List of orthopedic implants

An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone, or to support a damaged bone.^[1] The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage.^[2] The biodegradable metals in this category are magnesium-based ^[3] and iron-based alloys, though recently zinc has also been investigated.^[4] Currently, the uses of bioresorbable metals are as fracture fixation implants^[5][6][7][8] Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants to repair a bone.^[9][10] During the surgery of broken bones through internal fixation the bone fragments are first reduced into their normal alignment then they are held together with the help of internal fixators such as plates, screws, nails, pins, and wires.^[11][12]

Orthopedic implant example seen with X-ray

Eponymous implants and their uses

• Austin-Moore prosthesis^{[broken anchor]} for fracture of the neck of the femur^[13]
• Baksi's prosthesis for elbow replacement^[14]
• Charnley prosthesis for total hip replacement^[15]
• Condylar blade plate for condylar fractures of the femur^[16]
• Ender's nail for fixing intertrochanteric fracture^[17]
• Grosse-Kempf nail for tibial or femoral shaft fracture^[18]
• Hansson pin (or LIH for Lars Ingvar Hansson), a hook-pin used for fractures of the femoral neck^[19]
• Harrington rod for fixation of the spine^[20]
• Hartshill rectangle for fixation of the spine^[21]
• Insall Burstein prosthesis : for total knee replacement^[22]
• Richard N.W. Wohns interspinous implant and implantation instrument intended to be implanted between two adjacent dorsal spines^[23]
• Kirschner wire for fixation of small bones^[24]
• Kuntscher nail for fracture of the shaft of the femur^[25]
• Luque rod: for fixation of the spine^[26]
• Moore's pin for fracture of the neck of the femur
• Neer's prosthesis for shoulder replacement^[27]
• Rush nail for diaphyseal fractures of a long bone^[28]
• Smith-Petersen nail for fracture of the neck of femur
• Smith-Petersen nail with McLaughlin's plate for intertrochanteric fracture
• Seidel nail for fracture of the shaft of the humerus^[29]
• Souter's prosthesis for elbow replacement^[30]
• Steffee plate for fixation of the spine^[31]
• Steinmann pin for skeletal traction^[32]
• Swanson prosthesis for the replacement of joints of the fingers^[33]
• Talwalkar nail for fracture of radius and ulna^[34]
• Thompson prosthesis^{[broken anchor]} for fracture of the neck of the femur^[35]

Branded Systems

		Waldemar Link	DePuy Synthes	Vast Ortho	Stryker	Smith & Nephew	Biomet	Orthofix	Zimmer
Elective	Total Hip Replacement	Lubinus SP II		Austin Moore Bipolar Thompson	Exeter Accolade
	Hip hemiarthroplasty
	Hip resurfacing					Birmingham
	Total Knee Replacement	Gemini Endo-Model	Sigma Attune		Triathlon Scorpio	Journey Legion Genesis II	Vanguard VanguardXP		NexGen Persona
	Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty[36]	Sled					Oxford
	Shoulder/Elbow/Ankle Replacement
Trauma	Femoral Nail		Expert LFN/RAFN/ALFN PFNA TFN	PFNA PFNA II TFN	Gamma nail[37]	Intertan nail[38]			ZNN System, NCB System
	Tibial Nail		Expert tibia nail	Tibia Nail	T2 tibia nail				ZNN System, NCB System
	External fixation			Ilizarov Ring Clamp Trocar	Hoffmann II	Taylor spatial frame Ilizarov JET-X		TrueLok Hex Galaxy
	Locking Plates (LCP)			2.4mm Locking 2.7mm Locking 3.5mm Locking 4.5/5.0mm Locking
	Angled Plates			Angle Blade Plate Condylat Plate DHC, DCS Jewett Nail Plate
	Spine			Anterior Cervical Plate Monoaxial Screws Polyaxial Screws Cages Mesh

Image Gallery

• 
  Moore's pin
• 
  Austin Moore prostheses
• 
  Steinman pins
• 
  Shan's pin
• 
  Rush nail
• 
  Buttress plates

Research progress

A surface engineering method was developed for biodegradable magnesium alloys to enhance orthopedic implants.^[39]

See also

• CNT Bio-Stress Sensors

References

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2. "About Orthopedic Implants". Wordpress. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
3. Saberi, A.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Karamian, E.; Kasiri-Asgarani, M.; Ghomi, H. (2020). "Magnesium-graphene nano-platelet composites: Corrosion behavior, mechanical and biological properties". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 821: 153379. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153379. S2CID 214172320.
4. Kong, Lingyun; Heydari, Zahra; Lami, Ghadeer Hazim; Saberi, Abbas; Baltatu, Madalina Simona; Vizureanu, Petrica (2023-07-03). "A Comprehensive Review of the Current Research Status of Biodegradable Zinc Alloys and Composites for Biomedical Applications". Materials. 16 (13): 4797. Bibcode:2023Mate...16.4797K. doi:10.3390/ma16134797. ISSN 1996-1944. PMC 10343804. PMID 37445111.
5. Liu, JunRu; Wang, XueYi; Saberi, Abbas; Heydari, Zahra (2023). "The effect of Co-encapsulated GNPs-CNTs nanofillers on mechanical properties, degradation and antibacterial behavior of Mg-based composite". Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 138: 105601. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105601. PMID 36493612. S2CID 254343106.
6. Zhao, Jinguo; Haowei, Ma; Saberi, Abbas; Heydari, Zahra; Baltatu, Madalina Simona (2022-10-20). "Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Encapsulated Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites to Improve Mechanical, Degradation and Antibacterial Performances for Biomedical Device Applications". Coatings. 12 (10): 1589. doi:10.3390/coatings12101589. ISSN 2079-6412.
7. Zhang, Hongwei; Saberi, Abbas; Heydari, Zahra; Baltatu, Madalina Simona (2023-02-17). "Bredigite-CNTs Reinforced Mg-Zn Bio-Composites to Enhance the Mechanical and Biological Properties for Biomedical Applications". Materials. 16 (4): 1681. Bibcode:2023Mate...16.1681Z. doi:10.3390/ma16041681. ISSN 1996-1944. PMC 9965178. PMID 36837310.
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19. JP, Carstensen; HH, Noer (1998). "[Medial migration of a Hansson hook-pin after femoral neck fracture]". Ugeskrift for Laeger. 160 (36). Ugeskr Laeger: 5200–5201. ISSN 0041-5782. PMID 9741281.
20. McMaster, Michael J. (1991). "Luque rod instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comparative study with Harrington instrumentation". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 73 (6): 982–989. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.73B6.1955449. PMID 1955449. S2CID 368244.
21. Dove, J (1986). "Internal fixation of the lumbar spine. The Hartshill rectangle". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 203 (203): 135–40. doi:10.1097/00003086-198602000-00016. PMID 3955975.
22. Kocmond, JH; Delp, SL; Stern, SH (1995). "Stability and range of motion of Insall-Burstein condylar prostheses. A computer simulation study". The Journal of Arthroplasty. 10 (3): 383–8. doi:10.1016/s0883-5403(05)80189-5. PMID 7673919.
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26. McMaster, Michael J. (1991). "Luque rod instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comparative study with Harrington instrumentation". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 73 (6): 982–989. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.73B6.1955449. PMID 1955449. S2CID 368244.
27. Kenesi, C; Tallineau, C (1992). "Shoulder prosthesis". Chirurgie; Mémoires de l'Académie de Chirurgie. 118 (3): 166–9, discussion 169–70. PMID 1339724.
28. Barry, M; Paterson, JM (2004). "A flexible intramedullary nails for fractures in children". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 86 (7): 947–53. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.86b7.15273. PMID 15446515.
29. "Definition of Smith Pearson nail". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
30. Ikävalko, M.; Lehto, M. U. K.; Repo, A.; Kautiainen, H.; Hämäläinen, M. (2002). "The Souter-Strathclyde elbow arthroplasty". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 84 (1): 77–82. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.84B1.11848. PMID 11838445. S2CID 22255058.
31. Temple, HT; Kruse, RW; Van Dam, BE (1994). "Lumbar and lumbosacral fusion using Steffee instrumentation". Spine. 19 (5): 537–41. doi:10.1097/00007632-199403000-00008. PMID 8184347.
32. "Definition of Steinmann Pin". The Free Medical Dictionary. Farex.
33. van Cappelle, Henk G. J.; Deutman, Robert; van Horn, Jim R. (2001). "Use of the Swanson Silicone Trapezium Implant for Treatment of Primary Osteoarthritis : Long-Term Results". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 83-A (7): 999–1004. doi:10.2106/00004623-200107000-00004. PMID 11451968. S2CID 8647605. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15.
34. Talwalkar, AK; Talwalkar, OA (1967). "Treatment of simple fractures of radius and ulna with internal fixation without external support". Singapore Medical Journal. 8 (3): 160–6. PMID 5587806.
35. Chan, RN; Hoskinson, J (1975). "Thompson prosthesis for fractured neck of femur. A comparison of surgical approaches". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 57 (4): 437–43. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.57B4.437. PMID 1194309.
36. Borus T, Thornhill T (January 2008). "Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16 (1): 9–18. doi:10.5435/00124635-200801000-00003. PMID 18180388. S2CID 22536661.
37. Halder, SC (1992). "The Gamma nail for peritrochanteric fractures". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 74 (3): 340–4. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.74B3.1587873. PMID 1587873. S2CID 10704640.
38. "TRIGEN INTERTAN Intertrochanteric Antegrade Nail | Smith+Nephew - Corporate".
39. Li, Yixuan; Zhao, Sheng; Li, Sirong; Ge, Yuxiang; Wang, Rongliang; Zheng, Liming; Xu, Jiankun; Sun, Minghui; Jiang, Qing; Zhang, Yifeng; Wei, Hui (2019). "Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants". Small. 15 (51): e1904486. doi:10.1002/smll.201904486. PMID 31755651. S2CID 208227027.

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