List of foreign politicians of Chinese descent

This article contains a list of Wikipedia articles about politicians in countries outside of the Greater China who are of Chinese descent.^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Historical monarchs

This is a list of monarchs other than the monarchies of Greater China who were/are of either full or partial of Chinese descent or claim so through mythological roots. Despite the presence of historical records, the alleged Chinese descent of some of the following monarchs are contested by modern scholars.

More information Name, Realm ...

Monarchs of partial or full Chinese ancestry
Name	Realm	Reign	Comments
Kinh Dương Vương 祿續	Vietnam	2879 BC–?	The founder of the legendary Hồng Bàng dynasty, Lộc Tục, was recorded as a descendant of the mythological Chinese ruler Shennong^[1]
Jizi 箕子	Korea	1120 BC–?	The founder of the legendary Gija Joseon, Jizi was a mythological Chinese sage from the Shang dynasty who became the ruler of the semi-legendary state of Gojoseon.^[2]
Thục Phán 蜀泮	Vietnam	257–179 BC	According to two historical Vietnamese texts, Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư and Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục, Thục Phán of the Thục dynasty was from modern-day Sichuan, China, where it was previously ruled by the ancient Chinese State of Shu.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
Wiman of Gojoseon 衛滿	Korea	194 BC–?	The founder of Wiman Joseon, was a Chinese born General from Yan who fled to Gojoseon and later usurped the native ruler of Gojoseon, Jun of Gojoseon.^[7]
Hyeokgeose of Silla 新羅	Korea	57 BC–4 AD	The founder of Silla, Hyeokgeose, was allegedly of partial Chinese descent. His mother, Lady Saso, was supposedly from China and later settled in the Jinhan confederacy. However, Goryeo historian and compiler of the Samguk Sagi, Kim Bu-sik questioned this tale.^[8]^[9] All Silla monarchs from the Bak clan were paternal descendants of Hyeokgeose, while those from the Seok clan (with the exception of Talhae) traced their lineage to Hyeokgeose via his granddaughter, Lady Ahyo (阿孝夫人; 아효부인).
Chumo the Holy 高朱蒙	Korea	37–19 BC	The founder of Goguryeo, who according to Samguk sagi, claimed descent from the mythological Chinese ruler Zhuanxu.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] However, this myth was dismissed in the Samguk Sagi itself.^[15]
Onjo 扶餘溫祚	Korea	18 BC–28 AD	The founder of Baekje, Buyeo Onjo, was descended from the ruling family of Goguryeo.^[16] However, the myth that the royal Ko family of Koguryo was descended from a mythical Chinese emperor was dismissed in the Samguk Sagi.^[15]
Kujula Kadphises 丘就卻	Bactria	30–80 AD	The founder of the Kushan dynasty, Kujula Kadphises, was descended from a lineage of Yuezhi tribe hailing from modern-day Gansu, China.^[17]^{[citation needed]}^{[dubious – discuss]}
Phạm Văn 范文	Lâm Ấp	336–349 AD	The founder of Dynasty II of Champa, Phạm Văn, was of Chinese origin.^[18]
Lý Bôn 李賁	Vietnam	544–548 AD	The founder of the Early Lý dynasty, Lý Bôn, was descended from Chinese refugees who fled Wang Mang's seizure of power in the final years of the Western Han.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]
Wang Geon 王建	Korea	918–943 AD	According to the Pyeon Nyeon Tong Rok (編年通錄; 편년통록), Wang Geon was the great-grandson of Emperor Suzong of Tang; according to the Byeon Nyeon Gang Mok (編年綱目; 변년강목), he was the great-grandson of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.^[26]^[27] However, the story that Wang Geon was descended from either Suzong or Xuanzong was dismissed in the Goryeo Sa.^[28]
Lý Công Uẩn 李公蘊	Vietnam	1009–1028 AD	The first emperor of the Lý dynasty, Lý Công Uẩn, could have his paternal bloodline traced to modern-day Fujian, China.^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33] Lý Công Uẩn's father, Lý Thuần An, escaped to Quanzhou from Hebei after Lý Công Uẩn's grandfather, Li Song, was wrongly accused of treason and executed by the Emperor Yin of Later Han.^[34]^[35]
Trần Cảnh 陳煚	Vietnam	1226–1258 AD	The origin of the Trần dynasty was traced to modern Fujian, where the ancestor of the Trần imperial clan, Trần Kính, migrated from in the 11th century.^[36]^[37]
Sukaphaa 蘇卡法	Assam	1228–1268 AD	The founder of the Ahom dynasty, Sukaphaa, was originally from modern-day Yunnan, China.^[38]
Uthong 烏通	Siam	1350–1370 AD	Uthong, the first king of Ayutthaya Kingdom, was an ethnic Chinese.^[39]^{[dubious – discuss]} This was also mentioned in a 17th-century account by Jeremias van Vliet.
Hồ Quý Ly 胡季犛	Vietnam	1400–1407 AD	The founders of the Hồ dynasty claimed descent from the Duke Hu of Chen, the founder of the ancient Chinese State of Chen.^[40]^[41] The Duke Hu of Chen was in turn descended from the legendary Emperor Shun, who was recognized by Hồ Quý Ly as the progenitor of the Hồ imperial family.^[42]^[43] The Hồ family migrated from present-day Zhejiang, China to Vietnam under Hồ Hưng Dật during the 10th century.^[35]
Trần Ngỗi 陳頠	Vietnam	1407–1413 AD	The Later Trần dynasty was ruled by the same imperial clan as the earlier Trần dynasty. Trần Ngỗi, the founder of the Later Trần dynasty, was a son of the ninth Trần monarch, Trần Phủ.^{[citation needed]}
Liang Daoming 梁道明	Palembang	14th century–15th century AD	^[44]^[45]
Mạc Cửu 鄚玖	Principality of Hà Tiên	1707–1736 AD	The founder of the Principality of Hà Tiên, Mạc Cửu, was a Chinese from Leizhou, China.^[46]^[47]
Taksin 達信	Siam	1767–1782 AD	The founder and only king of the Thonburi dynasty, Taksin, had Chinese, Thai, and Mon ancestry. His father, Zheng Yong, was a Teochew Chinese from Chenghai, China.^[48]
Nguyễn Nhạc 阮岳	Vietnam	1778–1788 AD	Rulers of the Tây Sơn dynasty, initially surnamed Hồ, were descended from the same line as the Hồ dynasty.^[49]
Piang Tan 陳皮昂	Maguindanao people	19th to 20th Century AD	The founder of the House of Piang, Piang Tan, was of mixed Chinese and Maguindanaon heritage.^[50]^[51]^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55]^[56] His father, Tuya Tan, was from Amoy, China.
Ang Sar 安紹	Cambodia	1927–1941 AD	Sisowath Monivong (r. 1927–1941), the second and final Cambodian monarch from the House of Sisowath, was of partial Chinese descent. His mother, Varni Van (萬妃; សម្តេចព្រះវររាជនីវ៉ាន់), was a Chinese Cambodian.^{[citation needed]}

Close

Modern monarchs

This is a list current monarchs other than the monarchies of Greater China who are of full or partial Chinese descent.

Modern monarchs of partial or full Chinese ancestry
Chakri dynasty 扎克里王朝	Siam/Thailand	AD 1782–present	Thongduang 通鑾	The founder of the Chakri dynasty, Thongduang, was of mixed Chinese and Mon descent.^[57]^[58] His mother, Daoreung, was partially Chinese.^[59]^[60]	(list) (tree)
House of Norodom 諾羅敦王朝	Cambodia	AD 1860–1904, AD 1941–1970, AD 1993–present	Ang Voddey 安瓦戴	Cambodian monarchs of the House of Norodom acquired Chinese heritage from Varni Van (萬妃; សម្តេចព្រះវររាជនីវ៉ាន់), a Chinese Cambodian consort of Sisowath. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Norodom Sihanouk (r. 1941–1955, 1993–2004) and the paternal great-great-grandmother of Norodom Sihamoni (r. 2004–present), the reigning Cambodian king.	(list) (tree)
House of Temenggong 天猛公王朝	Johor	AD 1886–present	Abu Bakar 阿布·峇卡	Johor monarchs of the House of Temenggong acquired Chinese heritage from Cecilia Catherina Lange,^[61] the second wife of Abu Bakar with Chinese and Danish ancestry. Ibrahim (r. 1895–1959) and all subsequent Johor sultans, including the reigning Ibrahim Ismail (r. 2010–present), are descended from Lange.	(list) (tree)

This is a list of politicians who were/are not heads of state and heads of government outside of Greater China of partial or full Chinese heritage. Entries are sorted according to alphabetical order.

Australia

Belize

Brunei

Cambodia

Canada

Estonia

Mihhail Kõlvart

Fiji

France

Gabon

Jean Ping

Guam

Guatemala

Guyana

Honduras

William Chong Wong

Indonesia

Ireland

Hazel Chu

Jamaica

Japan

Kiribati

Harry Tong

Korea

Wi Man
Shuang Ji [ko]

Laos

Malaysia

Mauritius

Mexico

Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong

Myanmar

The Netherlands

Timor-Leste

New Zealand

Norway

Julia Wong

Pakistan

Hakim Said

Papua New Guinea

Peru

Poland

Aleksandra Wiśniewska

The Philippines

Ryukyu Kingdom

Samoa

Singapore

Solomon Islands

Laurie Chan

South Africa

Soviet Union

Magaza Masanchi

Switzerland

Thailand

Trinidad and Tobago

United Kingdom

United States

Vietnam

Zimbabwe

Fay Chung

Including those of non-Han ethnicities with ancestral homes in Greater China.

[1]
Vu, Hong Lien (2016). Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781780237046.
[2]
Ilyon, Samguk Yusa, translated by T. Ha & G. Mintz (1997), Yonsei University Press, p. 33
[3]
From Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư:
姓蜀，諱泮。巴蜀人也。

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 钦定越史通鉴纲目/前编/卷之一
[4]
From Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục:
舊史：王姓蜀諱泮，巴蜀人也。

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 夢溪筆談/卷25
[5]
Taylor (1983), p. 19
[6]
Asian Perspectives, Volume 28, Issue 1 (1990), p. 36
[7]
Lee, Ki-baik: Walled-Town States and Confederated Kingdoms. The New History of Korea, page 16-17. Harvard University Press, 1984
[8]
사소 (娑蘇). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
[9]
Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 三國遺事/卷第五#仙桃聖母隨喜佛事Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the three Kingdoms), volume 5, clause 7.
神母本中國帝室之女。名娑蘇。早得神仙之術。歸止海東。久而不還。父皇寄書繫足云。隨鳶所止為家。蘇得書放鳶。飛到此山而止。遂來宅為地仙。故名西鳶山。神母久據茲山。鎮祐邦國。靈異甚多。〈Sacred mother was called SaSo and she was born in Chinese royal family. She got sacred power and came to Hae Dong (해동), lived there and stayed there for long time. Her tied a letter to the feet of kite and told her "Let's make a house where the kite stops". Once she read letter and release a kite, a kite flew to Mt. Seondo (West mountain of Gyeongju/慶州) and stopped there. She decided to live there and became Xian (仙) of the land. That mountain was named as West Kite mountain and Sacred mother of SaSo stayed there as her base for quite long time and rule the country. There are a lot of miracles around that mountain as well.〉

其始到辰韓也。生聖子為東國始君。蓋赫居閼英二聖之所自也。故稱雞龍雞林白馬等。雞屬西故也。嘗使諸天仙織羅。緋染作朝衣。贈其夫。國人因此始知神驗。〈She came to Jinhan confederacy at beginning, gave birth for sacred children and became first king of East country. Probably those children were Aryeong and Hyeokgeose of Silla. That's why they are called as Gye-Nong (계농), Gye-Rim (계림), Baek-Ma (백마) and so on. This is because Gye (계) belongs to west side. One day, SaSo make fairy of heavens to weave silk cloth, dyed in scarlet and made Korean garment. She sent this garment to her husband. This was the first time for people in the country to know her miracle.〉
[10]
National Institute of Korean History. 三國史記卷第二十八百濟本紀第六. National Institute of Korean HistoryDatabase.
[11]
National Institute of Korean History. 三國史記卷第十八髙句麗本紀第六. National Institute of Korean HistoryDatabase.
[12]
한국인문고전연구소 원문과 함께 읽는 삼국사기 의자왕 義慈王. 한국인문고전연구소.
[13]
한국인문고전연구소 원문과 함께 읽는 삼국사기 광개토왕 廣開土王. 한국인문고전연구소.
[14]
Jin Guanglin [in Japanese] (2014). "A Comparison of the Korean and Japanese Approaches to Foreign Family Names" (PDF). Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia. 5: 30 – via Society for Cultural Interaction in East Asia.
[15]
p. 94. Remco Breuker. Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170.
[16]
Brown, Ju; Brown, John (2006). China, Japan, Korea: Culture and Customs. Ju Brown. p. 92. ISBN 9781438109961.
[17]
Tucker, Jonathan (2015). The Silk Road - China and the Karakorum Highway: A Travel Companion. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780857739339.
[18]
Higham, Charles (2014). Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. Infobase. p. 65. ISBN 9781438109961.
[19]
Taylor (1983), p. 135
[20]
Walker (2012), p. 134 East Asia: A New History, p. 134, at Google Books
[21]
Catino (2010), p. 142 The Aggressors: Ho Chi Minh, North Vietnam, and the Communist Bloc, p. 142, at Google Books
[22]
Kohn (2006), p. 308 Dictionary of Wars, p. 320, at Google Books
[23]
Coedès (1966), pp. 45–46 The Making of South East Asia at Google Books
[24]
Lockhart (2010), p. 221 The A to Z of Vietnam, p. 221, at Google Books
[25]
West (2009), p. 870 Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, p. 870, at Google Books
[26]
장, 덕순 (1995). 고려국조신화(高麗國祖神話). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
[27]
高雲基. 韓国の中世における女性: 13世紀の文献資料を中心に (PDF). 慶應義塾大学日吉紀要. 言語・文化・コミュニケーション No.27. 慶應義塾大学日吉紀要刊行委員会. p. 86.
[28]
Rogers, Michael C. "P'yŏnnyŏn T'ongnok: The Foundation Legend of the Koryŏ State." Journal of Korean Studies, vol. 4, 1982, p. 3-72. Project MUSE, https://doi.org/10.1353/jks.1982.0005. QUOTE: "Very different was the reaction of the scholars of the early Yi who compiled the Koryŏ-sa. They contemptuously dismiss the story, commenting that whether applied to Su-tsung or to Hsüan-tsung it was no more than a specious product of Sŏn records, hence unworthy of credence. (p. 43-44)
[29]
Le Minh Khai (Liam Kelley Professor of Vietnam History at University of Hawaii at Manoa) (7 September 2013). The Stranger Kings of the Lý and Trần Dynasties. Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
[30]

Dream Pool Essays volume 25 Classical Chinese :桓死、安南大亂、久無酋長。其後國人共立閩人李公蘊為主。 — 夢溪筆談卷25 Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 夢溪筆談/卷25
[31]
(in Chinese) 千年前泉州人李公蕴越南当皇帝越南史上重要人物之一
[32]
(in Chinese) 两安海人曾是安南皇帝有关专家考证李公蕴、陈日煚籍属晋江安海
[33]
Lynn Pan (1998). The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas. Harvard University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0674252101.
[34]
(in Vietnamese) Origin of Lý Thái Tổ
[35]
"Ethnic origin of Kinh in Vietnam".
[36]
"Ham sắc, Tô Trung Từ tự hại mình". Retrieved 2017-09-03.
[37]
"Nhà Trần khởi nghiệp". Retrieved 2017-09-03.
[38]
Minahan, James (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. Abc-Clio. p. 406. ISBN 9781610699549.
[39]
Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 9780521663694.
[40]
K. W. Taylor (9 May 2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-521-87586-8.
[41]
Kenneth R. Hall (2008). Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400-1800. Lexington Books. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-0-7391-2835-0.
[42]
Trần, Xuân Sinh (2003). Thuyết Trần. p. 403. ...Quý Ly claims Hồ's ancestor to be Mãn the Duke Hồ [Man, Duke Hu], founding meritorious general of the Chu dynasty, king Ngu Thuấn's [king Shun of Yu] descendant, created his country's name Đại Ngu...
[43]
Trần, Trọng Kim (1919). "I.III.XI.". Việt Nam sử lược. Vol. I. Quí Ly deposed Thiếu-đế, but respected [the relationship] that he [Thiếu Đế] was his [Quí Ly's] grandson, only demoted him to prince Bảo-ninh 保寧大王, and claimed himself [Quí Ly] the Emperor, changing his surname to Hồ 胡. Originally the surname Hồ [胡 Hu] were descendants of the surname Ngu [虞 Yu] in China, so Quí Ly created a new name for his country Đại-ngu 大虞.
[44]
14th century Zheng He and the Huaqiao Policy 郑和的国家观与"华侨政策" Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine (in Chinese)
[45]
Leo Suryadinata, International Zheng He Society, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies - 2005 - History - 168 pages
[46]
Bruce McFarland Lockhart, William J. Duiker Historical dictionary of Vietnam 2006 Page 228 "Mạc Cửu (1655–1736) A Chinese immigrant who established his family in the Hà Tiên area of the Mekong Delta. ... he threw in his lot with the Vietnamese"
[47]
Bruce M. Lockhart; William J. Duiker (27 February 2006). Historical Dictionary of Vietnam. Scarecrow Press. pp. 228–. ISBN 978-0-8108-6505-1.
[48]
Woodside 1971, p. 8.
[49]
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[50]
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[51]
Leo Suryadinata (2011). Migration, Indigenization and Interaction: Chinese Overseas and Globalization. World Scientific. pp. 237–. ISBN 978-981-4365-91-8.
[52]
Thomas M. McKenna (10 August 1998). Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines. University of California Press. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-520-91964-8.
[53]
James R. Arnold (26 July 2011). The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine Jungle, 1902-1913. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 132–. ISBN 978-1-60819-024-9.
[54]
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[55]
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[59]
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[60]
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[61]
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[Minorities-1] Including those of non-Han ethnicities with ancestral homes in Greater China.

[Shennong-2] [1]
Vu, Hong Lien (2016). Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781780237046.

[3] [2]
Ilyon, Samguk Yusa, translated by T. Ha & G. Mintz (1997), Yonsei University Press, p. 33

[4] [3]
From Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư:
姓蜀，諱泮。巴蜀人也。

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 钦定越史通鉴纲目/前编/卷之一

[5] [4]
From Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục:
舊史：王姓蜀諱泮，巴蜀人也。

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 夢溪筆談/卷25

[6] [5]
Taylor (1983), p. 19

[7] [6]
Asian Perspectives, Volume 28, Issue 1 (1990), p. 36

[8] [7]
Lee, Ki-baik: Walled-Town States and Confederated Kingdoms. The New History of Korea, page 16-17. Harvard University Press, 1984

[9] [8]
사소 (娑蘇). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.

[10] [9]
Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 三國遺事/卷第五#仙桃聖母隨喜佛事Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the three Kingdoms), volume 5, clause 7.
神母本中國帝室之女。名娑蘇。早得神仙之術。歸止海東。久而不還。父皇寄書繫足云。隨鳶所止為家。蘇得書放鳶。飛到此山而止。遂來宅為地仙。故名西鳶山。神母久據茲山。鎮祐邦國。靈異甚多。〈Sacred mother was called SaSo and she was born in Chinese royal family. She got sacred power and came to Hae Dong (해동), lived there and stayed there for long time. Her tied a letter to the feet of kite and told her "Let's make a house where the kite stops". Once she read letter and release a kite, a kite flew to Mt. Seondo (West mountain of Gyeongju/慶州) and stopped there. She decided to live there and became Xian (仙) of the land. That mountain was named as West Kite mountain and Sacred mother of SaSo stayed there as her base for quite long time and rule the country. There are a lot of miracles around that mountain as well.〉

其始到辰韓也。生聖子為東國始君。蓋赫居閼英二聖之所自也。故稱雞龍雞林白馬等。雞屬西故也。嘗使諸天仙織羅。緋染作朝衣。贈其夫。國人因此始知神驗。〈She came to Jinhan confederacy at beginning, gave birth for sacred children and became first king of East country. Probably those children were Aryeong and Hyeokgeose of Silla. That's why they are called as Gye-Nong (계농), Gye-Rim (계림), Baek-Ma (백마) and so on. This is because Gye (계) belongs to west side. One day, SaSo make fairy of heavens to weave silk cloth, dyed in scarlet and made Korean garment. She sent this garment to her husband. This was the first time for people in the country to know her miracle.〉

[National_Institute_of_Korean_History1-11] [10]
National Institute of Korean History. 三國史記卷第二十八百濟本紀第六. National Institute of Korean HistoryDatabase.

[National_Institute_of_Korean_History2-12] [11]
National Institute of Korean History. 三國史記卷第十八髙句麗本紀第六. National Institute of Korean HistoryDatabase.

[한국인문고전연구소1-13] [12]
한국인문고전연구소 원문과 함께 읽는 삼국사기 의자왕 義慈王. 한국인문고전연구소.

[한국인문고전연구소2-14] [13]
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