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List of current heads of state and government
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope.
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.
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Member and observer states of the United Nations
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- Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
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Other states
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The following states are in free association with a UN member state.
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
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Alternative governments
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This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
This alternative government does not control its territory but is recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
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Sui generis entities
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See also
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- President of the Republic
- List of heads of state by approval rating
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Notes
- The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
- Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where he resides), he is represented at the national level by a governor-general.
- The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
- In this state, the head of state is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—neither does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
- The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until 7 February 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021.[5][6][7][8]
- According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
- The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.
- The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
- The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power.[11][12][13]
- The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Leader of the Syrian Transitional Government under the 2025 interim constitutional declaration.
- Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.
- Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized Government of National Unity. Hamada is disputing the premiership of Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, with the backing of the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army.
- Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the Third Hamdallah Government
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References
External links
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