This is a historical list dealing with women scientists in the 20th century. During this time period, women working in scientific fields were rare. Women at this time faced barriers in higher education and often denied access to scientific institutions; in the Western world, the first-wave feminist movement began to break down many of these barriers.
Marie Curie, 1867–1934, two time Nobel Laureate
Margaret Mead Heloísa Alberto Torres (1895 – 1977), Brazilian anthropologist and museum directorKatharine Bartlett (1907–2001), American physical anthropologist, museum curator Ruth Benedict (1887–1948), American anthropologistAnna Bērzkalne (1891–1956), Latvian folklorist and ethnographer Alicia Dussán de Reichel (1920–2023), Colombian anthropologistDina Dahbany-Miraglia (born 1938), American Yemini linguistic anthropologist, educatorBertha P. Dutton (1903–1994), anthropologist and ethnologistPhebe Fjellström (1924–2007), Swedish ethnologistHelen Groger-Wurm (1921–2005), Austrian-born Australian ethnologistZora Neale Hurston (1891–1960), American folklorist and anthropologistNadine Ivanitzky (1874-1919) Ukrainian (Soviet) sociologist and cultural anthropologistMarjorie F. Lambert (1908–2006), American archeologist and anthropologist who studied Southwestern Puebloan peoplesDorothea Leighton (1908–1989), American social psychiatrist, founded the field of medical anthropologyKatharine Luomala (1907–1992), American anthropologistMargaret McArthur (1919–2002), Australian anthropologist, nutritionist and educatorMargaret Mead (1901–1978), American anthropologistGrete Mostny (1914–1991), Austrian-born-Chilean anthropologist and archaeologistMiriam Tildesley (1883–1979), British anthropologistMildred Trotter (1899–1991), American forensic anthropologistCamilla Wedgwood (1901–1955), British/Australian anthropologistAlba Zaluar (1942–2019), Brazilian anthropologist specializing in urban anthropology
Birgit Arrhenius Sonia Alconini (born 1965), Bolivian archaeologist of the Formative Period of the Lake Titicaca basinNiède Guidon (Born 1933), Brazilian archaeologistBirgit Arrhenius (born 1932), Swedish archaeologistDorothea Bate (1878–1951), British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology Alex Bayliss British archaeologistCrystal Bennett (1918–1987), British archaeologist whose research focused on JordanZeineb Benzina Tunisian archeologistJole Bovio Marconi (1897–1986), Italian archaeologist and prehistorian Juliet Clutton-Brock (1933–2015), British zooarchaeologist who specialized in domestic animalsDorothy Charlesworth (1927–1981), British archaeologist and expert on Roman glass Lily Chitty (1893–1979), British archaeologist who specialized in the prehistoric history of Wales and the west of England Mary Kitson Clark (1905–2005), British archaeologist best known for her work on the Roman-British in Northern EnglandBryony Coles (born 1946), British prehistoric archaeologistAlana Cordy-Collins (1944–2015), American archaeologist specializing in Peruvian prehistoryRosemary Cramp (born 1929), British archaeologist whose research focuses on Anglo-Saxons in BritainJoan Breton Connelly American classical archaeologist Margaret Conkey (born 1943), American archaeologistHester A. Davis (1930–2014), American archaeologist who was instrumental in establishing public policy and ethical standards Frederica de Laguna (1906–2004), American archaeologist best known for her work on the archaeology of the Pacific Northwest and AlaskaKelly Dixon , American archaeologist specializing in the American West Janette Deacon (born 1939), South African archaeologist specializing in rock art conservationElizabeth Eames (1918–2008), British archaeologist who was an expert on medieval tilesAnabel Ford (born 1951), American archaeologistAileen Fox (1907–2005), British archaeologist known excavating prehistoric and Roman sites throughout the United KingdomAlison Frantz (1903–1995), American archaeological photographer and Byzantine scholarHonor Frost (1917–2010), Turkish archaeologist who specialized in underwater archaeology Perla Fuscaldo (born 1941), Argentine egyptologist Elizabeth Baldwin Garland , American archaeologistKathleen K. Gilmore (1914–2010), American archaeologist known for her research in Spanish colonial archaeologyDorothy Garrod (1892–1968), British archaeologist who specialized in the Palaeolithic periodRoberta Gilchrist (born 1965), Canadian archaeologist specializing in medieval BritainMarija Gimbutas (1921–1994), Lithuanian archaeologist (Kurgan hypothesis )Hetty Goldman (1881–1972), American archaeologist and one of the first female archaeologists to conduct excavations in the Middle East and GreeceAudrey Henshall (born 1927), British archaeologist and prehistorianCorinne Hofman (born 1959), Dutch archaeologistCynthia Irwin-Williams (1936–1990), American archaeologist of the prehistoric SouthwestWilhelmina Feemster Jashemski (1910–2007), American archaeologist who specialized in the ancient site of PompeiMargaret Ursula Jones (1916–2001), British archaeologist best known for directing Britain's largest archaeological excavation at Mucking , EssexRosemary Joyce (born 1956), American archaeologist who uncovered chocolate's archaeological record and studies Honduran pre-historyKathleen Kenyon (1906–1978), British archaeologist known for her research on the Neolothic culture in Egypt and MesopotamiaAlice Kober (1906–1950), American classical archaeologist best known for her research that led to the deciphering of Linear BKristina Killgrove (born 1977), American bioarchaeologistWinifred Lamb (1894–1963), British archaeologistMary Leakey (1913–1996), British archaeologist known for discovering Proconsul remains which are now believed to be human's ancestorLi Liu (archaeologist) (born 1953), Chinese-American archaeologist specializing in Neolithic and Bronze Age ChinaAnna Marguerite McCann (1933–2017), American archaeologist known for her work in underwater archaeologyIsabel McBryde (born 1934), Australian archaeologistBetty Meehan (born 1933), Australian anthropologist and archaeologistAudrey Meaney (born 1931), British archaeologist and expert on Anglo-Saxon EnglandMargaret Murray (1863–1963), British-Indian Egyptologist and the first woman to be appointed a lecturer in archaeology in the United KingdomBertha Parker Pallan (1907–1978), American archaeologist known for being the first female Native American archaeologistTatiana Proskouriakoff (1909–1985), Russian-American archaeologist who contributed significantly to deciphering the Maya hieroglyphsCharlotte Roberts (born 1957), British bioarchaeologistMargaret Rule (1928–2015), British archaeologist led the excavation of the Tudor Warship Mary Rose Elisabeth Ruttkay (1926–2009), Austrian Neolithic and Bronze Age specialistHanna Rydh (1891–1964), Swedish archaeologist and prehistorianElizabeth Slater (1946–2014), British archaeologist who specialized in archaeometallurgy Julie K. Stein , Researches prehistoric humans in the Pacific NorthwestHoang Thi Than (born 1944), Vietnamese geological engineer and archaeologistBirgitta Wallace (born 1944), Swedish–Canadian archaeologist whose research focuses on Norse migration to North AmericaZheng Zhenxiang (born 1929), Chinese archaeologist and Bronze Age specialist
Claudia Alexander (1959–2015), American planetary scientist Beatriz Barbuy (Born 1950) Brazilian astrophysicistMary Adela Blagg (1858–1944), British astronomerMary Brück (1925–2008), Irish astronomer, astrophysicist , science historian Margaret Burbidge (1919–2020), British astrophysicistJocelyn Bell Burnell (born 1943), Northern Irish-British astrophysicistAnnie Jump Cannon (1863–1941), American astronomerJanine Connes , French astronomer[1] A. Grace Cook (1887–1958), British astronomerHeather Couper (1949–2020), British astronomer (astronomy popularisation, science education)Joy Crisp , American planetary scientistNancy Crooker (born 1944), American space physicist Sandra Faber (born 1944), American astronomer[2] Joan Feynman (1927–2020), American space physicistPamela Gay (born 1973), American astronomerVera Fedorovna Gaze (1899–1954), Russian astronomer (planet 2388 Gase and Gaze Crater on Venus are named for her)Julie Vinter Hansen (1890–1960), Danish astronomerMartha Haynes (born 1951), American astronomerLisa Kaltenegger , Austrian/American astronomerDorothea Klumpke (1861–1942), American-born astronomerHenrietta Leavitt (1868–1921), American astronomer (periodicity of variable stars)Evelyn Leland (c.1870–c.1930), American astronomer working at the Harvard College Observatory Priyamvada Natarajan , Indian/American astrophysicistCarolyn Porco (born 1953), American planetary scientistCecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900–1978), British-American astronomerRuby Payne-Scott (1912–1981), Australian radio astronomer Vera Rubin (1928–2016), American astronomer[3] Charlotte Moore Sitterly (1898–1990), American astronomerJill Tarter (born 1944), American astronomerBeatrice Tinsley (1941–1981), New-Zealand astronomer and cosmologist
Barbara McClintock Johanna Döbereiner (born 1924), Brazilian pioneer in soil biologyWilhelmine Key (1872-1955), American geneticist Effa Muhse (1877-1968), American biologistNora Lilian Alcock (1874–1972), British plant pathologistAlice Alldredge (born 1949), American oceanographer and researcher of marine snow , discover of Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) and demersal hellonJune Almeida (1930–2007), British virologist E. K. Janaki Ammal (1897–1984), Indian botanistLena Clemmons Artz (1891–1976), American botanistVandika Ervandovna Avetisyan (born 1928), Armenian botanist and mycologist Denise P. Barlow (1950–2017), British geneticist Yvonne Barr (1932–2016), British virologist (co-discovery of Epstein-Barr virus )Lela Viola Barton (1901–1967), American botanistKathleen Basford (1916–1998), British botanistGillian Bates (born 1956), British geneticist (Huntington's disease)Val Beral (born 1946), British–Australian epidemiologistGrace Berlin (1897–1982), American ecologist, ornithologist and historianAgathe L. van Beverwijk (1907–1963), Dutch mycologistGladys Black (1909–1998), American ornithologistIdelisa Bonnelly (born 1931), Dominican Republic marine biologistAlice Middleton Boring (1883–1955), American biologistAnnette Frances Braun (1911–1968), American entomologist, expert on microlepidopteraVictoria Braithwaite (1967–2019), British biologist and ichthyologist.Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American neuroscientist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 for olfactory receptors)Hildred Mary Butler (1906–1975), Australian microbiologistEsther Byrnes (1867–1946), American biologist and science teacherBertha Cady (1873–1956), American entomologist and educatorAudrey Cahn (1905–2008), Australian microbiologist and nutritionistTarsy Carballas (born 1934), Spanish agrarian scientistEleanor Carothers (1882–1957), American zoologist, geneticist and cytologistRachel Carson (1907–1964), American marine biologist and conservationistEdith Katherine Cash (1890–1992), American mycologist and lichenologistAnn Chapman (1937–2009), New-Zealand biologist and limnologistMartha Chase (1927–2003), American molecular biologistMary-Dell Chilton (born 1939), American molecular biologistAugusta Christie-Linde (1870–1953), Swedish zoologistTheresa Clay (1911–1995), English entomologistEdith Clements (1874–1971), American botanist and pioneer of botanical ecologyElzada Clover (1897–1980), American botanistGerty Theresa Cori (1896–1957), American biochemist (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947)Suzanne Cory (born 1942), Australian immunologist/cancer researcherUrsula M. Cowgill (1927–2015), American biologist and anthropologistEllinor Catherine Cunningham van Someren (1915–1988), British medical entomologistJanet Darbyshire , British epidemiologistGertrude Crotty Davenport (1866–1946), American zoologist and eugenicistNina Demme (1902–1977), Russian arctic explorer and ornithologistSophie Charlotte Ducker (1909–2004), Australian botanistSylvia Earle (born 1935), American marine biologist, oceanographer and explorerSophia Eckerson (1880–1954), American botanistSylvia Edlund (1945–2014), Canadian botanistCharlotte Elliott (1883–1974), American plant physiologistAlice Catherine Evans (1881-1975), American microbiologistVera Danchakoff (1879 – about 1950), Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist, "mother of stem cells"Rhoda Erdmann (1870–1935), German cell biologistKatherine Esau (1898–1997), German-American botanistEdna H. Fawcett (1879–1960), American botanistCatherine Feuillet (born 1965), French molecular biologist who was the first scientist to map the wheat chromosome 3BVictoria Foe (born 1945), American developmental biologist, and research professor at the University of Washington 's Center for Cell DynamicsDian Fossey (1932–1985), American zoologistFaith Fyles (1875–1961), Canada's first botanical artistBirutė Galdikas (born 1946), German primatologist and conservationistMargaret Sylvia Gilliland (1917–1990), Australian biochemistJane Goodall (born 1934), British biologist, primatologistIsabella Gordon (1901–1988), Scottish marine biologistSusan Greenfield (born 1950), British neurophysiologist (neurophysiology of the brain, popularisation of science)Charlotte Elliott (1883–1974), American plant physiologistConstance Endicott Hartt (1900–1984), American botanistEliza Amy Hodgson (1888–1983), New-Zealand botanistLena B. Smithers Hughes (1905–1987), American botanist, developed strains of the Valencia orangeMaria Isabel Hylton Scott (1889–1990), Argentine zoologist and malacologistEva Jablonka (born 1952), Polish/Israeli biologist and philosopherAnnMari Jansson (1934–2007), Swedish systems ecologistAdele Juda (1888–1949), Austrian neurologistMarian Koshland (1921–1997), American immunologistFrances Adams Le Sueur (1919–1995), British botanist and ornithologistMargaret Reed Lewis (1881–1970), American cell biologist and embryologistMaria Carmelo Lico (1927–1985), Brazilian neuroscientistGloria Lim (born 1930), Singaporean mycologist, first woman Dean of the Faculty of Science, University of Singapore Liliana Lubinska (1904–1990), Polish neuroscientistMarguerite Lwoff (1905–1979), French microbiologist and virologist Misha Mahowald (1963–1996), American neuroscientistIrene Manton (1904–1988), British botanist, cytologistLynn Margulis (1938–2011), American biologistDeborah Martin-Downs , Canadian aquatic biologist, ecologistBettie Sue Masters (born 1937), American biochemistSara Branham Matthews (1888–1962), American microbiologistMary MacArthur , Canadian food scientist, dehydration and freezing of fresh foodsBarbara McClintock (1902–1992), American geneticist, Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1983Eileen McCracken (1920–1988), Irish botanistRuth Colvin Starrett McGuire (1893–1950), American plant pathologistAnne McLaren (1927–2007), British developmental biologistEthel Irene McLennan (1891–1983), Australian botanistEunice Thomas Miner (1899–1993), American biologist, executive director of the New York Academy of Sciences 1939–1967Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012), Italian neurologist (Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1986 for growth factors)Marianne V. Moore (graduated 1975), aquatic ecologistAnn Haven Morgan (1882–1966), American zoologistAnn Nardulli (1948–2018), American endocrinologistMargaret Newton (1887–1971), Canadian plant phytopathologist and mycologist (pioneer in stem rust research)Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), German geneticist and developmental biologist (Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1995 forhomeobox genes)Ida Shepard Oldroyd (1856–1940), American conchologistDaphne Osborne (1930–2006), British plant physiologist (plant hormones)Janina Oyrzanowska-Poplewska (1918–2001), Polish veterinarian and epizootiologistMary Parke (1908–1989), British marine botanist specialising in phycology, the study of algaeJane E. Parker (born 1960), British botanist who researches the immune responses of plantsRuth Myrtle Patrick (1907–2013), American botanist, limnologist, and pollution expertEva J. Pell (born 1948), American plant pathologistElisabet Petersson (1873–1919), Swedish zoologistTheodora Lisle Prankerd (1878–1939), British botanistIsabella Preston (1881–1965), Canadian ornamental plant breeder (botanist)Joan Beauchamp Procter (1897–1931), British zoologist (herpetologist)Ragna Rask-Nielsen (1900–1998), Danish biochemistJulie Hanta Razafimanahaka , Madagascar biologist, conservationistF. Gwendolen Rees (1906–1994), British parasitologistJytte Reichstein Nilsson (1932–2020), Danish protozoologistEvdokia Reshetnik (1903-1996), Ukrainian zoologist and discoverer of Ukraine's sandy blind mole-ratAnita Roberts (1942–2006), American molecular biologist, "mother of TGF-Beta"Edith A. Roberts (1881–1977), American botanist and plant ecology pioneerGudrun Ruud (1882–1958), Norwegian zoologist specializing in embryologyHazel Schmoll (1890–1990), American botanistEva Schönbeck-Temesy (1930–2011), Austrian botanist of Hungarian descentIdah Sithole-Niang (born 1957), biochemist focusing on cowpea production and diseaseFlorence Wells Slater (1864–1941), American entomologistMargaret A. Stanley , British virologist and epithelial biologistPhyllis Starkey (born 1947), British biochemist and medical researcherMagda Staudinger (Latvian : Magda Štaudingere ) (1902–1997), Latvian-German biologist and chemistSarah Stewart (1905–1976), Mexican American microbiologist (discovered the Polyomavirus)Ragnhild Sundby (1922–2006), Norwegian zoologistFelicitas Svejda (1920–2016), Canadian botanist (rose breeder)Maria Telkes (1900–1995), Hungarian-American biophysicistLois H. Tiffany (1924–2009), American mycologistAmelia Tonon (1899–1961), Italian entomologistLydia Villa-Komaroff (born 1947), Mexican American molecular cellular biologistKaren Vousden (born 1957), British cancer researcherElisabeth Vrba (born 1942), South-African paleontologistMarvalee Wake (born 1939), American biologist researching limbless amphibians, educatorErna Walter (1893–1992), German botanistGerharda Wilbrink (1875–1962), Dutch plant pathologistJane C. Wright (1919–2013), American oncologistKono Yasui (1880–1971), Japanese cytologistEleanor Anne Young (1925–2007), American nutritionist and educatorMary Sophie Young (1872–1919), American botanistJennie L. S. Simpson (1894 –1977), Canadian-American botanist and geneticist
Alice Ball Pauline Ramart (1880–1953), French chemist and politicianMaria Abbracchio (born 1956), Italian pharmacologist who works with purinergic receptors and identified GPR17. On Reuter's most-cited list since 2006.Marian Ewurama Addy (1942–2014), Ghanaian biochemist, specializing in herbal medicine; first woman in Ghana to attain the rank of full professor in the natural sciences; winner of the UNESCO Kalinga Prize in 1999Barbara Askins (born 1939), American chemistKarin Aurivillius (1920–1982), Swedish chemist and crystallographerAlice Ball (1892–1916), American chemistUlrike Beisiegel (born 1952), German biochemist, researcher of liver fats and first female president of the University of GöttingenAnne Beloff-Chain (1921–1991), British biochemistJeannette Brown (born 1934), American medicinal chemist, writer, educatorAstrid Cleve (1875–1968), Swedish chemistSeetha Coleman-Kammula (born 1950), Indian chemist and plastics designer, turned environmentalistMaria Skłodowska-Curie (1867–1934), Polish-French chemist (pioneer in radiology, discovery of polonium and radium), Nobel prize in physics 1903 and Nobel prize in chemistry 1911Madeleine M. Joullié (born 1927), Brazilian organic chemistMary Campbell Dawbarn (1902–1982), Australian biochemistMoira Lenore Dynon (1920–1976), Australian chemistGertrude B. Elion (1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 for drug development)Claire E. Eyers (fl. 2004), British mass spectrometistNellie Ivy Fisher (1907–1995), London-born industrial chemist, first woman to lead a division of Kodak in AustraliaGwendolyn Wilson Fowler (1907–1997), American chemist and first licensed African American pharmacist in IowaRosalind Franklin (1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer[4] : 82–89 Ellen Gleditsch (1879–1968), Norwegian radiochemist[5] Jenny Glusker (born 1931), British biochemist, educatorEmīlija Gudriniece (1920–2004), Latvian chemist and academicFrances Mary Hamer (1894–1980), British chemist who specialized in photographic sensitization compoundsAnna J. Harrison (1912–1998), American organic chemistDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910–1994), British crystallographer,[4] : 75–81 Clara Immerwahr (1870–1915), German chemistAllene Jeanes (1906–1995), American chemical researcher who developed Dextran and Xanthan gum Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935Chika Kuroda (1884–1968), Japanese chemistStephanie Kwolek (1923–2014), American chemist, inventor of Kevlar Lidija Liepiņa (1891–1985), Latvian chemist, one of the first Soviet doctorates in chemistryKathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971), British crystallographer[4] : 71–74 Bodil Jerslev Lund (1919–2005), Danish chemist and pharmacistGrace Medes (1886–1967), American biochemistMaud Menten (1879–1960), Canadian biochemistChristina Miller (1899–2001), Scottish chemist, one of the first women elected to Royal Society of EdinburghCatherine J. Murphy (born 1964), American chemistMuriel Wheldale Onslow (1880–1932), British biochemistHelen T. Parsons (1886–1977), American biochemistNellie M. Payne (1900–1990), American entomologist and agricultural chemistEva Philbin (1914–2005), Irish chemistDarshan Ranganathan (1941–2001), Indian organic chemistMildred Rebstock (1919–2011), American pharmaceutical chemistElizabeth Rona (1890–1981), Hungarian (naturalized American), nuclear chemist and polonium expertPatsy Sherman (1930–2008), American chemist, co-inventor of Scotchgard Marija Šimanska (1922–1995), Latvian chemistTaneko Suzuki (1926–2020), Japanese biochemist who created Marinbeef , a product made of fish that tasted like beefIda Noddack Tacke (1896–1978), German chemist and physicistGrace Oladunni Taylor (born 1937), Nigerian chemist 2nd woman inducted into the Nigerian Academy of ScienceJean Thomas (born 1942), British biochemist (chromatin)Michiyo Tsujimura (1888–1969), Japanese biochemist, agricultural scientistJoanna Maria Vandenberg (born 1938), Dutch solid state chemist and crystallographerElizabeth Williamson , English pharmacologist and herbalistAda Yonath (born 1939), Israeli crystallographer, Nobel prize in Chemistry 2009Daisy Yen Wu (1902–1993), first Chinese woman to work as a biochemist
Inge Lehmann in 1932 Mária Mottl (1906 – 1980), Hungarian speleologist and vertebrate paleontologistMathilde Dolgopol de Sáez (1901 – 1957), Argentinian vertebrate paleontologistRosaly Lopes (born 1957), Brazilian planetary geologist,volcanologistZonia Baber (1862–1955), American geographer and geologistTove Birkelund (1928=1986), Danish historical geologistKaren Callisen (1882–1970), Danish geologistInés Cifuentes (1954–2014), American seismologist and educatorMoira Dunbar (1918–1999), Scottish-Canadian glaciologistElizabeth F. Fisher (1872–1941), American geologistRegina Fleszarowa (1888–1969), Polish geologistFrances Gamble (1942-1997), South-African speleologist and climatologistWinifred Goldring (1888–1971), American paleontologistEileen Hendriks (1887–1978), British geologistRosemary Hutton (1925-2004, Scottish geophysicist and pioneer of magnetotellurics Edith Kristan-Tollmann (1934–1995), Austrian geologist and paleontologistDorothée Le Maître (1896–1990), French paleontologistKaren Cook McNally (1940–2014), American seismologistInge Lehmann (1888–1993), Danish seismologist who discovered Earth's solid inner coreMarcia McNutt (born 1951), American geophysicistEllen Louise Mertz (1896–1987), Danish engineering geologistRuth Schmidt (1916–2014), American geologistEthel Shakespear (1871–1946), English geologistKathleen Sherrard (1898–1975), Australian geologist and palaeontologistEthel Skeat (1865–1939), English paleontologist and geologistMarjorie Sweeting (1920–1994), British geomorphologistMarie Tharp (1920–2006), American geologist and oceanographic cartographerElsa G. Vilmundardóttir (1932–2008), Iceland's first female geologistMarguerite Williams (1895–1991), American geologistAlice Wilson (1881–1964), Canadian geologist and paleontologistElizabeth A. Wood (1912–2006), American crystallographer and geologist
Grace Hopper, computer scientist Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854–1923), British mathematician and electrical engineer (electric arcs, sand ripples, invention of several devices, geometry)Cecilia Berdichevsky (1925–2010), Argentinian pioneering computer scientistAnita Borg (1949–2003), American computer scientist, founder of the Institute for Women and TechnologyCarolina Araujo , Brazilian mathematicianMary L. Cartwright (1900–1998), British mathematician[6] Amanda Chessell , British computer scientistIngrid Daubechies (born 1954), Belgian mathematician (Wavelets – first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics)Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa (1876–1964), Russian/Dutch mathematicianDeborah Estrin (born 1959), American computer scientistVera Faddeeva (Russian: Вера Николаевна Фаддеева ) (1906–1983), Russian mathematician. One of the first to publish works on linear algebra.Shafi Goldwasser (born 1959), American-Israel computer scientistEvelyn Boyd Granville (1924–2023), American mathematician, second African-American woman to get a PhD in mathematicsMarion Cameron Gray (1902–1979), Scottish mathematicianBarbara Grosz (born 1948), American computer scientist; 1993 President of the AAAIMilly Koss (1928–2012), American computing pioneerBryna Kra (born 1966), American mathematicianMargaret Hamilton (born 1936), American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business ownerFrances Hardcastle (1866–1941),English mathematician, founding member of the American Mathematical Society[7] Julia Hirschberg , American computer scientist and computational linguistBetty Holberton (1927–2001), American computer programmerGrace Hopper (1906–1992), American computer scientistSandra Hutchins (b. 1946), American computer scientistsMargarete Kahn (1880–1942), German mathematicianLyudmila Keldysh (1904–1976), Russia mathematician known for set theory and geometric topologyMarta Kwiatkowska (born 1957), Polish-British Computer scientistMarguerite Lehr (1898–1987), American mathematicianMargaret Anne LeMone (born 1946), American mathematician and atmospheric scientistBarbara Liskov (born 1939), American computer scientist for whom the Liskov substitution principle is namedMargaret Millington (1944–1973), English mathematicianMangala Narlikar (graduated 1962), Indian mathematicianKlara Dan von Neumann (1911–1963), Hungarian computer scientistFrances Northcutt (born 1943), American engineerRózsa Péter (1905–1977), Hungarian mathematicianCicely Popplewell (1920–1995), British software engineer, 1960sKaren Sparck Jones (1935–2007), British computer scientistDorothy Vaughan (1910–2008), American mathematician, worked at NACA's Langley Memorial Aeronautical LaboratoryDorothy Maud Wrinch (1894–1976), British mathematician and theoretical biochemistJeannette Wing (born 1956), American computer scientist, Microsoft Corporate Vice PresidentMaryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017), Iranian mathematician, first female recipient of the Fields medal Karen Uhlenbeck (born 1942), American mathematician and founder of modern geometric analysis
Mexican civil engineer, Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza (1893–1985)
Zhenan Bao (born 1970), American chemical engineer and materials scientistFrances Bradfield (1896–1967), British aeronautical engineerIsabel Escobar , Brazilian EngineerJayne Bryant , engineering director for BAE SystemsNance Dicciani (born 1947), American chemical engineerAna María Flores (born 1952), Bolivian engineerKate Gleason (1865–1933), American engineerIda Holz (born 1935), Uruguayan engineerFrances Hugle (1927–1968), American engineerMarianne Kärrholm (1921–2018), Swedish chemical engineerJulia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge (born 1954), British engineerElsie MacGill (1907–1980), Canadian First Canadian female engineerFlorence Violet McKenzie (1890 or 1892–1982), first female electrical engineer in AustraliaConcepción Mendizábal Mendoza (1893–1985), Mexican first female civil engineer in MexicoMaria Tereza Jorge Pádua (born 1943), Brazilian ecologistKatharina Paulus (1868–1953), German aeronautMolly Shoichet , Canadian biomedical engineerLaura Anne Willson (1877–1942), British engineer and suffragettePaula T. Hammond (born 1963), American chemical engineer and material scientist
Phyllis Margery Anderson (1901–1957), Australian pathologistCelina Turchi , Brazilian epidemiologistVirginia Apgar (1909–1974), American obstetrical anesthesiologist (inventor of the Apgar score )Heather Ashton (1929–2019), English psychopharmacologistAnna Baetjer (1899–1984), American physiologist and toxicologistRoberta Bondar (born 1945), Canadian, space medicineDorothy Lavinia Brown (1919–2004), American surgeonAudrey Cahn (1905–2008), Australian nutritionist and microbiologistMargaret Chan (born 1947), Chinese-Canadian health administrator; director of the World Health OrganizationEvelyn Stocking Crosslin (1919–1991), American physicianEleanor Davies-Colley (1874–1934), British surgeon (first female FRCS)Nina Einhorn (1923–2002), Polish-born Swedish oncologistClaire Fagin (1926–2024), American health-care researcherAdriana Fiorentini (1926–2016), Italian physiologistSophia Getzowa (1872–1946), Belarusian-Israeli pathologistEsther Greisheimer (1891–1982), American academic and medical researcherL. Ruth Guy (1913–2006), American academic and pathologistJanina Hurynowicz (1894–1967), Polish doctor, neurophysiologist, resistance memberKaren C. Johnson (born 1955), American physician and clinical trials specialist who is one of Reuter's most cited scientistsKrista Kostial-Šimonović (1923–2018), Croatian physiologist and heavy metals expertMary Jeanne Kreek (1937–2021), American neurobiologistElise L'Esperance (1878–1958), American pathologistElaine Marjory Little (1884–1974), Australian pathologistAnna Suk-Fong Lok , Chinese/American hepatologist, wrote WHO and AASLD guidelines for emerging countries and liver diseaseEleanor Josephine Macdonald (1906–2007), American pioneer cancer epidemiologist and cancer researcherCatharine Macfarlane (1877–1969), American obstetrician and gynecologistCharlotte E. Maguire (1918—2014), Florida pediatrician and medical school benefactorLouisa Martindale (1872–1966), British surgeonHelen Mayo (1878–1967), Australian doctor and pioneer in preventing infant mortalityFrances Gertrude McGill (1882–1959), Canadian forensic pathologistEleanor Montague (1926–2018), American radiologist and radiotherapistAnne B. Newman (born 1955), US Geriatrics & Gerontology expertAntonia Novello (born 1944), Puerto-Rican physician and Surgeon General of the United StatesDorothea Orem (1914–2007), American Nursing theoristIda Ørskov (1922–2007), Danish bacteriologistMay Owen (1892–1988), Texas pathologist, discovered talcum powder used on surgical gloves caused infection and peritoneal scarringAngeliki Panajiotatou (1875–1954), Greek physician and microbiologistKathleen I. Pritchard (born 1956), Canadian oncologist, breast cancer researcher and noted as one of Reuter's most cited scientistsFrieda Robscheit-Robbins (1888–1973), German-American pathologistOra Mendelsohn Rosen (1935–1990), American medical researcherUna Ryan (born 1941), Malaysian born-American, heart disease researcher, biotech vaccine and diagnostics maker/marketerUna M. Ryan (born 1966), patented DNA test identifying the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium Velma Scantlebury (born 1955), Bajan-American first woman of African descent to become a transplant surgeon in the U.S.Lise Thiry (1921–2024), Belgian virologist, senatorHelen Rodríguez Trías (1929–2001), Puerto-Rican American pediatrician and advocate for women's reproductive rightsStina Stenhagen (1916–1973), Swedish biochemistMarie Stopes (1880–-1958), British paleobotanist and pioneer in birth controlElizabeth M. Ward , American epidemiologist and head of the Epidemiology and Surveillance Research Department of the American Cancer SocietyHazel Hitson Weidman (born 1923), American medical anthropologistElsie Widdowson (1908–2000), British nutritionistFiona Wood (born 1958), British-Australian plastic surgeon
Maria Goeppert-Mayer Marietta Blau (1894–1970), German experimental particle physicistLili Bleeker (1897–1985), Dutch physicistMárcia Barbosa , Brazilian physicistKatharine Blodgett (1898–1979), American thin-film physicist[10] Christiane Bonnelle (–2016), French spectroscopist[11] Tatiana Birshtein (born 1928), Russian molecular scientist specializing in the physics of polymersMargrete Heiberg Bose (1866–1952), Danish physicist (active in Argentina from 1909)Jenny Rosenthal Bramley (1909–1997), Lithuanian-American physicist[12] [13] Harriet Brooks (1876–1933), Canadian radiation physicistA. Catrina Bryce (born 1956), Scottish laser scientistNina Byers (1930–2014), American physicist[14] Yvette Cauchois (1908–1999), French physicist[15] Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (born 1923), French theoretical physicist[16] Kwang Hwa Chung (born 1948), Korean physicist[17] Hilda Cid Araneda (20 February 1933), Chilean biophysicist who excelled in the field of crystallography Patricia Cladis (1937–2017), Canadian/American physicist[18] Esther Conwell (1922–2014), American physicist, semiconductors[19] Jane Dewey (1900–1979), American physicistCécile DeWitt-Morette (1922–2017), French mathematician and physicist[20] Louise Dolan (born 1950), American mathematical physicist, theoretical particle physics and superstring theoryNancy M. Dowdy (born 1938), American nuclear physicist, arms control[21] Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017), American physicist, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and low-dimensional thermoelectrics[22] Helen T. Edwards (1936–2016), American physicist, Tevatron [23] Magda Ericson (born 1929), French nuclear physicist[24] Edith Farkas (1921–1993), Hungarian-born-New-Zealand meteorologist who measured ozone levels[25] Joan Feynman (1927–2020), American physicist[26] Ursula Franklin (1921–2016), Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educatorJudy Franz (born 1938), American physicist and educator[27] Joan Maie Freeman (1918–1998), Australian physicistPhyllis S. Freier (1921–1992), American astrophysicist[28] Margrete Heiberg Bose (1866–1952), Danish/Argentine physicistEvans Hayward (1922–2020), American physicist[35] Caroline Herzenberg (born 1932), American physicist[36] Hanna von Hoerner (1942–2014), German astrophysicistHelen Schaeffer Huff (1883-1913), American physicistShirley Jackson (born 1946), American nuclear physicist, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT[37] Bertha Swirles Jeffreys (1903–1999), British physicist[38] Lorella M. Jones (1943–1995), American particle physicist Carole Jordan (born 1941), British solar physicistRenata Kallosh (born 1943), Russian/American theoretical physicist[39] Berta Karlik (1904–1990), Austrian physicist[40] Bruria Kaufman (1918–2010), American theoretical physicist[41] Elizaveta Karamihailova (1897–1968), Bulgarian nuclear physicistMarcia Keith (1859–1950), American physicist[42] Ann Kiessling (born 1942), American physicistMargaret G. Kivelson (born 1928),[43] Inge Lehmann (1888–1993), Danish seismologist and geophysicist[48] Kathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971), Irish crystallographer [49] Barbara Kegerreis Lunde (born 1937), American physicistMargaret Eliza Maltby (1860–1944), American physicist[50] Mileva Maric (1875–1948), Serbian physicist, first wife of Albert Einstein[51] Nina Marković , Croatian physicist and professorHelen Megaw (1907–2002), Irish crystallographer [52] Lise Meitner (1878–1968), Austrian nuclear physicist (pioneering nuclear physics, discovery of nuclear fission, protactinium, and the Auger effect)Kirstine Meyer (1861–1941)[53] Luise Meyer-Schutzmeister (1915–1981)[54] Anna Nagurney Canadian-born, US operations researcher/management scientist focusing on networksChiara Nappi , Italian American physicistAnn Nelson (1958–2019), American physicistMarcia Neugebauer (born 1932), American geophysicist[55] Gertrude Neumark (1927–2010)[56] Emmy Noether Edith Quimby (1891–1982)[62] Helen Quinn (born 1943), American particle physicist[63] Lisa Randall (born 1962), American physicistMyriam Sarachik (1933–2021), American physicist[64] Bice Sechi-Zorn (1928–1984), Italian/American nuclear physicist[65] Anneke Levelt Sengers (born 1929), Dutch physicist specializing in the critical states of fluidsHertha Sponer (1895–1968), German/American physicist and chemist[66] Isabelle Stone (1868–1944), American thin-film physicist and educator[67] Edith Anne Stoney (1869–1938), Anglo-Irish medical physicistNina Vedeneyeva (1882–1955), Russian geological physicist[68] Afërdita Veveçka Priftaj (1948–2017), Albanian physicist[69] Katharine Way (1903–1995), American nuclear physicist[70] Mariana Weissmann (born 1933), Argentine physicist, computational physics of condensed matterLucy Wilson (1888–1980), American physicist, working on optics and perceptionLeona Woods (1919–1986), American nuclear physicistChien-Shiung Wu (1912–1997), Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, [non-]conservation of parity)Sau Lan Wu , Chinese-American particle physicist[71] Xide Xie (Hsi-teh Hsieh ) (1921–2000), Chinese physicist[72]
Mary Ainsworth (1913–1999), American-Canadian developmental psychologist, inventor of the "Strange Situation" procedureMartha E. Bernal (1931–2001), Mexican-American clinical psychologist, first Latina to receive a psychology PhD in the United StatesNise da Silveira (1905–1999), Brazilian psychiatrist and mental health reformerLera Boroditsky , American psychologistLudmilla A.Chistovich (1924–2006), Russian speech scientistMamie Clark (1917–1983), African-American psychologist active in the civil rights movement Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959), American important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine[73] Tsuruko Haraguchi (1886–1915), Japanese psychologistMargaret Kennard (1899–1975), American pioneering researcher on age effects on brain damage, which produced early evidence for neuroplasticity Varia Kipiani (1879-1950/1965), pioneering Georgian (country) psychophysiologist who studied fatigue and child developmentGrace Manson (1893–1967), American occupational psychologistRosalie Rayner (1898–1935), American psychology researcher[74] Marianne Simmel (1923–2010), American psychologist, made important contributions in research on social perception and phantom limb[75] Davida Teller (1938–2011), American psychologist, known for work on development of the visual system in infants[76] [77] Nora Volkow (born 1956), Mexican-American psychiatrist, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Margo Wilson (1945–2009), Canadian evolutionary psychologistCatherine G. Wolf (1947–2018), American psychologist and expert in human-computer interaction
오, 정연 (6 February 2013). "기초과학지원연구원장에 정광화 충남대 대학원장" [ Chung Kwang-Hwa, President of the Graduate School of Chungnam National University] . Daejon Ilbo (in Korean). Daejeon. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020 . Desanka Trbuhovic-Gjuric (1988). Im Schatten Albert Einsteins: Das tragische Leben der Mileva Einstein-Maric . Verlag Paul Haupt Bern und Stuttgart. ISBN 3258039739 Duke, Carla; Fried, Stephen; Pliley, Wilma; Walker, Daley (August 1989). "Contributions to the history of psychology LIX: Rosalie Rayner Watson: The mother of a behaviorist's sons". Psychological Reports . 65 (1): 163–169. doi :10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.163 . S2CID 143025191 . Golomb, Claire (February–March 2012). "Marianne L. Simmel (1923-2010)". American Psychologist . 67 (2): 162. doi :10.1037/a0026289 .
Byers, Nina. "Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics" . UCLA. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013 . Herzenberg, Caroline L. (1986). Women scientists from antiquity to the present : an index : an international reference listing and biographical directory of some notable women scientists from ancient to modern times ISBN 0-933951-01-9 Howard, Sethanne (2006). The hidden giants . Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1430300762 Howes, Ruth H. ; Herzenberg, Caroline L. (1999). Their day in the sun : women of the Manhattan Project . Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press. ISBN 1-56639-719-7 Rayner-Canham, Marelene; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (2001). Women in chemistry : their changing roles from alchemical times to the mid-twentieth century ISBN 978-0941901277 Stevens, Gwendolyn; Gardner, Sheldon (1982). The women of psychology . Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman. ISBN 9780870734434 
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