Since the UNHRC's creation in 2006, it has resolved almost as many resolutions condemning Israel alone than on issues for the rest of the world combined. The 45 resolutions comprised almost half (45.9%) of all country-specific resolutions passed by the UNHRC, not counting those under Agenda Item 10 (countries requiring technical assistance).[1] From 1967 to 1989, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted 131 Security Council resolutions directly addressing the Arab–Israeli conflict. In early UNSC practice, resolutions did not directly invoke Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. They made an explicit determination of a threat, breach of the peace, or act of aggression, and ordered an action in accordance with Article 39 or 40. UNSC Resolution 54 determined that a threat to peace existed within the meaning of Article 39 of the Charter, reiterated the need for a truce, and ordered a ceasefire pursuant to Article 40 of the Charter. Although the phrase "Acting under Chapter VII" was never mentioned as the basis for the action taken, the chapter's authority was being used.[2]
11 December: Resolution 194: Establishes Conciliation Commission; protection of and free access to Jerusalem and other Holy Places; Resolves that the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible
1949:
11 May: Resolution 273: Admission of Israel to membership in the UN
14 December: Resolution 468: Reduces financing for an international regime in Jerusalem.
1952:
26 January: Resolution 512: Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine.
21 December: Resolution 619: "Takes note" of Israel's complaint against Arab ceasefire violations.
1956:
2 November: Resolution 997: Called for an immediate ceasefire in the Suez Crisis, an arms embargo on the area, and condemned Israel's participation in the conflict as a violation of the 1949 Israel-Egypt General Armistice Agreement.
4 November: Resolution 998: Called for the Secretary-General to submit a plan for a United Nations peacekeeping force to secure and supervise a ceasefire in the Suez Crisis.
4 November: Resolution 999: Reaffirmed UN General Assembly Resolution 997.
11 December: Resolution 2546: Condemns Israeli "violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms" in the occupied territories
1970:
4 November: Resolution 2628: Urges the speedy implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 242 and recognizes that "respect for the rights of the Palestinians is an indisputable element in the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East"
5 December: Resolution 2727: Calls on Israel to implement the recommendations of the UN special committee investigating Israeli practices in the occupied territories
15 December: Resolution 2728: Report of the Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices affecting the Human Rights of the population of the Occupied Territories.
1971:
6 December: Resolution 2792: UNRWA Report. Calls for the implementation of UN General Assembly Resolution 194, stresses the "inalienable rights of the people of Palestine", and calls on Israel to stop resettling the inhabitants of Palestinian refugee camps.
13 December: Resolution 2799: The Situation in the Middle East.
20 December: Resolution 2851: Report of the Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices affecting the Human Rights of the population of the Occupied Territories. Condemns Israeli practices in the occupied territories.
1972:
8 December: Resolution 2949: The Situation in the Middle East.
15 December: Resolution 3005: Report of the Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices affecting the Human Rights of the population of the Occupied Territories.
1973:
7 December: Resolution 3092: Report of the Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices affecting the Human Rights of the population of the Occupied Territories.
29 November: Resolution 3240: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
29 November: Resolution 3246: Affirms the legitimacy of armed resistance by oppressed peoples in pursuit of the right to self-determination, and condemns governments which do not support that right
9 December: Resolution 3263: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
17 December: Resolution 3336: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
1975:
30 October 28 November and 2 December: Resolution 3374: Financing of the UNEF and the UNDOF.
5 December: Resolution 3414: Calls for economic sanctions and an arms embargo on Israel until it withdraws from all territories occupied in 1967 and grants the Palestinians their "inalienable national rights".
11 December: Resolution 3474: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
15 December: Resolution 3516: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
15 December: Resolution 3525: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
1976:
9 November: Resolution 31/6-E: Condemnation of the collaboration of Israel and South Africa.
24 November: Resolution 31/20: Expresses deep concern that no "just solution" to the "problem of Palestine" has been achieved, refers to the problem as the core of the Middle East conflict, and reaffirms the "inalienable rights" of the Palestinians, including the right of return and the right to national independence.
1 December: Resolution 31/5: Financing of the UNEF and the UNDOF.
9 December: Resolution 31/61: Reaffirms previous condemnations of Israel, and calls for the Security Council to take "effective measures" against Israel, and requests sanctions on Israel.
9 December: Resolution 31/62: Calls for an international Middle East peace conference under the auspices of the UN and co-chaired by the United States and Soviet Union.
10 December: Resolution 31/71: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
16 December: Resolution 31/106: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Occupied Territories.
21 December: Resolution 31/186: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
1977:
25 October and 2 December: Resolution 32/4: Financing of the UNEF and the UNDOF.
28 October: Resolution 32/5: Reaffirms previous condemnations of Israel, and stresses the "urgent need" to achieve a "just and lasting peace in the Middle East".
25 November: Resolution 32/20: Reaffirms previous calls for a full Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and an international peace conference with PLO participation.
2 December: Resolution 32/40: Reaffirms the "inalienable rights of the Palestinian people", including the right to national sovereignty and the right of return.
12 December: Resolution 32/82: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
13 December: Resolution 32/91: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories. Calls on Israel to respect the Geneva Conventions
19 December: Resolution 32/161: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
1978:
3 November: Resolution 33/13: Financing of the UNEF and the UNDOF.
7 December: Resolution 33/29: Reaffirms previous calls for a full Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and an international peace conference with PLO participation.
14 December: Resolution 33/64: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
14 December: Resolution 33/71-A: Expressing concern over military build-up and attempts to acquire nuclear weapons of Israel. Calling for arms embargo against Israel.
18 December: Resolution 33/113: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
1979:
24 January: Resolution 33/183-D: Demanding that Israel terminate all form of collaboration with South Africa.
25 October 3 and 17 December: Resolution 34/7: Financing of the UNEF and the UNDOF.
6 December: Resolution 34/70: Reaffirms previous calls for a full Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and an international peace conference with PLO participation.
11 December: Resolution 34/77: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
12 December: Resolution 34/90: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
12 December: Resolution 34/93-P: Demanding that Israel terminate all forms of collaboration with South Africa.
14 December: Resolution 34/136: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
5 December: Resolution 35/110: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
11 December: Resolution 35/122: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
12 December: Resolution 35/147: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
16 December: Resolution 35/206-H: Demanding that Israel terminate all forms of collaboration with South Africa.
16 December: Resolution 35/207: Reaffirms previous calls for a full Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and the establishment of a Palestinian state.
9 December: Resolution 36/87: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
9 December: Resolution 36/98: Israeli nuclear armament. Demands that Israel renounce possession of nuclear weapons and submit its facilities to inspection.
16 December: Resolution 36/147: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
16 December: Resolution 36/150: Demands Israel to cease planning of a canal between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean.
17 December: Resolution 36/172-M: Demanding that Israel terminate all forms of collaboration with South Africa.
17 December: Resolution 36/173: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Arab territories.
17 December: UN General Assembly Resolutions 36/226 A & B: Reaffirms previous calls for a full Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and the establishment of a Palestinian state.
16 November: Resolution 37/18: Condemns Israel's refusal to implement Security Council resolution 487, and demands Israel to withdraw its threat to attack nuclear facilities of neighbouring nations.
10 December: Resolution 37/88: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
16 December: Resolution 37/122: Demands Israel not to build a canal between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean.
16 December: Resolution 37/123: Condemnation of Israel's alleged responsibility for the Sabra and Shatila massacre by Kataeb Party in Beirut, Lebanon; resolves that the massacre was an act of genocide; condemns acts of plundering Palestinian cultural heritage; condemns the occupation of the West Bank, Gaza and the Golan Heights; and condemns the annexation of Jerusalem.
17 December: Resolution 37/135: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Palestinian and other Arab territories.
20 December: Resolution 37/222: Living conditions of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territories.
1983:
10 November: Resolution 38/9: Reiterates the demand that Israel withdraw its threat to attack the nuclear facilities of neighbouring nations.
15 December: Resolutions 38/79: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
15 December: Resolution 38/85: Demands Israel not to build a canal between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean.
19 December: Resolution 38/144: Permanent sovereignty over national resources in the occupied Palestinian and other Arab territories.
19 December: Resolution 38/166: Living conditions of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territories.
19 December: Resolutions 38/180: Calls all nations to suspend or sever all diplomatic, economic and technological ties with Israel. Condemnation of Israel on various topics including the occupation of the West Bank, Gaza and the Golan Heights, war in Lebanon and the annexation of Jerusalem.
1984:
23 November: Resolution 39/14: Reiterates the demand that Israel withdraw its threat to attack the nuclear facilities of neighbouring nations.
12 December: Resolution 39/54: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
13 December: Resolution 39/72-C: Demanding that Israel terminate all form of collaboration with South Africa.
14 December: Resolutions 39/95: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
14 December: Resolution 39/101: Demands Israel not to build a canal between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean.
14 December: Resolution 39/146: Reaffirmation of resolution 38/180 condemning Israel and calling all nations to cut ties with it.
16 December: Resolutions 40/161: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
16 December: Resolution 40/167: Decides to monitor Israel's decision to construct a canal between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean.
16 December: Resolution 40/168: Reaffirmation of resolution 38/180 condemning Israel and calling all nations to cut ties with it.
17 December: Resolution 40/169: Economic development projects in the occupied Palestinian territories.
17 December: Resolution 40/201: Living conditions of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territories.
3 December: Resolution 41/48: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
3 December: Resolutions 41/63: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
8 December: Resolutions 42/160: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
11 December: Resolution 42/166: Assistance to the Palestinian people.
11 December: Resolution 42/190: Living conditions of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territories.
11 December: Resolution 42/209: Reaffirmation of resolution 38/180 condemning Israel and calling all nations to cut ties with it.
5 December: Resolution 43/50-E: Demanding that Israel terminate all forms of collaboration with South Africa.
6 December: Resolution 43/54: Reaffirmation of resolution 38/180 condemning Israel and calling all nations to cut ties with it.
6 December: Resolutions 43/58: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories.
7 December: Resolution 43/65: Calling for an establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East.
Resolution 42: The Palestine Question (5 March 1948) Requests recommendations for the Palestine Commission
Resolution 43: The Palestine Question (1 Apr 1948) Recognizes "increasing violence and disorder in Palestine" and requests that representatives of "the Jewish Agency for Palestine and the Arab Higher Committee" arrange, with the Security Council, "a truce between the Arab and Jewish Communities of Palestine ... Calls upon Arab and Jewish armed groups in Palestine to cease acts of violence immediately."
Resolution 44: The Palestine Question (1 Apr 1948) Requests convocation of special session of the General Assembly
Resolution 46: The Palestine Question (17 Apr 1948) As the United Kingdom is the Mandatory Power, "it is responsible for the maintenance of peace and order in Palestine." The Resolutions also "Calls upon all persons and organizations in Palestine" to stop importing "armed bands and fighting personnel ... whatever their origin; ... weapons and war materials; ... Refrain, pending the future government of Palestine...from any political activity which might prejudice the rights, claims, or position of either community; ... refrain from any action which will endanger the safety of the Holy Places in Palestine."
Resolution 48: 23 April 1948, calls on all concerned parties to comply with UNSC Resolution 46 and establishes a Truce Commission for Palestine to assist the SC in implementing the truce. Approved 8–0, abstentions from Colombia, Ukrainian SSR and USSR.
Resolution 49: 22 May 1948 issues a cease-fire order to come into effect at noon, 24 May 1948, New York City local time. Orders the Truce Commission for Palestine previously set up to report on compliance. Adopted by 8–0, abstentions from Ukrainian SSR, USSR and Syria.
Resolution 50: 29 May 1948, calls for a four-week ceasefire covering Palestine, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan and Yemen. Urges all to protect the Holy Places and Jerusalem. Offers the UN Mediator as many military observers as necessary. Further violations and the council would consider action under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Adopted in parts; no voting on the resolution as a whole.
Resolution 127: The Palestine Question (22 January 1958) " ... 'recommends' Israel suspends its 'no-man's zone' in Jerusalem".
Resolution 138: (23 June 1960) Question relating to the case of Israel's capture of Adolf Eichmann, concerning Argentina's complaint that Israel breached its sovereignty.
Resolution 162: The Palestine Question (11 April 1961) " ... 'urges' Israel to comply with UN decisions".
Resolution 171: The Palestine Question (9 April 1962) " ... determines flagrant violations' by Israel in its attack on Syria".
Resolution 228: The Palestine Question (25 November 1966) " ... 'censures' Israel for its attack on Samu in the West Bank, then under Jordanian control".
Resolution 237: Six-Day War 14 June 1967) " ... 'urges' Israel to allow return of new 1967 Palestinian refugees". and called on Israel to ensure the safety and welfare of inhabitants of areas where fighting had taken place.
Resolution 240 (25 October 1967): concerning violations of the cease-fire
Resolution 242 (22 November 1967): Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area. Calls on Israel's neighbors to end the state of belligerency and calls upon Israel to reciprocate by withdraw its forces from land claimed by other parties in 1967 war. Interpreted commonly today as calling for the land for peace principle as a way to resolve Arab–Israeli conflict.
Resolution 250: (27 April) " ... 'calls' on Israel to refrain from holding military parade in Jerusalem".
Resolution 251: (2 May) " ... 'deeply deplores' Israeli military parade in Jerusalem in defiance of Resolution 250".
Resolution 252: (21 May) " ... 'declares invalid' Israel's acts to unify Jerusalem as Jewish capital".
Resolution 256: (16 August) " ... 'condemns' Israeli raids on Jordan as 'flagrant violation".
Resolution 258: (18 September) ... expressed 'concern' with the welfare of the inhabitants of the Israeli-occupied territories, and requested a special representative to be sent to report on the implementation of Resolution 237, and that Israel cooperate.
Resolution 259: (27 September) " ... 'deplores' Israel's refusal to accept UN mission to probe occupation".
Resolution 337: (15 August) " ... 'condemns' Israel for violating Lebanon's sovereignty and territorial integrity and for the forcible diversion and seizure of a Lebanese airliner from Lebanon's air space".
Resolution 338 (22 October 1973): " ...'calls' for a cease fire" in Yom Kippur War and "the implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) in all of its parts", and "Decides that, immediately and concurrently with the cease-fire, negotiations shall start between the parties concerned under appropriate auspices aimed at establishing a just and durable peace in the Middle East."
Resolution 339 (23 October 1973): Confirms Res. 338, dispatch UN observers.
Resolution 340 (25 October): "Demands that immediate and complete cease-fire be observed, per 338 and 339, and requests to increase the number of United Nations military observers"
Resolution 341 (27 October): "Approves the report on the implementation resolution 340"
Resolution 347: (24 April)" ... 'condemns' Israeli attacks on Lebanon".
Resolution 350 (31 May 1974) established the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, to monitor the ceasefire between Israel and Syria in the wake of the Yom Kippur War.
Resolution 369 (28 May 1975), expressed concern over the prevailing state of tension in the Middle East, reaffirmed that the two previous agreements were only a step towards the implementation of Resolution 338 and called on the parties to implement it, and extended the mandate of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 371, expressed concern at a lack of progress towards a lasting peace in the Middle East.
Resolution 381, expressed concern over continued tensions, extended the mandate of the United Nations Emergency Force, and scheduled a later meeting to continue the debate on the Middle East.
Resolution 390, considered a report regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force and extended its mandate, noted the efforts to establish peace in the Middle East, but expressed concern over the prevailing state of tensions, and called for the implementation of Resolution 338.
Resolution 444: " ... 'deplores' Israel's lack of cooperation with UN peacekeeping forces".
Resolution 446 (1979): 'determines' that Israeli settlements are a 'serious obstruction' to peace and calls on Israel to abide by the Fourth Geneva Convention".
Resolution 449, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 450: " ... 'calls' on Israel to stop attacking Lebanon".
Resolution 452: " ... 'calls' on Israel to cease building settlements in occupied territories".
Resolution 456, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 465: " ... 'deplores' Israel's settlements and asks all member states not to assist Israel's settlements program".
Resolution 467: " ... 'strongly deplores' Israel's military intervention in Lebanon".
Resolution 468: " ... 'calls' on Israel to rescind illegal expulsions of two Palestinian mayors and a judge and to facilitate their return".
Resolution 469: " ... 'strongly deplores' Israel's failure to observe the council's order not to deport Palestinians".
Resolution 470, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 471: " ... 'expresses deep concern' at Israel's failure to abide by the Fourth Geneva Convention".
Resolution 474, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 476: " ... 'reiterates' that Israel's claim to Jerusalem are 'null and void'". The altering of the status of Jerusalem constitutes as a flagrant violation of the 4th Geneva Convention.
Resolution 478 (20 August 1980): 'censures (Israel) in the strongest terms' for its claim to Jerusalem in its 'Basic Law'.
Resolution 481, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 483, noted the continuing need for UNIFIL given the situation between Israel and Lebanon, and extended its mandate.
Resolution 484: " ... 'declares it imperative' that Israel re-admit two deported Palestinian mayors".
Resolution 485, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 487: " ... 'strongly condemns' Israel for its attack on Iraq's nuclear facility".
Resolution 493, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 497 (17 December 1981), decides that Israel's annexation of Syria's Golan Heights is 'null and void' and demands that Israel rescinds its decision forthwith.
Resolution 498: " ... 'calls' on Israel to withdraw from Lebanon".
Resolution 501: " ... 'calls' on Israel to stop attacks against Lebanon and withdraw its troops".
Resolution 506, regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
Resolution 508: demanded an end to hostilities between Israel and the PLO taking place in Lebanon, and called for a cease-fire.
Resolution 509: " ... 'demands' that Israel withdraw its forces forthwith and unconditionally from Lebanon".
Resolution 1435 (24 Sep 2002) demanded an end to Israeli measures in and around Ramallah, and an Israeli withdrawal to positions held before September 2000.
Resolution 1583 (28 January 2005) calls on Lebanon to assert full control over its border with Israel. It also states that "the Council has recognized the Blue Line as valid for the purpose of confirming Israel's withdrawal pursuant to resolution 425."
See General Assembly resolutions 36/226 A and B of 17 December 1981, ES-9/1 of 5 February 1982, 37/123 F of 20 December 1982 and 38/180 A to D of 19 December 1983, A/RES/39/146, 14 December 1984.
General Assembly resolution ES-9/1, 5 February 1982. The UN General Assembly approved a measure which 'Strongly deplores the negative vote by a permanent member of the Security Council which prevented the Council from adopting against Israel, under Chapter VII of the Charter, the "appropriate measures" referred to in resolution 497 (1981) unanimously adopted by the Council;'
