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Georgia's Ordinance of Secession was adopted at the Georgia Secession Convention of 1861. It was put to the vote on January 19, 1861; concluding at 2:00 p.m. (the vote was 208 in favor of immediate secession with 89 opposed). Prior to signing the ordinance, Eugenius A. Nisbet tabled a motion suggesting that the ordinance should be signed by all of the convention's delegates, irrespective of their vote – as a pledge of support and to signal a unified purpose. Nisbet's motion passed, and at 12 o'clock M., Convention President, George W. Crawford, announced that the hour had arrived for signing the Ordinance of Secession.
| Ordinance of Secession | |
|---|---|
 Facsimile of the 1861 Ordinance of Secession signed by 293 delegates to the Georgia Secession Convention at the statehouse in Milledgeville, Georgia January 21, 1861 | |
| Created | c. January 20, 1861 |
| Ratified | Put to the vote on January 19, 1861 – 208 yeas 89 nays; signed on January 21, 1861, by 293 delegates; enacted January 22, 1861 |
| Location | Engrossed copy: University of Georgia Libraries, Hargrett Library |
| Author(s) | George W. Crawford et al. Engrosser: H. J. G. Williams |
| Signatories | 293 delegates to The Georgia Secession Convention of 1861 |
| Purpose | To announce Georgia's formal intent to secede from the Union. |
Crawford signed the ordinance; becoming its first signatory, and then he instructed Secretary Lamar to "call the delegates forward, by county, to sign the ordinance." Some delegates withheld signing; with six delegates insisting that a protest be incorporated into the ordinance. The list below shows the delegate's name, (as it was recorded on the convention's roster), the county which they represent, whether they had signed the ordinance or not, and how they had voted when the ordinance passed.[1]
George Walker Crawford | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of George W. Crawford, elected Permanent President of the Georgia Secession Convention; leading the delegation as the first to sign Georgia's Ordinance of Secession. | |
Robert Toombs | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Robert Toombs, elected a delegate at-large to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Howell Cobb | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Howell Cobb, elected a delegate at-large to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Francis S. Bartow | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Francis S. Bartow, elected a delegate from district 1 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861—Bartow died July 21, 1861, at First Battle of Manassas. | |
Martin J. Crawford | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Martin J. Crawford, elected a delegate from district 2 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Eugenius A. Nisbet | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Eugenius A. Nisbet, elected a delegate from district 3 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Benjamin Harvey Hill | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Benjamin H. Hill, elected a delegate from district 4 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Augustus Romaldus Wright | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Augustus R. Wright, elected a delegate from district 5 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, elected a delegate from district 6 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861-T.R.R. Cobb died at the Battle of Fredericksburg December 13, 1862. | |
Augustus H. Kenan | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Augustus H. Kenan, elected a delegate from district 7 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
Alexander H. Stephens | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Alexander H. Stephens, elected a delegate from district 8 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861. | |
| Delegate | County | Sign | Vote |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seaborn Hall | Appling County | Yes | Yes |
| J. H. Latimer | Appling County | Yes | Yes |
| W. R. Bell | Banks County | Yes | No |
| S. W. Pruett | Banks County | Yes | Yes |
| A. H. Colquitt | Baker County | Yes | Yes |
| C. D. Hammond | Baker County | Yes | Yes |
| A. H. Kenan | Baldwin County | Yes | No |
| L. H. Briscoe | Baldwin County | Yes | Yes |
| W. J. Mabry | Berrien County | Yes | Yes |
| J. C. Lamb | Berrien County | Yes | Yes |
| Washington Poe | Bibb County | Yes | Yes |
| John B. Lamar | Bibb County | Yes | Yes |
| E. A. Nisbet | Bibb County | Yes | Yes |
| C. S. Gaulden | Brooks County | Yes | Yes |
| Henry Briggs | Brooks County | Yes | Yes |
| C. C. Slater | Bryan County | Yes | Yes |
| J. P. Hines | Bryan County | Yes | Yes |
| S. L. Moore | Bulloch County | Yes | Yes |
| Samuel Harville | Bulloch County | Yes | Yes |
| E. A. Allen | Burke County | Yes | Yes |
| E. B. Gresham | Burke County | Yes | Yes |
| W. B. Jones | Burke County | Yes | Yes |
| D. J. Bailey | Butts County | Yes | Yes |
| Henry Hendricks | Butts County | Yes | Yes |
| N. J. Patterson | Camden County | Yes | Yes |
| F. M. Adams | Camden County | Yes | Yes |
| J. M. Cantrell | Campbell County | Yes | Yes |
| T. C. Glover | Campbell County | Yes | Yes |
| W. G. Sheffield | Calhoun County | Yes | Yes |
| E. Padgett | Calhoun County | Yes | Yes |
| B. W. Wright | Carroll County | Yes | Yes |
| B. W. Hargrave | Carroll County | Yes | Yes |
| Allen Rowe | Carroll County | Yes | Yes |
| W. T. Wofford | Cass County | Yes | No |
| H. F. Price | Cass County | Yes | No |
| T. H. Trippe | Cass County | Yes | No |
| Presley Yates | Catoosa County | No | No |
| J. T. McConnell | Catoosa County | Yes | Yes |
| F. M. Smith | Charlton County | Yes | No |
| H. M. Mershon | Charlton County | Yes | Yes |
| F. S. Bartow | Chatham County | Yes | Yes |
| A. S. Jones | Chatham County | Yes | Yes |
| John W. Anderson | Chatham County | Yes | Yes |
| A. H. Flewellen | Chattahoochee County | Yes | Yes |
| William Davis | Chattahoochee County | Yes | Yes |
| Wesley Shropshire | Chattooga County | Yes | No |
| L. Williams | Chattooga County | Yes | No |
| W. A. Teasley | Cherokee County | Yes | Yes |
| E. E. Fields | Cherokee County | Yes | Yes |
| John McConnell | Cherokee County | Yes | Yes |
| T.R.R. Cobb | Clarke County | Yes | Yes |
| Asbury Hull | Clarke County | Yes | Yes |
| Jefferson Jennings | Clarke County | Yes | Yes |
| R. E. Morrow | Clayton County | Yes | No |
| James F. Johnston | Clayton County | Yes | Yes |
| W. H. C. Davenport | Clay County | Yes | Yes |
| B. F. Burnett | Clay County | Yes | Yes |
| Benjamin Sermons | Clinch County | Yes | Yes |
| F. G. Ramsey | Clinch County | Yes | Yes |
| G. D. Rice | Cobb County | Yes | Yes |
| A. A. Winn | Cobb County | Yes | Yes |
| E. H. Lindley | Cobb County | Yes | Yes |
| Rowan Pafford | Coffee County | Yes | No |
| J. H. Frier | Coffee County | Yes | No |
| W. A. S. Collins | Columbia County | Yes | Yes |
| H. R. Casey | Columbia County | Yes | Yes |
| R. S. Neal | Columbia County | Yes | Yes |
| H. C. Tucker | Colquitt County | Yes | No |
| John G. Coleman | Colquitt County | Yes | Yes |
| A. B. Calhoun | Coweta County | Yes | Yes |
| J. J. Pinson | Coweta County | Yes | Yes |
| W. B. Shell | Coweta County | Yes | Yes |
| W. C. Cleveland | Crawford County | Yes | Yes |
| Isaac Dennis | Crawford County | Yes | Yes |
| S. C. Hale | Dade County | Yes | No |
| R. M. Pariss | Dade County | Yes | No |
| Alfred Webb | Dawson County | Yes | No |
| R. H. Pierce | Dawson County | Yes | No |
| Richard Simms | Decatur County | Yes | Yes |
| C. J. Munnerlyn | Decatur County | Yes | Yes |
| B. H. Gee | Decatur County | Yes | Yes |
| Charles Murphy | De Kalb County | No | Died |
| G. K. Smith | De Kalb County | Yes | No |
| John S. Thomas | Dooly County | Yes | Yes |
| Elijah Butts | Dooly County | Yes | Yes |
| Richard H. Clark | Dougherty County | Yes | Yes |
| C. E. Mallary | Dougherty County | Yes | Yes |
| R. W. Sheffield | Early County | Yes | Yes |
| James Buchanan | Early County | Yes | Yes |
| Harris Tomlinson | Echols County | Yes | Yes |
| J. B. Prescott | Echols County | Yes | Yes |
| E. W. Solomons | Effingham County | Yes | Yes |
| A. G. Porter | Effingham County | Yes | Yes |
| J. C. Burch | Elbert County | Yes | Yes |
| L. H. O. Martin | Elbert County | Yes | Yes |
| A. L. Kirkland | Emanuel County | Yes | No |
| John Overstreet | Emanuel County | Yes | No |
| W. C. Fain | Fannin County | No | No |
| E. W. Chastain | Fannin County | Yes | Yes |
| M. M. Tidwell | Fayette County | Yes | Yes |
| J. L. Blalock | Fayette County | Yes | Yes |
| James Ward | Floyd County | Yes | Yes |
| Simpson Fouche | Floyd County | Yes | Yes |
| F. C. Shropshire | Floyd County | Yes | Yes |
| Hardy Strickland | Forsyth County | Yes | Yes |
| H.P. Bell | Forsyth County | Yes | No |
| John H. Patrick | Franklin County | Yes | No |
| Samuel Knox | Franklin County | Yes | No |
| J. F. Alexander | Fulton County | Yes | Yes |
| L. J. Glenn | Fulton County | Yes | Yes |
| J. P. Logan | Fulton County | Yes | Yes |
| Joshua F. Usry | Glascock County | Yes | Yes |
| Calvin Logue | Glascock County | Yes | Yes |
| Joseph Pickett | Gilmer County | Yes | No |
| W. P. Milton | Gilmer County | Yes | No |
| John L. Harris | Glynn County | Yes | Yes |
| H. B. Troup | Glynn County | Yes | Yes |
| W. H. Dabney | Gordon County | Yes | Yes |
| James Freeman | Gordon County | Yes | No |
| R. M. Young | Gordon County | Yes | Yes |
| N. M. Crawford | Greene County | Yes | Yes |
| R. J. Willis | Greene County | Yes | Yes |
| T. N. Poullain | Greene County | Yes | Yes |
| R. D. Winn | Gwinnett County | No | No |
| J. P. Simmons | Gwinnett County | Yes | No |
| T. P. Hudson | Gwinnett County | No | No |
| R. C. Ketchum | Habersham County | Yes | Yes |
| Singleton Sisk | Habersham County | Yes | Yes |
| E. M. Johnson | Hall County | Yes | No |
| P. M. Byrd | Hall County | Yes | No |
| Davis Whelchel | Hall County | Yes | No |
| Linton Stephens | Hancock County | Yes | No |
| B. T. Harris | Hancock County | Yes | Yes |
| T. M. Turner | Hancock County | Yes | Yes |
| W. J. Head | Haralson County | Yes | Yes |
| A. R. Walton | Haralson County | Yes | Yes |
| D. P. Hill | Harris County | Yes | Yes |
| W. J. Hudson | Harris County | Yes | Yes |
| H. D. Williams | Harris County | Yes | Yes |
| R. S. Hill | Hart County | Yes | Yes |
| J. E. Skelton | Hart County | Yes | Yes |
| R. P. Wood | Heard County | Yes | No |
| C. W. Mabry | Heard County | Yes | No |
| F. E. Manson | Henry County | Yes | No |
| E. B. Arnold | Henry County | Yes | No |
| J. H. Low | Henry County | Yes | Yes |
| J. M. Giles | Houston County | Yes | Yes |
| D. F. Gunn | Houston County | Yes | Yes |
| B.W. Brown | Houston County | Yes | Yes |
| M. Henderson | Irwin County | Yes | Yes |
| Jacob Young | Irwin County | Yes | No |
| J. J. McCulloch | Jackson County | Yes | Yes |
| J. G. Pitman | Jackson County | Yes | Yes |
| D. R. Lyle | Jackson County | Yes | Yes |
| Aris Newton | Jasper County | Yes | No |
| Reuben Jordan Jr. | Jasper County | Yes | No |
| H. V. Johnson | Jefferson County | Yes | No |
| George Stapleton | Jefferson County | Yes | No |
| William Hust | Johnson County | Yes | No |
| J. R. Smith | Johnson County | Yes | No |
| James M. Gray | Jones County | Yes | Yes |
| P. T. Pitts | Jones County | Yes | Yes |
| Nathan Tucker | Laurens County | Yes | Yes |
| J. W. Yopp | Laurens County | Yes | Yes |
| W. B. Richardson | Lee County | Yes | Yes |
| Goode Bryan | Lee County | Yes | Yes |
| W. B. Fleming | Liberty County | Yes | Yes |
| S. M. Varnadoe | Liberty County | Yes | Yes |
| La Fayette Lamar | Lincoln County | Yes | Yes |
| C. R. Strother | Lincoln County | No | Sick |
| C. H. M. Howell | Lowndes County | Yes | Yes |
| Isaiah Tilman | Lowndes County | Yes | Yes |
| Benjamin Hamilton | Lumpkin County | No | No |
| William Martin | Lumpkin County | Yes | No |
| J. S. Gholston | Madison County | Yes | Yes |
| A. C. Daniel | Madison County | Yes | Yes |
| W. H. Robinson | Macon County | Yes | Yes |
| J. H. Carson | Macon County | Yes | Yes |
| W. M. Brown | Marion County | Yes | Yes |
| J. M. Harvey | Marion County | Yes | Yes |
| J. M. Harris | McIntosh County | Yes | Yes |
| G. W. M. Williams | McIntosh County | Yes | Yes |
| H. R. Harris | Meriwether County | Yes | Yes |
| W. D. Martin | Meriwether County | Yes | Yes |
| Hiram Warner | Meriwether County | Yes | No |
| W. J. Cheshier | Miller County | Yes | Yes |
| C. L. Whitehead | Miller County | Yes | Yes |
| Jackson Graham | Milton County | Yes | No |
| J. C. Street | Milton County | Yes | No |
| William T. Cox | Mitchell County | Yes | Yes |
| Jesse Reed | Mitchell County | Yes | Yes |
| R.L. Roddey | Monroe County | Yes | Yes |
| Hiriam Phinizy Jr. | Monroe County | Yes | No |
| J. T. Stephens | Monroe County | Yes | Yes |
| T. M. McRae | Montgomery County | Yes | No |
| S. H. Latimer | Montgomery County | Yes | No |
| Thomas P. Saffold | Morgan County | Yes | Yes |
| Augustus Reese | Morgan County | Yes | Yes |
| Anderson Farnsworth | Murray County | Yes | No |
| Euclid Waterhouse | Murray County | Yes | No |
| J. N. Ramsey | Muscogee County | Yes | Yes |
| Henry L. Benning | Muscogee County | Yes | Yes |
| A. S. Rutherford | Muscogee County | Yes | Yes |
| W. S. Montgomery | Newton County | Yes | Yes |
| Alexander Means | Newton County | Yes | Yes |
| Purmedus Reynolds | Newton County | Yes | No |
| D. D. Johnson | Oglethorpe County | Yes | Yes |
| Samuel Glenn | Oglethorpe County | Yes | Yes |
| Willis Willingham | Oglethorpe County | Yes | No |
| Henry Lester | Paulding County | Yes | Yes |
| J. Y. Algood | Paulding County | Yes | Yes |
| James Simmons | Pickens County | Yes | No |
| W. T. Day | Pickens County | Yes | No |
| E. D. Hendry | Pierce County | Yes | Yes |
| J. W. Stephens | Pierce County | Yes | Yes |
| R. B. Gardner | Pike County | Yes | Yes |
| G. M. McDowell | Pike County | Yes | Yes |
| W. E. West | Polk County | Yes | No |
| T. W. Dupree | Polk County | Yes | No |
| T.J. McGriff | Pulaski County | Yes | Yes |
| C. M. Bozeman | Pulaski County | Yes | Yes |
| R. T. Davis | Putnam County | Yes | No |
| D. R. Adams | Putnam County | Yes | Yes |
| E. C. Ellington | Quitman County | Yes | Yes |
| L. P. Dozier | Quitman County | Yes | Yes |
| Samuel Beck | Rabun County | Yes | No |
| H. W. Cannon | Rabun County | Yes | No |
| Marcellus Douglas | Randolph County | Yes | Yes |
| Arthur Hood | Randolph County | Yes | Yes |
| George W. Crawford | Richmond County | Yes | Yes |
| J. Phinizy Sr. | Richmond County | Yes | Yes |
| J. P. Garvin | Richmond County | Yes | Yes |
| H. L. French | Schley County | Yes | Yes |
| W. A. Black | Schley County | Yes | Yes |
| C. Humphries | Screven County | Yes | Yes |
| J. L. Singleton | Screven County | Yes | Yes |
| W. G. Dewberry | Spalding County | Yes | Yes |
| Henry Moor | Spalding County | Yes | Yes |
| James A. Fort | Stewart County | Yes | Yes |
| James Hilliard | Stewart County | Yes | Yes |
| G. Y. Banks | Stewart County | Yes | Yes |
| W. A. Hawkins | Sumter County | Yes | Yes |
| T. M. Furlow | Sumter County | Yes | Yes |
| Henry Davenport | Sumter County | Yes | Yes |
| W. R. Neal | Talbot County | Yes | No |
| L. B. Smith | Talbot County | Yes | Yes |
| Alexander H. Stephens | Taliaferro County | Yes | No |
| S. H. Perkins | Taliaferro County | Yes | No |
| Benjamin Brewton | Tattnall County | Yes | No |
| Henry Strickland | Tattnall County | Yes | No |
| W. J. F. Mitchell | Taylor County | Yes | No |
| H. H. Long | Taylor County | Yes | Yes |
| H. McLean | Telfair County | Yes | No |
| James Williamson | Telfair County | Yes | No |
| William Harrington | Terrell County | Yes | No |
| D. A. Cochran | Terrell County | Yes | No |
| A. H. Hansell | Thomas County | Yes | Yes |
| S. B. Spencer | Thomas County | Yes | Yes |
| W. G. Ponder | Thomas County | Yes | Yes |
| John Corn | Towns County | Yes | No |
| Elijah Kimsey | Towns County | Yes | No |
| B. H. Hill | Troup County | Yes | Yes |
| W. P. Beasley | Troup County | Yes | Yes |
| J. M. Beall | Troup County | Yes | Yes |
| John Fitzpatrick | Twiggs County | Yes | Yes |
| S. L. Richardson | Twiggs County | Yes | Yes |
| J. H. Huggins | Union County | Yes | No |
| J. P. Welborn | Union County | Yes | No |
| P. W. Alexander | Upson County | Yes | No |
| T. S. Sherman | Upson County | Yes | No |
| G. G. Gordon | Walker County | Yes | No |
| R. B. Dickerson | Walker County | Yes | No |
| T. A. Sharpe | Walker County | Yes | No |
| George Spence | Walton County | Yes | Yes |
| Willis Kilgore | Walton County | Yes | No |
| H. D. McDaniel | Walton County | Yes | Yes |
| W. A. McDonald | Ware County | Yes | Yes |
| C. W. Styles | Ware County | Yes | Yes |
| M. D. Cody | Warren County | Yes | Yes |
| N. A. Wicker | Warren County | Yes | Yes |
| Henry R. Fort | Wayne County | Yes | Yes |
| H. A. Cannon | Wayne County | Yes | Yes |
| E. S. Langmade | Washington County | Yes | Yes |
| Lewis Bullard | Washington County | Yes | Yes |
| A. C. Harris | Washington County | Yes | Yes |
| P.F. Brown | Webster County | Yes | Yes |
| M. H. Bush | Webster County | Yes | Yes |
| Isaac Bowen | White County | Yes | Yes |
| E. F. Starr | White County | Yes | No |
| J. M. Jackson | Whitfield County | Yes | No |
| F. A. Thomas | Whitfield County | Yes | Yes |
| Dickerson Taliaferro | Whitfield County | Yes | No |
| D. A. McLeod | Wilcox County | Yes | Yes |
| Smith Turner | Wilcox County | Yes | Yes |
| Robert Toombs | Wilkes County | Yes | Yes |
| J. J. Robertson | Wilkes County | Yes | Yes |
| N. A. Carswell | Wilkinson County | Yes | No |
| R. J. Cochran | Wilkinson County | Yes | No |
| R. G. Ford Sr. | Worth County | Yes | Yes |
| T.T. Mounger | Worth County | Yes | Yes |
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