List of organisms by chromosome count

The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype,^[1][2][3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics.^[4] The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics.

  Animals

  Plants

  Other Eukaryotes

S. No.	Organism (B SULLAR)	Chromosome number	Picture	Karyotype	Notes	Source
1	Jack jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula)	2/1			2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.[5]	[5]
2	Myrmecia croslandi	2/1			2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible.[6]	[6]
3	Spider mite (Tetranychidae)	4–14			Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploid (males are haploid, while females are diploid)[7]	[7]
4	Cricotopus sylvestris	4				[8]
5	Oikopleura dioica	6				[9]
6	Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti)	6			The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana, which has 2n=8.[10]	[10]
7	Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak)	6/7			2n = 6 for females and 7 for males. The lowest diploid chromosomal number in mammals.[11]	[12]
8	Hieracium	8
9	Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	8			6 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex)	[13]
10	Macrostomum lignano	8			[14]
11	Marchantia polymorpha	9			Typically haploid with dominant gametophyte stage. 8 autosomes and 1 allosome (sex chromosome). The sex-determination system used by this species and most other bryophytes is called UV. Spores can carry either the U chromosome, which results in female gametophytes, or the V chromosome, which results in males. The chromosome number n = 9 is the basic number in many species of Marchantiales. In some species of Marchantiales, plants with various ploidy levels (having 18 or 27 chromosomes) were reported, but this is rare in nature.	[15]
12	Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	10
13	Swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor)	10/11			11 for male, 10 for female	[16]
14	Australian daisy (Brachyscome dichromosomatica)	12			This species can have more B chromosomes than A chromosomes at times, but 2n=4.	[17]
15	Nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans)	12/11			12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for males
16	Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)	12				[18]
17	Broad bean (Vicia faba)	12				[19]
18	Yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria)	12			10 autosomal and 2 allosomic (sex) chromosomes. Males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the largest chromosomes and constitute 30% of the total length of the diploid set in females and about 25% in males.[20]	[20]
19	Slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum)	12				[21]
20	Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)	14				[22]
21	Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)	14
22	Rye (Secale cereale)	14				[23] : 108
23	Pea (Pisum sativum)	14				[23] : 172
24	Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	14				[24]
25	Aloe vera	14			The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 14 with four pair of long acrocentric chromosomes ranging from 14.4 μm to 17.9 μm and three pair of short sub metacentric chromosomes ranging from 4.6 μm to 5.4 μm.[25]	[25]
26	Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)	16
27	Kangaroo	16			This includes several members of genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 20)	[26]
28	Botryllus schlosseri	16				[27]
29	Schistosoma mansoni	16			2n=16. 7 autosomal pairs and ZW sex-determination pair.[28]	[28]
30	Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum)	16				[29]
31	Garlic (Allium sativum)	16				[29]
32	Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei)	17/18			According to the observation of embryonic cells of egg, chromosome number of the itch mite is either 17 or 18. While the cause for the disparate numbers is unknown, it may arise because of an XO sex determination mechanism, where males (2n=17) lack the sex chromosome and therefore have one less chromosome than the female (2n=18).[30]	[30]
33	Radish (Raphanus sativus)	18				[23] : 60
34	Carrot (Daucus carota)	18			The genus Daucus includes around 25 species. D. carota has nine chromosome pairs (2n = 2x = 18). D. capillifolius, D. sahariensis and D. syrticus are the other members of the genus with 2n = 18, whereas D. muricatus (2n = 20) and D. pusillus (2n = 22) have a slightly higher chromosome number. A few polyploid species as for example D. glochidiatus (2n = 4x = 44) and D. montanus (2n = 6x = 66) also exist.[31]	[31]
35	Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)	18			Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number.[23]: 49	[23] : 49
36	Citrus (Citrus)	18			Chromosome number of the genus Citrus, which including lemons, oranges, grapefruit, pomelo and limes, is 2n = 18.[32]	[33]
37	Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis)	18				[34]
38	Setaria viridis (Setaria viridis)	18				[35]
39	Maize (Zea mays)	20				[23] : 128
40	Cannabis (Cannabis sativa)	20
41	Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	20				[36]
42	Australian pitcher plant (Cephalotus follicularis)	20				[37]
43	Cacao (Theobroma cacao)	20				[38]
44	Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus)	22			Although some contradictory cases have been reported, the large homogeneity of the chromosome number 2n = 22 is now known for 135 (33.5%) distinct species among genus Eucalyptus.[39]	[40]
45	Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)	22				[41]
46	Bean (Phaseolus sp.)	22			All species in the genus Phaseolus have the same chromosome number, including common bean (P. vulgaris), runner bean (P. coccineus), tepary bean (P. acutifolius) and lima bean (P. lunatus).[23]: 168	[23] : 168
47	Snail	24
48	Melon (Cucumis melo)	24				[42]
49	Rice (Oryza sativa)	24				[23] : 98
50	Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)	24				[43]
51	Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)	24				[44]
52	Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	24				[45]
53	European beech (Fagus sylvatica)	24				[46]
54	Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)	24				[47][48]
55	Cork oak (Quercus suber)	24				[49]
56	Edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus)	26			Edible frog is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog and the marsh frog.[50]	[51]
57	Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)	28				[52]
58	Bed bug (Cimex lectularius)	29–47			26 autosomes and varying number of the sex chromosomes from three (X1X2Y) to 21 (X1X2Y+18 extra Xs).[53]	[53]
59	Pill millipede (Arthrosphaera magna attems)	30				[54]
60	Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)	30				[55]
61	American mink (Neogale vison)	30
62	Pistachio (Pistacia vera)	30				[56]
63	Japanese oak silkmoth (Antheraea yamamai)	31				[57]
64	Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	32
65	European honey bee (Apis mellifera)	32/16			32 for females (2n = 32), males are haploid and thus have 16 (1n =16).[58]	[58]
66	American badger (Taxidea taxus)	32
67	Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)	32			Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.[23]: 165	[23]: 165
68	Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)	34			Plus 0-8 B chromosomes.	[59]
69	Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)	34				[60]
70	Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)	34				[61]
71	Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)	34				[62]
72	Yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata)	36
73	Tibetan sand fox (Vulpes ferrilata)	36
74	Starfish (Asteroidea)	36
75	Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)	36
76	Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)	36
77	Cassava (Manihot esculenta)	36				[63]
78	Long-nosed cusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus)	36
79	Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)	36
80	African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	36				[36]
81	Waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa)	38				[37]
82	Tiger (Panthera tigris)	38
83	Sea otter (Enhydra lutris)	38
84	Sable (Martes zibellina)	38
85	Raccoon (Procyon lotor)	38				[64]
86	Pine marten (Martes martes)	38
87	Pig (Sus)	38
88	Oriental small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea)	38
89	Lion (Panthera leo)	38
90	Fisher (Pekania pennanti)	38			a type of marten
91	European mink (Mustela lutreola)	38
92	Coatimundi	38
93	Cat (Felis catus)	38
94	Beech marten (Martes foina)	38
95	Baja California rat snake (Bogertophis rosaliae)	38				[65]
96	American marten (Martes americana)	38
97	Trans-Pecos ratsnake (Bogertophis subocularis)	40				[66]
98	Mouse (Mus musculus)	40				[67]
99	Mango (Mangifera indica)	40				[23] : 7
100	Hyena (Hyaenidae)	40
101	Ferret (Mustela furo)	40
102	European polecat (Mustela putorius)	40
103	American beaver (Castor canadensis)	40
104	Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)	40			Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40). Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20).[68]	[68]
105	Wolverine (Gulo gulo)	42
106	Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	42			This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.[23]: 120	[23] : 120
107	Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)	42				[69]
108	Rat (Rattus norvegicus)	42				[70]
109	Oats (Avena sativa)	42			This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.[23]: 87	[23] : 87
110	Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)	42
111	Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)	42
112	European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)	44
113	Eurasian badger (Meles meles)	44
114	Moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita)	44				[71]
115	Dolphin (Delphinidae)	44
116	Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica)	44			Out of the 103 species in the genus Coffea, arabica coffee is the only tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44), the remaining species being diploid with 2n = 2x = 22.[72]
117	Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi)	46
118	Human (Homo sapiens)	46			44 autosomal. and 2 allosomic (sex)	[73]
119	Olive (Olea Europaea)	46
120	Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)	46				[74]
121	Parhyale hawaiensis	46				[75]
122	Water buffalo (swamp type) (Bubalus bubalis)	48
123	Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)	48			Cultivated species N. tabacum is an amphidiploid (2n=4x=48) evolved through the interspecific hybridization of the ancestors of N. sylvestris (2n=2x=24, maternal donor) and N. tomentosiformis (2n=2x=24, paternal donor) about 200,000 years ago.[76]	[76]
124	Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	48			This is for common potato Solanum tuberosum (tetraploid, 2n = 4x = 48). Other cultivated potato species may be diploid (2n = 2x = 24), triploid (2n = 3x = 36), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48), or pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60).[77] Wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.[23]: 279	[77]
125	Orangutan (Pongo)	48
126	Hare (Lepus)	48				[78][79]
127	Gorilla (Gorilla)	48
128	Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)	48
129	Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	48				[80]
130	Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber)	48
131	Zebrafish (Danio rerio)	50				[81]
132	Woodland hedgehogs Erinaceus	48				[82]
133	African hedgehogs Atelerix	48				[83]
134	Water buffalo (Riverine type) (Bubalus bubalis)	50
135	Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)	50
136	Pineapple (Ananas comosus)	50				[23] : 15
137	Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis)	50
138	Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)	52
139	Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)	52			Ten sex chromosomes. Males have X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5, females have X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5.[84]	[85]
140	Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	52			This is for the cultivated species G. hirsutum (allotetraploid, 2n=4x=52). This species accounts for 90% of the world cotton production. Among 50 species in the genus Gossypium, 45 are diploid (2n = 2x = 26) and 5 are allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 52).[86]	[86]
141	Sheep (Ovis aries)	54
142	Hyrax (Hyracoidea)	54			Hyraxes were considered to be the closest living relatives of elephants,[87] but sirenians have been found to be more closely related to elephants.	[88]
143	Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides)	54			This number is for common raccoon dog (N. p. procyonoides), 2n=54+B(0–4). On the other hand, Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) with 2n=38+B(0–8). Here, B represents B chromosome and its variation in the number between individuals.[89][90]	[89]
144	Capuchin monkey (Cebinae)	54				[91]
145	Silkworm (Bombyx mori)	56			This is for the species mulberry silkworm, B. mori (2n=56). Probably more than 99% of the world's commercial silk today come from this species.[92] Other silk producing moths, called non-mulberry silkworms, have various chromosome numbers. (e.g. Samia cynthia with 2n=25–28,[93] Antheraea pernyi with 2n=98.[94])	[95]
146	Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)	56			This number is octoploid, main cultivated species Fragaria × ananassa (2n = 8x = 56). In genus Fragaria, basic chromosome number is seven (x = 7) and multiple levels of ploidy, ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 14) to decaploid (F. iturupensis, 2n = 10x = 70), are known.[96]	[96]
147	Gaur (Bos gaurus)	56
148	Elephant (Elephantidae)	56
149	†Woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)	58			extinct; tissue from a frozen carcass
150	Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)	60
151	Goat (Capra hircus)	60
152	Cattle (Bos taurus)	60
153	American bison (Bison bison)	60
154	Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger)	60				[97]
155	Bengal fox (Vulpes bengalensis)	60
156	Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar)	62
157	Donkey (Equus asinus)	62
158	Scarlet macaw (Ara macao)	62–64				[98]
159	Mule	63			semi-infertile (odd number of chromosomes – between donkey (62) and horse (64) makes meiosis much more difficult)
160	Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)	64
161	Spotted skunk (Spilogale x)	64
162	Horse (Equus caballus)	64
163	Fennec fox (Vulpes zerda)	64				[99]
164	Echidna (Tachyglossidae)	63/64			63 (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5, male) and 64 (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5, female)[100]
165	Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)	64				[61]
166	Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)	64				[101]
167	Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)	66				[99]
168	Red deer (Cervus elaphus)	68
169	Elk (wapiti) (Cervus canadensis)	68
170	Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris)	68				[102]
171	White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)	70
172	Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)	72				[103]
173	Tropical blue bamboo (Bambusa chungii)	64–72				[104]
174	Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)	72				[99]
175	Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)	74
176	Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)	74
177	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)	74
178	Brown bear (Ursus arctos)	74
179	Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus)	74
180	American black bear (Ursus americanus)	74
181	Bush dog (Speothos venaticus)	74
182	Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)	76
183	Gray wolf (Canis lupus)	78
184	Golden jackal (Canis aureus)	78				[99]
185	Dove (Columbidae)	78			Based on African collared dove	[105]
186	Dog (Canis familiaris)	78			Normal dog karyotype is composed of 38 pairs of acrocentric autosomes and two metacentric sex chromosomes.[106][107]	[108]
187	Dingo (Canis familiaris)	78				[99]
188	Dhole (Cuon alpinus)	78
189	Coyote (Canis latrans)	78				[99]
190	Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)	78
191	African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)	78				[99]
192	Tropical pitcher plant (Nepenthes rafflesiana)	78				[37]
193	Turkey (Meleagris)	80				[109]
194	Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)	80			This is for S. officinarum (octoploid, 2n = 8× = 80).[110] About 70% of the world's sugar comes from this species.[111] Other species in the genus Saccharum, collectively known as sugarcane, have chromosome numbers in the range 2n=40–128.[112]	[110]
195	Pigeon (Columbidae)	80				[113]
196	Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus)	80				[114]
197	Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)	82				[115]
198	Bloody crane's-bill (Geranium sanguineum)	84				[116]
199	Moonworts (Botrychium)	90
200	Grape fern (Sceptridium)	90
201	Pittier's crab-eating rat (Ichthyomys pittieri)	92			Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Anotomys leander.	[117]
202	Prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus)	86–92				[118]
203	Aquatic rat (Anotomys leander)	92			Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Ichthyomys pittieri.	[117]
204	Kamraj (fern) (Helminthostachys zeylanica)	94
205	Crucian carp (Carassius carassius)	100				[119]
206	Red viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae)	102			Highest number known in mammals, thought to be a tetraploid[120] or allotetraploid.[121]	[122]
207	Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)	104				[123]
208	American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)	120				[124]
209	Limestone fern (Gymnocarpium robertianum)	160			Tetraploid (2n = 4x = 160)	[125]
210	African baobab (Adansonia digitata)	168			Also known as the "tree of life". 2n = 4x = 168	[126]
211	Northern lampreys (Petromyzontidae)	174				[127]
212	Rattlesnake fern (Botrypus virginianus)	184				[128]
213	Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus)	208
214	Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)	216
215	Agrodiaetus butterfly (Agrodiaetus shahrami)	268			This insect has one of the highest chromosome numbers among all animals.	[129]
216	Black mulberry (Morus nigra)	308			Highest ploidy among plants, 22-ploid (2n = 22x = 308)[130]	[131]
217	Atlas blue (Polyommatus atlantica)	448–452			2n = c. 448–452. Highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms.[132]	[132]
218	Adders-tongue (Ophioglossum reticulatum)	1260			n=120–720 with a high degree of polyploidization.[133] Ophioglossum reticulatum n=720 in hexaploid species, 2n=1260 in decaploid species.[134]
219	Ciliated protozoa (Tetrahymena thermophila)	10 (in micronucleus)			50x = 12,500 (in macronucleus, except minichromosomes) 10,000x = 10,000 (macronuclear minichromosomes)[135]
220	Ciliated protozoa (Sterkiella histriomuscorum)	16000[136]			Macronuclear "nanochromosomes"; ampliploid. MAC chromosomes × 1900 ploidy level = 2.964 × 107 chromosomes	[137][138][139]

• 
  Karyotype of a human being. It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes, as well as the mitochondrial genome (at bottom left).

  Further information: Karyotype
• 
  Fusion of ancestral chromosomes left distinctive remnants of telomeres, and a vestigial centromere. As other non-human extant hominidae have 48 chromosomes it is believed that the human chromosome 2 is the result of the merging of two chromosomes.^[140]