List of birds of Hawaii
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This list of birds of Hawaii is a comprehensive listing of all the bird species seen naturally in the U.S. state of Hawaii as determined by Robert L. and Peter Pyle of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, and modified by subsequent taxonomic changes.[1][2]
The scope of this list encompasses the entire Hawaiian Islands chain, from Kure Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to the north, to the "Big Island" of Hawaii to the south. The list contains 337 species. Of them, 64 are or were endemic to the islands, 130 are vagrants and 52 were introduced by humans. Thirty-three of the 64 endemic species are extinct and two formerly established introduced species were extirpated. The list does not include introduced species that have not become established. An additional vagrant species has been added from another source.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).[2] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that native Hawaiian spelling is used where appropriate and the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
The following codes define the distribution and relative abundance of species on this list:
- (En) Endemic - a species either entirely confined to the Hawaiian Islands in its natural distribution, or a species whose breeding range is entirely confined to the Hawaiian Islands
- (V) Vagrant - a visitor that does not occur regularly
- (Xt) Extinct - "extinct or almost certainly extinct" per Pyle and Pyle
- (xd) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in Hawaii, but other populations still exist elsewhere
- (I) Introduced - established solely as result of human intervention with "a viable breeding population for at least 15 years" per Pyle and Pyle
Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[3] Except for endemic species, the symbols apply to the species' worldwide status, not their status solely in Hawaii or the status of listed Hawaiian subspecies. The symbols and their meanings, in increasing order of peril, are:
LC = least concern | NT = near threatened | VU = vulnerable |
EN = endangered | CR = critically endangered | EW = extinct in the wild |
EX = extinct |