
- Æthelweard, King (840s–854)
- Edmund the Martyr, King (855–869)
- Oswald, Sub-King (870s)
- Æthelred II, Sub-King (870s)
- Guthrum, King (879–890)
- Eohric, King (890–902)
-
- King (798–812)
- Duke (812–825)
- Coenwulf, King (796–821), also King of Kent and of East Anglia
- Ceolwulf I, King (821–823), also King of Kent and of East Anglia
- Beornwulf, King (823–826), also King of East Anglia
- Ludeca, King (826–827)
- Wiglaf, King (827–829, 830–839)
- Ecgberht, King (829–830)
- Wigmund, King (c.840)
- Ælfflæd, Regent (c.840)
- Beorhtwulf, King (840–852)
- Burgred, King (852–874)
- Ceolwulf II, King (874–c.879)
- Æthelred II, Lord (c.881–911)
Great Britain: Wales
Ireland
- Cu Masach mac Cathal, King (?–825)
- Gofraidh mac Fearghus, King (fl.835)
- Foghartaigh mac Mael Breasal, King (?–850/852)
- Congalach mac Finnachta, King (?–874)
- Mael Padraig mac Mael Curarada, King (?–882)
- Maol Craoibh ua Duibh Sionach, King (?–917)
- Muircheartach mac Donnghal, King (c.800–806)
- Mael Dúin mac Échtgal, King (?–822)
- Ceallach son of Cearnach, King (?)
- Tighearnán mac Seallachan, King (c.888)
- Ruarc mac Tighearnáin, Lord (c.893)
- Amlaíb Conung, King (c.853–871)
- Ímar, King (c.857–873)
- Auisle, King (c.863–867)
- Oistin mac Amlaíb, possibly king (873–875)
- Halfdan Ragnarsson, disputed king (875–877)
- Bárid mac Ímair, King (873–881)
- Sichfrith mac Ímair, King (?–888)
- Sitriuc mac Ímair, King (?–896)
- Sichfrith Jarl, disputed king (893–?)
- Glúniarann, King (c.895)
- Ímar ua Ímair, King (?–904)
- Fínsnechta Cethardec, King (795–808)
- Muiredach mac Brain (died 818), King (808–818)
- Muiredach mac Ruadrach, King (818–829)
- Cellach mac Brain, King (829–834)
- Bran mac Fáeláin, King (834–838)
- Túathal mac Máele-Brigte, King (851–854)
- Ruarc mac Brain, King (854–862)
- Muirecán mac Diarmata, King (862–863)
- Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig, King (863–869)
- Ailill mac Dúnlainge (died 871), King (869–871)
- Domnall mac Muirecáin, King (871–884)
- Muiredach mac Brain, King (884–885)
- Cerball mac Muirecáin, King (885–909)
- Muiredach mac Domnaill Midi, King (799–802)
- Diarmait mac Donnchado, King (802–803)
- Conchobar mac Donnchado, King (803–833)
- Niall mac Diarmato, King (?–826)
- Máel Ruanaid mac Donnchada Midi, King (833–843)
- Fland mac Maele Ruanaid, King (843–845)
- Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, King (845–862)
- Lorcán mac Cathail, King (862–864)
- Conchobar mac Donnchado, King (?–864)
- Donnchad mac Aedacain, King (864–877)
- Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill, King (877–916)
- Eochaid mac Fiachnai, King (790–810)
- Cairell mac Fiachnai, King (810–819)
- Máel Bressail mac Ailillo, King (819–825)
- Muiredach mac Eochada, King (825–839)
- Matudán mac Muiredaig, King (839–857)
- Lethlobar mac Loingsig, King (857–873)
- Cathalán mac Indrechtaig, King (857–871)
- Ainbíth mac Áedo, King (873–882)
- Eochocán mac Áedo, King (882–883)
- Airemón mac Áedo, King (882–886)
- Fiachnae mac Ainbítha, King (886–886)
- Bécc mac Airemóin, King (886–893)
- Muiredach mac Eochocáin, King (893–895)
- Máel Mocheirge mac Indrechtaig, King (893–896)
- Aitíth mac Laigni, King (896–898)
- Cenn Etig mac Lethlobair, King (896–900)
- Áed mac Eochocáin, King (898–919)
Europe: Central
- Gundachar, Margrave (858–863), Prefect (863–869)
- Henry, Margrave (882–892)
- Álmos, Grand Prince (c.850–c.895)
- Árpád, Grand Prince (c.895–c.907)
- Richholf, Prince-archbishop (787–813)
- Adolf, Prince-archbishop (813–826)
- Odgar, Prince-archbishop (826–847)
- Rabanus Maurus, Prince-archbishop (848–856)
- Karl, Prince-archbishop (856–863)
- Ludbert, Prince-archbishop (863–889)
- Sunderhold, Prince-archbishop (889–891)
- Hatto I, Prince-archbishop (891–913)
- Thrasco, Prince (?–c.800)
- Slavomir, Prince (pre-810–819)
- Ceadrag, Prince (819–post-826)
- Selibur, Prince (9th century?)
- Goddank, Prince-bishop (881–895/898)
- Einhard, Prince-bishop (895/898–913)
- Hugo, Graf, Count (866–869)
- Liutfrid, Count (876–902)
- Radbod, Prince-bishop (898–915)
- Gunzo, Prince-bishop (859–872)
- Adelhelm, Prince-bishop (873–890)
- Dietlach, Prince-bishop (890–914)
Europe: East
- Tuqyi, ruler (765–815)
- Aidar, ruler (815–865)
- Şilki, Iltäbär (865–882)
- Batyr Mö'min, ruler (882–895)
- Almış, Emir (895–925)
- Ashina dynasty: Khazar Khagans
- Bulanid dynasty
Europe: Southcentral
Holy Roman Empire in Italy
- Integrum: Simultaneous claimants
-
- Grimoald III, Prince (787–806)
- Grimoald IV, Prince (806–817)
- Sico I, Prince (817–832)
- Sicard, Prince (832–839)
- Radelchis I, Prince (839–851)
- Radelgar, Prince (851–854)
- Adelchis, Prince (854–878)
- Waifer, Prince (878–881)
- Radelchis II, Prince (881–884, 897–900)
- Aiulf II, Prince (884–890)
- Orso, Prince (890–891)
- Guy, Prince (895–897)
- Peter of Benevento, Regent (897)
- Radelchis II, Prince (881–884, 897–900)
- Atenulf I, Prince (900–910)
- Leo III, Pope (795–816)
- Stephen IV, Pope (816–817)
- Paschal I, Pope (817–824)
- Eugene II, Pope (824–827)
- Valentine, Pope (827)
- Gregory IV, Pope (827–844)
- Sergius II, Pope (844–847)
- Leo IV, Pope (847–855)
- Benedict III, Pope (855–858)
- Nicholas I, Pope (858–867)
- Adrian II, Pope (867–872)
- John VIII, Pope (872–882)
- Marinus I, Pope (882–884)
- Adrian III, Pope (884–885)
- Stephen V, Pope (885–891)
- Formosus, Pope (891–896)
- Boniface VI, Pope (896)
- Stephen VI, Pope (896–897)
- Romanus, Pope (897)
- Theodore II, Pope (897)
- John IX, Pope (898–900)
- Benedict IV, Pope (900–903)
- Winiges, Duke (789–822)
- Suppo I, Duke (822–824)
- Adelard, Duke (824)
- Mauring, Duke (824)
- Adelchis I, Duke (824–834)
- Lambert of Nantes, Duke (834–836)
- Berengar, Duke (836–841)
- Guy I, Duke (842–859)
- Lambert I, Duke (859–871)
- Suppo II, Duke (871–876)
- Lambert I, Duke (876–880)
- Guy II, Duke (880–883)
- Guy III, Duke (883–894)
- Lambert II, Duke (894–898)
- Guy IV, Duke (895–898)
- Alberic I, Duke (898–922)
- Pietro I Candiano, Doge (887–888)
- Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)
- Giovanni Galbaio, Doge (787–804)
- Obelerio Antenoreo, Doge (804–811)
- Agnello Participazio, Doge (811–827)
- Giustiniano Participazio, Doge (827–829)
- Giovanni I Participazio, Doge (829–837)
- Pietro Tradonico, Doge (837–864)
- Orso I Participazio, Doge (864–881)
- Giovanni II Participazio, Doge (881–887)
- Pietro I Candiano, Doge (887–888)
- Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)
Europe: Southwest
Iberian Peninsula
Marca Hispanica
Europe: West
Franks
Middle Francia
West Francia
-
- Odalric, Count (c.850s)
- Altmar, Count (c.890s)
- Adelelm, Count (?–932)
- Renaud, Count (795–843)
- Bernard I [fr], Count (814–828)
- Bernard II, Count (840–844)
- Emenon, Count (828–839)
- Ranulph I, Count (839–866)
- Ranulph II, Count (866–890)[13]
- Robert I, Count (866–923)
- Aymar, Count (892–902)
- Ebalus, Count (890–893, 902–935)[13]
- William of Gellone, Count (790–806)
- Beggo, Count (806–816)
- Berengar, Count (816–835)
- Bernard of Septimania, Count (835–842)
- Acfred, Count (842–843)
- William of Septimania, Count (844–849)
- Fredelon, Count (844–852)
- Raymond I, Count (852–863)
- Humfrid, Count (863–865)
- Sunyer, Count (863–865)
- Bernard II, Count (865–877)
- Bernard III Plantapilosa, Count (877–886)
- Odo, Count (886–918)
- William II of Aquitaine, Count (858–862, 918–926)
- Stephen, Count (862–863)
- Bernard Plantapilosa, Count (864–886)
- William I of Aquitaine, Count (886–918)
Eurasia: Caucasus
- Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani, Emir (799–801)
- Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (801–802)
- Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (802–803)
- Khuzayma ibn Khazim, Emir (803–?)
- Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani, Emir (c. 810)
- Ishaq ibn Sulayman, Emir (c. 813)
- Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (813–?)
- Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (828–832)
- Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (841)
- Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad, Emir (c. 842–844)
- Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani, Emir (c. 842/844–?)
- Abu Sa'id Muhammad al-Marwazi, Emir (849–851)
- Yusuf ibn Abi Sa'id al-Marwazi, Emir (851–852)
- Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani, Emir (857–862)
- Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani, Emir (862–863)
- Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, Emir (870–878)
- Sahl Smbatean, Prince (815–840)
- Adarnase I, Prince (840–865)
- Hama I, Prince (865–893)
- Adarnase II, King (897–943)
Easter Island
- Ouaraa, King (c.800)
- Koroharua, King (?)
- Mahuta Ariiki, King (?)
- Atua Ure Rangi, King (?)
- Atuamata, King (?)
- Uremata, King (?)
This is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4. Ó Corráin (1998) pp. 36–37
Bryce, James The Holy Roman Empire (1913), pg. xxxv
Monarchs, Counts, Dynasties And Kingdoms Of The World, by R F Tapsell, 1983, Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY, page 211.