List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation

This article is about the Protestant martyrs. For the Catholic martyrs, see List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation.

Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Most were executed in the short reign of Mary I in what is called the Marian persecutions. Protestant theologian and activist John Foxe described "the great persecutions & horrible troubles, the suffering of martyrs, and other such thinges" in his contemporaneously-published Book of Martyrs.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Plaque in Maidstone, Kent, commemorating those burnt nearby

Protestants in England and Wales were executed under legislation that punished anyone judged guilty of heresy against Catholicism. Although the standard penalty for those convicted of treason in England at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered, this legislation adopted the punishment of burning the condemned. At least 280 people were recognised as burned over the five years of Mary I's reign by contemporary sources.

Historical context

English Reformation

The English Reformation had put a stop to Catholic ecclesiastical governance in England, asserted royal supremacy over the English Church and dissolved some church institutions, such as monasteries and chantries.

An important year in the English Reformation was 1547, when Protestantism became a new force under the child-king Edward VI, England's first Protestant ruler. Edward died at age 15 in 1553. His relative Lady Jane Grey claimed the throne but was deposed by Edward's Catholic half-sister, Mary I.^[1]: p62

Persecution of Protestants under Mary I (1553–1558)

Marian martyrs memorial: Cotham Church, Bristol

The relationship between the English church and Rome was restored at the accession of Queen Mary I to the English throne in 1553. With her repeal of all religious legislation passed under Edward VI, Protestants faced a choice: exile, reconciliation/conversion, or punishment.^[2]: p.186 Many people were exiled, and hundreds of dissenters were burned at the stake, earning her the nickname of "Bloody Mary".^[3] The number of people executed for their faith during the persecutions is thought to be at least 287, including 56 women.^[4] Thirty others died in prison.^[5]: p.79

Although the so-called "Marian Persecutions" began with four clergymen, relics of Edwardian England's Protestantism,^[2]: p.196 Foxe's Book of Martyrs offers an account of the executions, which extended well beyond the anticipated targets – high-level clergy. Tradesmen were also burned, as well as married men and women, sometimes in unison, "youths" and at least one couple was burned alive with their daughter.^[2]: p.196 The figure of 300 victims of the Marian Persecutions was given by Foxe^[6] and later by Thomas Brice in his poem, "The Regester".^[7]

English Inquisition and the judicial process

However bloody the end, the trials of Protestant heretics were judicial affairs, presided by bishops (most notably Bishop Bonner) adhering to a strict legal protocol under the privy council, with Parliament's blessing.^[2]: p.195 Mary had difficulty forming an efficient Privy Council, which eventually numbered over 40 and never worked as a source of political advice, though it effectively pursued police work and enforcement of religious uniformity.^{[1]: p62-65} During the session that restored the realm to papal obedience Parliament reinstated the heresy laws.^[2]: p.196 From 20 January 1555, England could legally punish those judged guilty of heresy against the Roman Catholic faith.^[5]: p.91

Thus it became a matter of establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused heretic in open court – a process which the lay authorities employed to reclaim "straying sheep" and to set a precedent for authentic Catholic teaching.^[5]: p.102 If found guilty, the accused were first excommunicated, then handed over to the secular authorities for execution.^[5]: p.102 The official records of the trials are limited to formal accusations, sentences, and so forth; the documents to which historians look for context and detail are those written by the accused or their supporters.^[5]: p.102

John Rogers' execution

Before Mary's ascent to the throne, John Foxe, one of the few clerics of his day who was against the burning of even obstinate heretics, had approached the Royal Chaplain and Protestant preacher, John Rogers to intervene on behalf of Joan Bocher, a female Anabaptist who was sentenced to death by burning in 1550.^[2]: p.193 Rogers refused to help, as he supported the burning of heretics. Rogers claimed that the method of execution was "sufficiently mild" for a crime as grave as heresy.^[5]: p.87 Later, after Mary I came to power and restored England to Catholicism, John Rogers spoke quite vehemently against the new order and was himself burnt as a heretic.^[5]: p.97

Legacy

Throughout the course of the persecutions, Foxe lists 312 individuals who were burnt or hanged for their faith, or died or sickened in prison. Three of these people are commemorated with a gothic memorial in Oxford, England, but there are many other memorials across England.^[8] They are known locally as the "Marian Martyrs".

English saints and martyrs of the Reformation era are remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 4 May.^[9]

Martyrs executed

Order of death.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of execution	Place of execution	References
Protestants executed under Henry VIII
1.	Thomas Hitton	Martham, Norfolk	clergyman – priest	burnt 23 February 1530	Maidstone, Kent	[10]
2.	Thomas Benet	Exeter, Devon	teacher	burnt 15 January 1531	Exeter, Devon	[11]
3.	Thomas Bilney	Taken at Norwich, Norfolk	clergyman – priest	burnt 19 August 1531	Lollards Pit, Norwich, Norfolk	[12]
4.	Richard Bayfield	Taken at Mark Lane, London	monk – Benedictine (former) and chamberlain of Bury St Edmunds Abbey	burnt 27 November 1531	Smithfield, London	[13]
5.	John Tewkesbury	St Michael-le-Querne Parish, Paternoster Row, London	leatherseller	burnt December 1531	Smithfield, London	[14]
6.	'An old man'	Buckinghamshire		burnt 1531		[15][n 1]
7.	Davy Foster	Yorkshire	poor artificer	burnt 1531		[16][17]
8.	James Bainham	Middle Temple, London	lawyer	burnt 30 April 1532	Smithfield, London	[18]
9.	John Bent	Urchfont, Wiltshire		burnt in or before April 1532	Devizes, Wiltshire	[19]
10.	... Trapnel			burnt in or before April 1532	Bradford, Wiltshire	[19]
11.	Thomas Harding	Chesham, Buckinghamshire	'aged father'	his brains were dashed out with a billet of wood while he was being burnt at the stake, May 1532	Chesham, Buckinghamshire	[20]
12.	John Frith	Westerham, then Sevenoaks, Kent[21] – Taken after he had been preaching at Bow Lane, London	clergyman – canon at Cardinal College, Oxford	burnt 4 July 1533	Smithfield, London	[22]
13.	Andrew Hewet	Watling Street, London (born in Faversham, Kent)	apprentice to a tailor
14.–23.	Ten Dutchmen counted for Anabaptists – Segor, Derycke, Symon, Runa, Derycke, Dominicke, Dauid, Cornelius, Elken and Milo			burnt 1535	'sundry places of the realm'	[23][24]
24.	Robert Pakington	Cheapside, London	mercer	murdered 13 November 1536	Cheapside, London	[25]
25.	William Cowbridge	Wantage, Berkshire	clergyman (purported) – 'exercised the office of a priest, in teaching and administering of the sacraments, but being no priest indeed'	burnt after – probably shortly after – 22 July 1538	Oxford, Oxfordshire	[25][26][n 2]
26.	John Lambert	The Stocks – a market for meat and fish in the City of London	clergyman – priest, and teacher of Greek and Latin	burnt 22 November 1538	Smithfield, London	[27]
27.	... Puttedew	Suffolk		burnt in or before 1538	Suffolk	[25]
28.	William Leiton or Leyton	Eye Priory, Eye, Suffolk	monk – Benedictine	burnt in or before 1538	Norwich, Norfolk	[25]
29. -30	Two Anabaptists, a man and a woman	Dutch		burnt 29 November 1538	Smithfield, London	[28]
31.	Giles Germane			burnt 1539	St Giles in the Fields, outside London	[29]
32.	Launcelot ...		servant of the king
33.	John ...		painter
34.–36.	Three Anabaptists – ... Mandeville, ... Collins and another			burnt 29 April 1539	Newington Causeway, outside London	[30]
37.	William Collins	London	lawyer and gentleman	burnt 7 July 1540	Smithfield, London or Southwark	[25][26][n 3]
38.	Robert Barnes	Austin Friary, Cambridge (until 1528)	monk – Augustinian	burnt 30 July 1540	Smithfield, London	[31]
39.	Thomas Gerrard (or Gerard, Garret or Garrard)	All Hallows Honey Lane Parish, London	clergyman – rector of All Hallows Honey Lane
40.	William Jerome	Stepney, London	clergyman – vicar of St Dunstan's, Stepney
41.–42.	Valentine Freese and his wife			burnt 1540	York, Yorkshire	[32][33]
43.	Richard Mekins		'a child that passed not the age of fifteen years'	burnt 30 July 1541		[34][35]
44.	Richard Spenser		clergyman (former) – 'a ... Priest ... who leaving his papistry, had married a wife, and became a player in interludes'	Burnt about 1541/2	Salisbury, Wiltshire	[34][36]
45.	John Ramsey		player in interludes
46.	Thomas Bernard			burnt about 1541	Lincoln Diocese	[37][38]
47.	James Morton					[37][39]
48.	Adam Damlip (also known as George Bucker)	Calais	clergyman – former chaplain to Bishop John Fisher	hanged, drawn and quartered 22 May 1543 [40]	Calais	[41]
	Windsor Martyrs
49.	Robert Testwood	City of London (originally)	musician in the college at Windsor	burnt 28 July 1543	Windsor, Berkshire	[42][43]
50.	Anthony Pearson		clergyman – priest of Windsor; popular preacher			[42][44]
51.	Henry Filmer		churchwarden of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor			[42][45]
52.	Unknown man	Calais	poor labouring man	burnt 1540[n 4]	Calais	[41]
53.	... Dodd	Calais – a Scotsman		burnt 1541[n 5]
54.	[Forename unknown] ... Henry			burnt 1545 or 1546	Colchester, Essex	[46]
55.	Unknown man		servant of ... Henry
56.	[Forename unknown] ... Kerby			burnt 1546	Ipswich, Suffolk
57.	Roger Clarke	Mendlesham, Suffolk			Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
58.	Anne Askew	Stallingborough, Lincolnshire[47]	wife of Master Thomas Kyme, a farmer and landowner of Friskney, Lincolnshire[47]	burnt 16 July 1546	Smithfield, London	[48]
59.	Nicholas Belenian	Shropshire	clergyman – priest			[49]
60.	John Adams	Colchester, Essex[50]	tailor
61.	John Lassells	Gateford, Nottinghamshire	courtier
62.	... Rogers	Norfolk		burnt 1546	Norfolk	[51]
63.	Oliver Richardine	Whitchurch parish, Shropshire			Hartford West	[52]
Radical Protestants executed under Edward VI
1.	Joan Bocher (or Butcher, or as Joan Knell)	Kent (perhaps Romney Marsh)		2 May 1550	Smithfield, London	[53]
2.	George van Parris	Dutchman		1551		[54][55]
Protestants executed under Mary I
1.	John Rogers	City of London	clergyman – preacher, biblical translator, lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedral	burnt 4 February 1555	Smithfield, London	[5]: p.113 [56]
2.	Lawrence Saunders	City of London	clergyman – preacher, Rector of All Hallows Bread Street, London	burnt 8 February 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	[5]: p.98 [57]
3.	John Hooper	Gloucester and Worcester	clergyman – Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester under Edward VI	burnt 9 February 1555	Gloucester, Gloucestershire	[5]: p.98 [58]
4.	Rowland Taylor	Hadleigh, Suffolk	clergyman – Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk	burnt 9 February 1555	Aldham Common, Nr Hadleigh, Suffolk	[5]: p.98 [59]
5.	Rawlins White	Cardiff, Glamorgan	fisherman	burnt March 1555	Cardiff, Glamorgan	[60]
6.	Thomas Tomkins	Shoreditch, London	weaver	burnt 16 March 1555	Smithfield, London	[61]
7.	Thomas Causton	Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex	gentleman	burnt 26 March 1555	Rayleigh, Essex	[62]
8.	Thomas Higbed	Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex	gentleman		Horndon-on-the-Hill, Essex
9.	William Hunter	Coleman Street Parish, London	apprentice	burnt 27 March 1555 (or 26 according to Foxe)	Brentwood, Essex	[63]
10.	Stephen Knight		barber	burnt 28 March 1555	Maldon, Essex	[64]
11.	William Pygot (or Pigot)		butcher		Braintree, Essex
12. [n 6]	William Dighel				Banbury, Oxfordshire	[65][66]
13.	John Lawrence (or Laurence)		clergyman – priest and former Blackfriar at Sudbury, Suffolk[50]	burnt 29 March 1555	Colchester, Essex	[64]
14.	Robert Ferrar	St David's, Pembrokeshire	clergyman – Bishop of St David's under Edward VI	burnt 30 March 1555	Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire	[67]
15.	George Marsh	Dean, Lancashire	clergyman – curate to Laurence Saunders and minister at Dean, Lancashire	burnt 24 April 1555	Boughton, Cheshire	[68]
16.	William Flower	Lambeth, London	surgeon and teacher		Westminster	[69]
17.	John Cardmaker	Wells, Somerset	clergyman – prebendary of Wells Cathedral	burnt 30 May 1555	Smithfield, London	[70]
18.	John Warne[n 7]	Walbrook, London	upholsterer
19.	Thomas Hawkes (or Haukes)	Essex	gentleman	burnt 10 June 1555	Coggeshall, Essex	[7][71]
20.	Thomas Watts (or Wattes)	Billericay, Essex	linen draper		Chelmsford, Essex	[7][72]
21.	John Ardeley (or Ardite)	Wigborough, Essex	husbandman	burnt 30 May 1555 (or 'about 10 June', according to Foxe)	Rayleigh, Essex	[7][73]
22.	John Simson				Rochford, Essex	[7][73]
23.	Nicholas Chamberlain (or Chamberlaine)	Coggeshall, Essex	weaver	burnt 14 June 1555	Colchester, Essex	[7][74]
24.	William Bamford (or Butler)[n 8]			burnt 15 June 1555	Harwich, Essex	[7][74]
25.	Thomas Ormond (or Osmande)[n 9]		fuller		Manningtree, Essex	[7][74]
26.	John Bradford	City of London	clergyman – prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral	burnt 1 July 1555	Smithfield, London	[7][75][76]
27.	John Leaf (or Jhon Least)	Christ Church Greyfriars, London (born in Kirkby Moorside, Yorkshire)	apprentice tallow chandler			[7][76][77]
	Canterbury Martyrs of July 1555
28.	John Bland (or Blande)	Rolvenden, Kent	clergyman – vicar of Rolvenden, Kent	burnt 12 July 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[7][78]
29.	Nicholas Shetterden (or Shitterdun)					[7][79]
30.	John Frankesh	Adisham, Kent	clergyman – parson of Adisham, Kent			[7][n 10][79]
31.	Humphrey Middleton	Ashford, Kent				[7][79]
32.	Nicholas Hall	Dartford, Kent	bricklayer	burnt 19 July 1555	Rochester, Kent	[7][80]
33.	Christopher Wade		linen-weaver	burnt July 1555	Dartford, Kent	[7][80]
34.	Margaret (or Margery) Polley[n 11][81]	Pepeling, Calais[n 12][39]	widow	burnt 17 July 1555	Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent	[80]
35.	Dirick Carver (also spelt Deryk; also known as Dirick Harman)	Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex	beer-brewer	burnt 22 July 1555,	Lewes, East Sussex	[7][82][83]
36.	John Launder	Godstone, Surrey	husbandman	burnt 23 July 1555	Steyning, West Sussex	[7][83]
37.	Thomas Euerson (or Iueson, Iverson or Iveson)		carpenter	burnt (day unknown) July 1555	Chichester, West Sussex	[7][82][84]
38.	Richard Hook (or Hooke)[85][86]		lame man [66]			[7][87]
39.	James Abbess	Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk	shoemaker	burnt 2 August 1555	Thetford, Norfolk (or Bury, according to Foxe)	[7][84]
40.	John Denley	Maidstone, Kent	gentleman	burnt 8 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex	[7][87]
41.	Robert Smith	Windsor, Berkshire	clerk at the college in Windsor, Berkshire and painter			[7][88]
	Canterbury Martyrs of August 1555
42.	William Coker			burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[7][89]
43.	William Hopper	Cranbrook, Kent[79]
44.	Henry Laurence
45.	Richard Collier (or Colliar)
46.	Richard Wright	Ashford, Kent[79]
47.	William Stere
48.	Elizabeth Warne (or Warren)[n 13]	Walbrook, London	widow of John Warne, upholsterer		Stratford-atte-Bow, London	[7][90]
49.	Roger Hues (aliases: Curryer, Corier)	St Mary's, Taunton, Somerset		burnt 24 August 1555	Taunton, Somerset	[66][7][91]
50.	George Tankerfield	London (born in York)	cook	burnt 26 August 1555	St Albans	[7][92]
51.	Patrick Pakingham (aliases: Packingham, Pachingham, Patchingham or Pattenham)			burnt 28 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex	[7][87]
52.	John Newman	Maidstone, Kent	pewterer	burnt 31 August 1555	Saffron Walden, Essex	[7][87]
53.	Robert Samuel (or Samuell)	Barfold, Suffolk	clergyman – minister at Barfold, Suffolk		Thetford, Norfolk	[7][93]
54.	Stephen Harwood	Ware, Hertfordshire	brewer	burnt 30 August 1555	Stratford in Essex	[7][94]
55.	Thomas Fust (or Fusse)		hosier,	August 1555	In the environs of London or Ware	[7][94]
56.	William Hale (or Hailes)	Thorpe, Essex,		late August 1555	In the environs of Barnet, London	[7][94]
57.	William Allen	Somerton, Norfolk	labourer	burnt early September 1555	Walsingham, Norfolk	[7][95]
58.	Roger Coe (or Coo or Cooe)	Melford, Suffolk	shearman	burnt date unknown September 1555	Yoxford, Suffolk	[7][95]
59.	Thomas Cob	Haverhill, Suffolk	butcher		Thetford, Norfolk	[7][95]
	Canterbury Martyrs of September 1555
60.	George Catmer (or Painter)	Hythe, Kent		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent	[52][7][96][97]
61.	Robert Streater (or Streter)
62.	Anthony Burward	Calete (possibly Calais) [98]
63.	George Brodbridge (or Bradbridge)	Bromfield, Kent
64.	James Tutty (or Tuttey)	Brenchley, Kent
65.	Robert Glover (or Glouer)	Mancetter, Warwickshire	gentleman	burnt 14 September 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	[7][99]
66.	Cornelius Bongey (or Bungey)		capper	burnt 20 September 1555		[7][100]
67.	Thomas Hayward (or Heywarde)			burnt mid-September 1555	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[52][7]
68.	John Goreway	Holy Trinity Parish, Coventry, Warwickshire [50]
	Ely Martyrs
69.	William Wolsey	Upwell, Norfolk	constable, one of the Ely Martyrs	burnt 16 October 1555	Cathedral Green, Ely, Cambridgeshire	[7][101]
70.	Robert Pygot (or Pigot)[102]	Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire	painter, also an Ely Martyr
	Oxford Martyrs
71.	Hugh Latimer (or Latymer)	Baxterley, Warwickshire [103]	clergyman – chaplain to King Edward VI	burnt 16 October 1555	outside Balliol College, Oxford	[7][104]
72.	Nicholas Ridley	Fulham Palace	clergyman – Bishop of London under Edward VI
	Canterbury Martyrs of November 1555
73.	John Webbe (or Web)		gentleman	burnt 30 November 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[7][105]
74.	George Roper
75.	Gregory Parke (or Paynter)[citation needed]
76.	John Philpot	Winchester, Hampshire	clergyman – Archdeacon of Winchester	burnt 18 December 1555	Smithfield, London	[7][106]
77.	Thomas Whittle (or Whitwell)	Essex	clergyman – priest or minister	burnt 27 January 1556		[7][107]
78.	Bartlett (or Bartholomew) Green	Temple, London – born in Basinghall, London	gentleman and lawyer			[7][107]
79.	Thomas Brown	St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – born in Histon, Cambridgeshire				[7][107]
80.	John Tudson	St Mary Botolph parish, London – born in Ipswich, Suffolk	artificer			[7][107]
81.	John Went (or Winter or Hunt)	Langham, Essex	artificer			[7][107]
82.	Isobella Forster (or Annis Foster)	St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – Born in Greystoke, Cumberland	wife of John Foster, cutler			[7][107]
83.	Joan Lushford (or Jone Lashforde, or Warne)	Little Allhallows parish, Thames Street, London	maid			[7][107] [n 14]
	Canterbury Martyrs of 1556
84.	John Lomas (or Jhon Lowmas)	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap, Canterbury	[7][108]
85.	Annes Snoth (or Annis Snod)	Smarden, Kent	widow			[7][108]
86.	Anne Wright (or Albright); alias Champnes					[7][108]
87.	Joan (or Jone) Soale	Horton, Kent	wife			[7][108]
88.	Joan Catmer	Hythe, Kent	'wife (as it should seem) of George Catmer', burnt in 1555			[108][n 15][7]
	Ipswich Martyrs of 1556
89.	Agnes Potten	Ipswich, Suffolk	wife of Robert Potten	burnt 19 February 1556	Ipswich, Cornhill	[7][n 16][109]
90.	Joan Trunchfield		wife of Michael Trunchfield, a shoemaker			[7][n 16][109]
91.	Thomas Cranmer	Lambeth Palace	clergyman – Archbishop of Canterbury (former)	burnt 21 March 1556	outside Balliol College, Oxford	[7][110]
92.	John Maundrel	Beckhampton, Wiltshire – brought up in Rowde, Wiltshire	husbandman	burnt 24 March 1556	outside Salisbury, Wiltshire	[7][n 17][111]
93.	William Coberly	Wiltshire	tailor			[7][n 17][111]
94.	John Spicer (or Spencer)	Winston, Suffolk[50]	freemason or bricklayer			[7][111]
95.	John Harpole (or Hartpoole)	St Nicholas Parish, Rochester, Kent		burnt 1 April 1556	Rochester, Kent	[7][112]
96.	Joan Beach	Tunbridge Wells, Kent	widow			[7][112]
97.	John Hullier (or Hulliarde)	Babraham, Cambridgeshire	clergyman – curate of Babraham, Cambridgeshire	burnt 16 April 1556	Cambridge, Cambridgeshire	[7][113][114]
98.	William Tyms (or Timmes)	Hockley, Essex	clergyman – curate of Hockley, Essex	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London	[7][115]
99.	Robert Drake	Thundersley, Essex	clergyman – minister or parson of Thundersley, Essex
100.	Richard Spurge	Bocking, Essex	shearman
101.	Thomas Spurge	Bocking, Essex	fuller
102.	George Ambrose	Bocking, Essex	fuller
103.	John Cavel (or Cauell)	Bocking, Essex	weaver
	Colchester martyrs of April 1556
104.	Christopher Lister	Dagenham, Essex	husbandman	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[7][116]
105.	John Mace	Colchester, Essex	apothecary
106.	John Spencer		weaver
107.	Simon Joyne		sawyer			[116]
108.	Richard Nicol	Colchester, Essex	weaver			[7][116]
109.	John Hamond		tanner
110.	Hugh Laverock (or Lauarocke)	Barking, Essex	painter, (a lame man)	burnt 15 May 1556	Stratford in Essex	[7][117]
111.	John Apprice (or Aprice)		blind man		Stratford-Atte-Bow or Stratford in Essex
112.	Thomas Drowry		blind boy		Gloucester, Gloucestershire	[7][n 18][118]
113.	Thomas Croker		bricklayer
114.	Katherine Hut	Bocking, Essex	widow	burnt 16 May 1556	Smithfield, London	[7][117]
115.	Elizabeth Thackvel	Great Burstead, Essex	maid
116.	Joan (or Jone) Horns	Billericay, Essex
117.	Thomas Spicer	Winston, Suffolk	labourer	burnt 21 May 1556	Beccles, Suffolk	[7][n 19][119]
118.	John Deny (or Denny) (possibly a female Joan or Jone)	Beccles, Suffolk
119.	Edmund Poole
120.	Thomas Harland	Woodmancote, Sussex	carpenter	burnt 6 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[7][82][120][121][122]
121.	John Oswald (or Oseward)		husbandman
122.	Thomas Reed	Ardingly, Sussex		burnt about 6 June 1556		[7][82][121]
123.[n 20][123]	Thomas Avington (or Euington)		turner			[7][82][121][122]
124.	Adam Forster (or Foster)	Mendlesham, Suffolk	husbandman	burnt 17 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[124][125]
125.	Robert Lawson		linen weaver
126.	Thomas Wood		clergyman – pastor	burnt about 20 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[7][82][121]
127.	Thomas Milles	Hellingly, Sussex				[7][82][121][n 21][122]
128.	Thomas Moor		servant and husbandman	burnt 26 June 1556	Leicester, Leicestershire	[85][n 22][7][121][38]
	Stratford Martyrs, 11 men and 2 women.
129.	Henry Adlington (or Addlinton)	Grinstead, Sussex	sawyer	burnt 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[7][126]
130.	Lawrence (or Laurence) Parnam	Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire	smith
131.	Henry Wye	Stanford-le-Hope, Essex	brewer
132.	William Holywell (or Hallywell)	Waltham Holy Cross, Essex,	smith
133.	Thomas Bowyer (or Bowier)	Great Dunmow, Essex	weaver
134.	George Searle	White Notley, Essex	tailor
135.	Edmond Hurst	St James's Parish, Colchester	labourer
136.	Lion/Lyon Cawch	City of London	merchant/broker
137.	Ralph Jackson	Chipping Ongar, Essex,	serving-man
138.	John Derifall (or Dorifall)	Rettendon, Essex	labourer
139.	John Routh/Roth	Wickes, Essex
140.	Elizabeth Pepper	St James's parish, Colchester	wife of Thomas Pepper, weaver			[7][n 23][126]
141.	Agnes George	West Barefold, Essex	wife of Richard George, husbandman			[7][n 23][126][n 24][127]
142.	Roger Bernard	Framsden, Suffolk	labourer	burnt 30 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[124][125]
143.	Julins Palmer	Reading, Berkshire	schoolmaster	burnt about 15 July 1556	'The Sand-pits', Nr Newbury, Berkshire	[7][128]
144.	John Guin/Jhon Gwin		shoemaker [66]
145.	Thomas Askin/Askue
	Guernsey Martyrs – (Three women and one unborn male foetus)
146.	Catherine Cauchés (sometimes spelt Katherine Cawches)	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands		burnt 18 July 1556	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands	[129]
147.	Perotine Massey (pregnant)		wife of Norman Calvinist minister
148.	Guillemine Gilbert
149.	Thomas Dungate (or Dougate)	East Grinstead, Sussex		burnt 18 July 1556	Grinstead, Sussex	[7][85][122][130]
150.	John Forman (or Foreman)
151.	Anne Tree (or Try)	West Hoathly, Sussex
152.	Joan Waste	All Hallows', Derby, Derbyshire	blind woman	burnt 1 August 1556	Derby, Derbyshire	[85]
153.	Edward Sharp		glover (possibly)[66]	burnt early September 1556	Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset
154.	Rose Pencell			burnt 17 October 1555	Bristol	[131]
155.	William Shapton		weaver
156.	John Kurde	Syresham, Northamptonshire	shoemaker	burnt October 1556 or 20 September 1557	Northampton, Northamptonshire	[85][132]
157.	John Noyes	Laxfield, Suffolk	shoemaker	burnt 22 September 1556 or 1557		[133]
158.	Thomas Ravensdale			burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex	[85][122]
159.	John Hart
160.	Unknown man		shoemaker			[85]
161.	Unknown man		currier
162.	Nicholas Holden	Withyham, Sussex	weaver			[66][122]
163.	Unknown man		carpenter	burnt 25 September 1556	Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset	[85]
164.	John Horn			burnt late September 1556	Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire	[85][134][n 25][135]
165.	John Phillpott	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Wye, Ashford, Kent	[7][n 26][136]
166.	Thomas Stephens	Biddenden, Kent
	Canterbury Martyrs of January 1557
167.	Stephen Kempe	Norgate, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[136]
168.	William Waterer	Biddenden, Kent
169.	William Prowting	Thurnham, Kent
170.	William Lowick	Cranbrook, Kent
171.	Thomas Hudson	Selling, Kent
172.	William Hay	Hythe, Kent
173.	Nicholas Final	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Ashford, Kent	[7][n 27][136]
174.	Martin Bradbridge					[7][n 27][137]
175.	William Carman (or Carmen)[n 28]			burnt day and month unknown 1557		[138]
176.	Thomas Loseby			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	[7][139][n 29]
177.	Henry Ramsey					[7][139]
178.	Thomas Thyrtell (or Sturtle)
179.	Margaret Hyde					[7][139][n 30]
180.	Agnes Stanley (or Stanlye)					[7][139][140]
181.	Richard Sharpe		weaver	burnt 7 May 1557	Cotham, Bristol	[141]
182.	Thomas Hale		shoemaker
183.	Stephen Gratwick (or Steuen Grathwick)	Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex		burnt at end of May 1557	St. George's Fields, Southwark, Surrey	[7][142]: p. 272 [143]
184.	William Morant
185.	Thomas King[66]					[7][n 31][142]: p.272 [143]
	Maidstone martyrs
186.	Joan (or Jone) Bradbridge	Staplehurst, Kent	Presumably a relative of Widow Bradbridge, burnt 19 June 1557[144]	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[7][145]
187.	Walter Appleby	Maidstone, Kent
188.	Petronil Appleby		wife of Walter Appleby
189.	Edmund Allin (or Allen)	Maplehurst Mill, Frittenden, Kent	miller
190.	Katherine Allin (or Allen)		Wife of Edmund Allin/Allen, miller
191.	Joan (or Jone) Manning	Maidstone, Kent
192.	Elizabeth (surname possibly 'Lewis')		blind maid
	Canterbury martyrs of June 1557
193.	John Fishcock/Jhon Fiscoke			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[7][145]
194.	Nicholas White
195.	Nicholas Pardue/Perdue
196.	Barbara Final
197.	Bradbridge's Widow (Bradbridge's Wife)	Probably Tenterden, Kent	Probably the widow of Martin Bradbridge, burnt 16 January 1557			[145]
198.	Mistress Wilson (also referred to as 'Wilson's Wife')					[7][145]
199.	Alice Benden, possibly also referred to as 'Benson's Wife'	Staplehurst (or possibly Cranbrook), Kent[146]
	Lewes Martyrs
200.	Richard Woodman	Warbleton, Sussex	iron-maker	burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[7][82][147]
201.	George Stevens (or Steuens)
202.	William Mainard	Mayfield, Sussex
203.	Alexander Hosman		servant of William Mainard
204.	Thomasina Wood		maidservant of William Mainard
205.	Margery Morris (or Morice)	Heathfield, Sussex				[7][82][122][147]
206.	James Morris (or Morice) – son of Margery					[7][122][147]
207.	Denis Burcis (or Burgis)	Buxted, Sussex				[7][82][122][147]
208.	Ann Ashdon (or Ashdown; also referred to as 'Ashdon's Wife')	Rotherfield, Sussex				[7][82][147]
209.	Mary Groves (also referred to as 'Gloue's Wife')	Lewes, Sussex				[7][82][147][n 32][122][148]
210.	Simon Miller (or Milner)	Lynn, Norfolk		burnt 13 July 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[7][149]
211.	Elizabeth Cooper	St Andrew's Church, Norwich, Norfolk	wife of a pewterer			[7](which calls her 'a woman')[149]
212.	George Egles/Eagles			hung, drawn & quartered, August 1557	Chelmsford, Essex	[7][150]
	Colchester Martyrs of August 1557
213.	William Bongeor	St Nicholas Parish, Colchester, Essex	glazier	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[151]
214.	William Purchase (or Purcas)	Bocking, Essex	fuller
215.	Thomas Benhote (or Benold)	Colchester, Essex	tallow-chandler
216.	Agnes Silverside (or Smith)		widow
217.	Helen (or Ellen) Ewring		wife of John Ewring, miller
218.	Elizabeth Folk		'young maiden' and servant
219.	William Munt (or Mount)	Much Bentley, Essex
220.	Alice Munt (or Mount)		wife of William Munt (or Mount)
221.	Rose Allen (or Allin)		spinster, daughter of Alice Mount
222.	John Johnson	Thorpe, Essex	labourer
223.	Richard Crashfield	Wymondham, Norfolk		burnt 5 August 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[7] which records 'one at Norwich' in July[152]
224.	Father Fruier			burnt August 1557	Rochester, Kent	[7][150]
225.	Robert Stevenson					[153]
226.	Sister of George Eagles					[7][150]
227.	Unknown Woman					[7]
228.	Agnes Prest	Boyton, Cornwall	Spinner	burnt 15 August 1557	Southernhay, Exeter	[154]
229.	Thomas Benion		weaver	burnt 27 August 1557	Bristol	[141]
230.	Joyce Lewis	Mancetter, Warwickshire	gentlewoman	burnt September 1557	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[155][156] – may be the same as Joyce Bowes, August 1557 (the Regester)
231.	Ralph Allerton/Rafe Glaiton	Much Bentley, Essex		burnt 17 September 1557	Islington	[7][157]
232.	James Austoo (or Auscoo)
233.	Margery Austoo (or Auscoo)
234.	Richard Roth (or Rooth)
235.	Agnes Bongeor (also known as Bowmer's Wife), wife of Richard Bongeor (similar name but different death date)			burnt 17 September (or unknown date July)	Colchester, Essex	[132] (or March 1558, Colchester)[7]
236.	Margaret Thurston/Widow Thurston-similar name but different death date
237.	Cicely Ormes	St Edmund's Parish, Norwich, Norfolk	wife of Edmund Ormes, worsted-weaver	burnt 23 September 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[158][159][160]
238.	Thomas Spurdance		servant of the Queen	burnt November 1557	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[159][161]
239.	John Halingdale/Hallingdale/Hollingday		carpenter[66]	burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557,	Smithfield, London	[7][159][162]
240.	William Sparrow
241.	Richard Gibson		gentleman[66]
242.	John Rough/Jhon Roughe	London/Islington, Middlesex	clergyman – minister at London/Islington, Middlesex	burnt 22 December 1557		[7][163]
243.	Margaret Maring (or Mering)
244.	[Unknown forename ...] Lawton			burnt March 1558	Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire	[66]
245.[n 33]	Cuthbert Symson/Symion	London/Islington, Middlesex	clergyman – deacon of the church in London/Islington, Middlesex	died 28 March 1558	Smithfield, London	[7][6]
246.	Hugh Foxe		hosier[66]
247.	John Devinish/Jhon Denneshe		wool winder[66]
248.	William Nichol			burnt 9 April 1558	SM9515 Haverfordwest/Hwlffordd, Pembrokeshire/Sir Benfro	[7][164][165]
249.	William Seaman (or Symon)	Mendlesham, Suffolk	husbandman	burnt 19 May 1558	Norwich, Norfolk	[7][166]
250.	Thomas Hudson	Aylsham, Norfolk	glover			[166] described as 'Glouer' in [7]
251.	Thomas Carman[n 28]					[7][166]
252.	William Harris			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester	[7][127]
253.	Richard Day
254.	Christian George (female)			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester, Essex	her husband had previously been married to Agnes George, mentioned above[7][127]
	Islington Martyrs[167]
255.	Henry Pond (or Houde)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[7][167]
256.	Reinald Eastland (or Launder)
257.	Robert Southain (or Southam)
258.	Matthew Ricarby (or Ricarbie)
259.	John Floyd (or Flood)
260.	John Holiday (or Hollyday)
261.	Roger Holland	London (taken in or near St John's Wood)	merchant tailor
262.	Sir Richard Yeoman (or Yeman)	Hadleigh, Suffolk	clergyman – curate of Hadleigh, Suffolk	burnt 10 July 1558	Norwich, Norfolk	[7][168][169]
	Islington Martyrs (second group)[167]
263.	Robert Mills			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[167]
264.	Stephen Cotton					[7][167]
265.	Robert Dynes					[167]
266.	Stephen Wight (or Wreight)					[7][167]
267.	John Slade
268.	William Pikes (aliases: Pikas, Peckes)		tanner
269.	John Cooke		sawyer	burnt about 25 July 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[170]
270.	Robert Milles (or Plummer)		shearman
271.	Alexander Lane		wheelwright
272.	James Ashley		bachelor
273.	Thomas Benbrike/Benbridge		gentleman	burnt unknown day in July 1558	Winchester, Hampshire	[7][171]
274.	John (or Richard) Snell	Bedale, Yorkshire		burnt 9 September 1558	Richmond, Yorkshire	[172]
	Ipswich Martyrs of 1558
275.	Alexander Gooch (or Geche, or Gouch)	Woodbridge or Melton, Suffolk	weaver of shredding-coverlets	burnt 4 November 1558	Ipswich Cornhill	[7][173]
276.[n 34]	Alice Driver	Grundisburgh, Suffolk	wife of a husbandman			[173]
277.	Philip Humphrey (or Humfrey)			burnt November 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[174]
278.	John David/Jhon Dauy (brother of Henry David)
279.	Henry David/H. Dauy (brother of John David)
	Canterbury Martyrs of 1558
280.	John Corneford	Wrotham, Kent		burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury, Kent	[175]
281.	Christopher Brown	Maidstone, Kent
282.	John Herst	Ashford, Kent
283.	Alice Snoth
284.	Katherine Knight/Tynley		an aged woman
	Note: Mary I died on 17 November 1558.
Radical Protestants executed under Elizabeth I
1.	Jan Wielmacker[n 35]	Dutchman – member of a conventicle in Aldgate, London		22 July 1575	Smithfield, London	[176]
2.	Hendrik Ter Woort[n 35]
3.	Matthew Hamont[n 36]	Hethersett, Norfolk	ploughwright	20 May 1579	Norwich Castle	[177]
4.	John Lewes[n 36]			18 September 1583	Norwich, Norfolk	[177]
5.	Peter Cole[n 36]	Ipswich, Suffolk	tanner	1587	Norwich	[177]
6.	Francis Kett[n 36]	Wymondham, Norfolk	clergyman and physician	14 January 1589	Norwich Castle	[178]-
7.	John Greenwood	London	Puritan divine: Separatist	6 April 1593	London	[179]-
8.	Henry Barrowe (or Barrow)	London	lawyer : Separatist
9.	John Penry	born Llangammarch, Powys, arrested Ratcliffe, London	writer and preacher	29 May 1593	St Thomas a Watering, Old Kent Road, London	[180]
Radical Protestants executed under James I
1.	Bartholomew Legate[n 37]	Hornchurch, Essex	cloth trader	18 March 1612	Smithfield, London	[181]
2.	Edward Wightman[n 35]	Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire	mercer and minister	11 April 1612	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[182]

Also mentioned by Foxe

• John Fortune (or Cutler) (of Hintlesham, Suffolk, blacksmith, either burnt or died in prison) ^[183]
• John Warner of Bourne^[50][122]
• Thomas Athoth, priest^[122] 'he may have died in prison, escaped or – less likely – been pardoned.'^[184]
• John Ashedon of Catsfield^[122][185]

Posthumous proceedings

• William Tracy of Toddington, Gloucestershire, 'worshipful esquire', exhumed and burnt, 1532 ^[186]
• John Tooley, poulterer, exhumed and burnt, 4 June 1555 ^[187]
• James Trevisam, died 3 July 1555 and summoned posthumously to appear before the bishop^[188]
• Catherine, wife of Peter Martyr Vermigli, exhumed 1556, Cambridge^[189]
• Martin Bucer, Professor of Divinity, exhumed and burnt 6 February 1557, Cambridge^[189][190]
• Paul Fagius, Lecturer in Hebrew, exhumed and burnt 6 February 1557, Cambridge^[189][190]
• Joan Seaman, early 1558, refused burial at Mendlesham^[163]
• John Glover, gentleman, 'about the latter end of Queen Mary', ordered to be exhumed^[99]
• William Glover, September 1558, refused burial at Wem, Shropshire^[99]
• Edward Burton, 15 January 1559, refused burial at Shrewsbury^[99]

Those who sickened or died in prison

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of death	Place of death	References
	Henry VIII
1.	Christopher, a Dutchman	Antwerp, Flanders		1531	died in prison at Westminster	[186]
2.	John Porter	Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire and St Sepulchre's, London	tailor	1542	Newgate Prison, London	[37][50]
3.	Thomas Sommers	London	merchant	About 1542	Tower of London,	[37][38]
	Mary I
1C.	John Alcock (or Awcock)	Hadleigh, Suffolk	shearman	2 April 1555	Newgate Prison, London	[191][192]
2.	William Minge		clergyman – priest	2 July 1555	Maidstone Prison, Kent	[7][188]
3.	John Aleworth			July 1555	Reading Prison, Berkshire	[n 38][84]
4.	... Tingle			September 1555	Newgate Prison, London	[7][193]
5.[n 39][194]	George Kyng (or King)				sickened in Lollard's Tower	[7][94][194]
6.	Jhon Lesse				Newgate Prison, London	[7][n 40][94]
7.	John Wade				sickened in Lollard's Tower	[94]
8.	William Androwes (or Andrew, or Andrews)	Horsley, Essex	carpenter		Newgate Prison, London	[7][94]
9.	James Gore			7 December 1555	Colchester Prison, Essex	[7][105]
10.	William Wiseman		clothworker	13 December 1555,	Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London
11.	Margaret Eliot (or Ellis)	Billericay, Essex	maid	May 1556	Newgate Prison, London	[7][117]
12.	William Sleeke (or Slech)			31 May 1556	'King's Bench' Southwark, Surrey	[7][121]
13.	William Adheral		minister	24 June 1556
14.	John Clemente		wheelwright	26 June 1556
15.	Thomas Parret			27 June 1556		[124][125]
16.	Martyne Hunte			29 June 1556
17.	John Morris (or Morice)
18.	John Careless	Coventry, Warwickshire	weaver	1 July 1556		[7][195]
19.–21.	William Dangerfield, his wife Joan and their infant child				sickened in prison	[85]
22.–24.	Three people			October 1556	Chichester Castle, Sussex (or Canterbury Castle, Kent, according to Knox)	[66][85]
25.	John Clark			in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle, Kent	[85]
26.	Dunston Chittenden
27.	William Foster	Stone, Kent
28.	Alice Potkins	Staplehurst, Kent
29.	John Archer	Cranbrook, Kent
30.	John Thurston	taken at Much Bentley, Essex		May 1557	Colchester Castle, Essex	[151]
31.	N. Ambrose			about June 1557 (according to Foxe), or July 1557 (according to Farr)	Maidstone Prison, Kent	[7][124][196]
32.	John Dale	Hadleigh, Suffolk	weaver		Bury St Edmunds Prison	[7][169]
33.	Matthew Withers (or Wythers)			June 1558	Newgate Prison, London	[7][167]
34.	Thomas Tyler

See also

• Christianity portal

• Marian exiles
• Martyrs' Memorial
• Foxe's Book of Martyrs
• Religion in the United Kingdom
• Oxford Martyrs
• List of people executed in Smithfield
• Coventry Martyrs
• Martyrs Mirror, a book with a similar theme dealing with primarily with Anabaptist martyrs
• Short, sharp shock

Notes

1. 'Foxe has a terse report in the Rerum of an old man of Buckingham- shire being executed in 1531 for eating pork during Lent (Rerum, p. 126). Foxe's source for this episode is unknown; Bale does not mention this old man in any of his works. Perhaps Laurence Humphrey, who was Foxe's friend, a native of Buckinghamshire, and who was with Foxe in Basel, was the source for this story. In any case, the Rerum account was translated word-for-word in the 1563 edition. The story was dropped from all subsequent editions, possibly because Foxe grew unsure of this individual's existence or at least of his ability to prove it.' Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
2. Foxe describes him as being 'mad and beside his right senses ... and destitute of sense and reason'. The Critical Apparatus to Foxe's Book of Martyrs lists a number of unorthodox beliefs which he held.
3. Foxe describes him as being 'mad ... ravished of his wits ... beside his wits'.
4. Six months before the execution of Robert Harvey for treason in Spring 1541 Harvey#C241.56 Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
5. 'within the space of a year, or thereabout, after' the previous man
6. The 1563 edition of Foxe's Book of Martyrs records that William Dighel was burned at about the same time as Nicholas Sheterden. However, this information is not repeated in subsequent editions of Foxe's work. "Was his omission in subsequent editions due to an accident in the print shop or did Foxe come to doubt his information on Dighel?"
7. husband of Elizabeth Warne, burnt in August 1555
8. May be the same as ... Butter, burnt (day unknown) June 1555, Location unknown (the Regester)
9. Buried in St. Michaels & All Angels Marble placed in 1748
10. which calls him 'Sir Franke'
11. The same as Jone Polley, burnt (day unknown) July 1555, Location unknown (the Regester)
12. Foxe erred in stating that Polley came from Pepenbury; see PRO C/85/144/33r.
13. widow of John Warne, burnt in May 1555
14. which says that 'Joan Lashford ... was the daughter of one Robert Lashford ..., and of ... Elizabeth, who afterward was married to John Warne'
15. may be the same as Jone Painter (the Regester)
16. which refers to 'two women in Ippeswiche towne'
17. which refers to 'two brethren more'
18. which refers to 'two at Glocester'
19. which refers to 'two men and a syster dere'
20. 'The Regester' states that a person called 'Milwright' was burnt along with Harland, Oswald, Reed and Avington. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs, although he does appear in
21. may be the same as John Milles
22. the same as 'A merchant's servant burned at Leicester' and the same as 'the yong man at Leicester'
23. which refers to "two women"
24. her husband then married Christian George, mentioned below
25. May be an error for Edward Horne, burnt at Newent, Gloucestershire in September 1558. Foxe states that a woman was burnt with Horne. However, the Critical Apparatus quotes a letter from Foxe's papers stating that 'Edward Horne's wife was condemned with him but she recanted and her life was spared'
26. which refers to 'two at Wye'
27. which refers to 'two at Asheforde'. A number of Kentish people of Ashford Area are recorded as having been burnt 16 January 1556 at Ashford, Kent in Ashford Borough Council – Parks and Open Spaces. However, at this time the civil or legal year in England began on 25 March, so the date now known as 16 January 1557 would then have been recorded as 16 January 1556.
28. William Carman burnt unknown month 1557 and Thomas Carman burnt 19 May 1558 were brothers
29. may be the same as Jhon Lothesby, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester)
30. may be the same as Annis Hide, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester)
31. which records an 'other' burnt with Morant and Grathwick
32. May be the same as Christian Grover of the archdeaconry of Lewes
33. 'The Regester' states that a person called 'Hayne' was burnt along with Cuthbert Symion. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs.
34. 'The Regester' gives the name of the woman burnt with Alexander Gooch as Elizabeth Launson.
35. An Anabaptist
36. A Unitarian
37. An Arian
38. may be the same as William Ailewarde (the Regester)
39. Richard Smith is said to have died in prison (day unknown) September, Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London in 'the Regester', but is described as 'non-existent' in
40. may be the same as Thomas Leyes of Thorpe, Essex, sickened in Lollard's Tower, died (day unknown) September, Location unknown

References

1. David Loades: Power in Tudor England. New York: St Martin's Press, 1997.
2. Richards, Judith M. Mary Tudor, Routledge 2009 ISBN 0415327210
3. Christopher Haigh (29 May 1987). The English Reformation Revised. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33631-4. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
4. Kenneth O. Morgan (1 April 2009). The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain. Oxford University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-19-954475-2. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
5. Duffy, Eamon Fires of Faith: Catholic England Under Mary Tudor, New Haven, Yale 2008 ISBN 0300152167
6. "Fox's Book of Martyrs". Ccel.org. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
7. Thomas Bryce, "The Regester" in Edward Farr, ed., Select Poetry of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. 1845.
8. Margaret Baker (4 March 2008). Discovering London Statues and Monuments. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7478-0495-6. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
9. "The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
10. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 170. Mummuth and Hitton
11. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 179. Thomas Benet
12. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 171. Thomas Bilney
13. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 173. Richard Bayfield, martyr
14. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 174. John Tewkesbury, leatherseller, of London, martyr
15. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 1563 Edition | Book 3 | Page 546
16. Gairdner, James Lollardy and the Reformation in England: An Historical Survey London, Macmillan and Co, 1908, Vol 1, P 392, Note 1
17. Andrews, William Eusebius (1826). Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs, Page 119 – William Eusebius Andrews – Google Books. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
18. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 176. James Bainham, lawyer and martyr
19. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 177. John Bent and others
20. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 166. Martyrs in Scotland and England, 1525–32
21. David Daniell, 'Frith, John (1503–1533)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2006 accessed 21 Sept 2014
22. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 178. John Frith and Andrew Hewet
23. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 181. King Henry's breach with Rome. See Susan Brigden, London and the Reformation [Oxford,1989], pp. 270–71 for the background to these executions.
24. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 1583 edition, Book 8, page 1073
25. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 192. Other martyrs, 1538. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
26. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
27. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 191. John Lambert. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
28. Stow's Annals of England to 1603, P971
29. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 222. Three divers sorts of judgments amongst the papists, against heretics as they call them. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
30. Stow's Annals of England to 1603, p. 974
31. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 197. The history of Robert Barnes, Thomas Garret, and William Jerome, divines. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
32. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 175. John Randall and Edward Freese. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
33. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
34. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 199. Further persecution arising from the Six Articles. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
35. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
36. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
37. 200. John Porter, Thomas Sommers, and others. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
38. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – Glossary of People
39. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – Glossary of People
40. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
41. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 204. Persecution in Calais. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
42. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 203. Four Windsor Martyrs. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
43. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – Glossary of People
44. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – Glossary of People
45. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – Glossary of People
46. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 207. John Athy, John Heywood, Kerby, and Roger Clarke
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51. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 211. One Rogers, a martyr, burned in Norfolk
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55. David Hume, The History of England, vol. 3 Chapter XXXIV
56. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 264. John Rogers. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
57. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 265. Laurence Saunders. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
58. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 266. John Hooper. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
59. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 267. Rowland Taylor. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
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68. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 279. George Marsh. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
69. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 280. William Flower. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
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74. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 291. Thomas Osmond, William Bamford, Thomas Osborne and others.Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
75. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 292. John Bradford. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
76. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 294. The execution of Leaf and Bradford. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
77. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 293. John Leaf, burnt with Bradford. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
78. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 297. John Bland Exclassics.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
79. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 298. Nicholas Shetterden, John Frankesh and Humphrey Middleton. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
80. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 299. Nicholas Hall and Christopher Wade. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
81. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
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83. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 300. Dirick Carver and John Launder. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
84. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 301. Thomas Iveson, John Aleworth and James Abbes. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
85. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 351. Other martyrs in 1556. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013
86. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 1583 edition
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88. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 307. Robert Smith. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
89. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 303. William Coker, William Hopper, Henry Laurence, Richard Colliar, Richard Wright, and William Stere. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
90. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 305. Elizabeth Warne. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
91. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
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93. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 309. Robert Samuel. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
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95. "Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 310. William Allen, Roger Coo, and Thomas Cobb". Exclassics.com. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
96. Image of FOXE: BOOK OF MARTYRS. – The Burning Of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward And George Broadbridge At Canterbury, England, 12 July 1555. Line Engraving, From A Late 18th Century English Edition Of John Foxe's 'The Book Of Martyrs,' First Published In 1563. From The Granger Collection. Granger.com. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
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101. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 314. William Wolsey and Robert Pygot. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
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103. Susan Wabuda, 'Latimer, Hugh (c. 1485–1555)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 accessed 27 June 2013
104. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 321. The execution of Ridley and Latimer Exclassics.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
105. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 325. John Webbe, George Roper, Gregory Parke, William Wiseman, and James Gore. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
106. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 326. John Philpot. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
107. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 329. Thomas Whittle, Bartlet Green, John Tudson, John Went, Thomas Browne; Isabel Foster, and Joan Warne, Alias Lashford. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
108. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 330. John Lomas, Anne Albright, Joan Catmer, Agnes Snoth, and Joan Sole. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
109. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 332. Agnes Porter and Joan Trunchfield. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
110. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 331. Thomas Cranmer. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
111. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 333. John Maundrel, William Coberley, and John Spicer. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
112. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 336. John Harpole and Joan Beach. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
113. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 337: John Hullier. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
114. Babraham History Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
115. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 334. Robert Drakes, William Tyms, Richard Spurge, Thomas Spurge, John Cavel, George Ambrose. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
116. Foxe's Book of Martyrs 338. Christopher Lyster, John Mace, John Spencer, Simon Joyne, Richard Nichols and John Hamond. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
117. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 339. Hugh Laverock, John Apprice, Katharine Hut, Elizabeth Thackvel, and Joan Horns. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
118. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 340. Thomas Drowry and Thomas Croker. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 24 May 2013
119. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 341. Persecution in Suffolk. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 24 May 2013
120. "Woodmancote Martyrs". Acutting.co.uk. 6 June 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
121. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 343: Other Martyrs, June 1556. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 24 May 2013
122. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 370: Persecution in Lichfield and Chichester. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 24 May 2013
123. 'Christ's victory over Satan's tyranny', Thomas Mason, 1615
124. Andrews, William Eusebius (1826). Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs – William Eusebius Andrews – Google Books. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
125. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 345. Trouble and business in the diocese of Lichfield and elsewhere, June–July 1556. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
126. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 344. Thirteen Martyrs Burned at Stratford-Le-Bow. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 24 May 2013
127. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 378. Three Colchester Martyrs. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013
128. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 348. Julius (sic) Palmer, John Gwin and Thomas Askin. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013
129. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 350. Katharine Cawches, Guillemine Gilbert, Perotine Massey, and an infant, the son of Perotine Massey. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013
130. Martyrdom in East Grinstead « Tudor stuff: Tudor history from the heart of England. Tudorstuff.wordpress.com. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
131. James Fawckner NichollsBristol Past and Present: Civil history (1881), p. 248
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133. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 368. John Noyes. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
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137. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 1583 Edition, Book 12, Page 1994
138. Bloomfield's History of Norfolk, Vol 3 'The history of the city of Norwich', Chapter 26 'Of the City in Queen Mary's Time'
139. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 356. Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thirtel, Margaret Hide, and Agnes Stanley. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013
140. The Acts and Monuments: A story of 5 other Godly Martyrs Burned at one fire in Smithfield. Johnfoxe.org. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
141. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 388. Richard Sharp, Thomas Benion, and Thomas Hale. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013
142. Blanchard, A. Book of Martyrs, or, A History of the Lives ... Infidel Persecutions. Buffalo, NY: N. G. Ellis, 1845.
143. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 357. Stephen Gratwick. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013
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146. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Glossary of People
147. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 360. Richard Woodman and nine others. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013
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151. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 362. Ten Colchester Martyrs. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
152. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 364. Richard Crashfield. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
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154. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 387. Prest's (sic) wife, a godly poor woman which suffered at Exeter. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013
155. Richings, R (1860) The Mancetter martyrs: the suffering and martyrdom of Mr Robert Glover and Mrs Joice [sic] Lewis (London: pp xiii/xiv)
156. "Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 365. Joyce Lewes". Exclassics.com. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
157. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 366. Ralph Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
158. Burning of Cicely Ormes, at Norwich. Kamglobal.org. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
159. Martyrs – Mrs Cicely Ormes. Martyrs.ca. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
160. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 369. Cicely Ormes. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
161. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 371. THOMAS SPURDANCE. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
162. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 372. John Hallingdale, William Sparrow, and Richard Gibson. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
163. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 373. John Rough and Margaret Mearing. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 29 May 2013
164. Memorial to William Nichol, martyr:: OS grid SM9515 :: Geograph Britain and Ireland – photograph every grid square!. Geograph.org.uk (18 June 2007). Retrieved 16 August 2012.
165. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 375. William Nichol. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013
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167. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 380. THIRTEEN ISLINGTON MARTYRS. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
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169. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 381. Richard Yeoman. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
170. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 384. The unjust execution and martyrdom of four, burnt at St. Edmund's Bury.. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
171. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 383. Thomas Benbridge, Gentleman and Martyr. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
172. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 1583 edition, page 2173
173. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 385. Alice Driver and Alexander Gouch. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
174. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 386. Philip Humfrey, and John and Henry David. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
175. Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 389. The last martyrs. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
176. Antonio de Guaras to Gabriel de Zayas, 25 July 1575, printed in Calendar of Letters and State Papers Relating to English Affairs: Preserved Principally in the Archives of Simancas: Volume 2, PP 499–500, Martin A. S. Hume, Cambridge University Press, 3 Oct 2013
177. Alexander Gordon, 'Hamont, Matthew (d. 1579)', rev. Stephen Wright, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 25 Aug 2014
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179. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Greenwood, John". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press; Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barrowe, Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 442–443
180. John Penry (1563–1593), the Welsh Puritan preacher and author. Briefly imprisoned in 1587 for his book the Aequity of an Humble Supplication, in which he called for more preaching in the Welsh language. Returned to London from exile in Scotland in September 1592, and allied himself with the Separatist followers of Henry Barrow. Arrested on 22 March 1592/3. Indicted under the Act of Uniformity (1 Eliz. 1. c. 2). Executed by hanging at S. Thomas a Watering on 29 May 1593. The first signature on his death warrant was that of John Whitgift, Elizabeth I's Archbishop of Canterbury. Sources : PENRY, JOHN, by Robert Tudur Jones, Dictionary of Welsh Biography, https://biography.wales/article/s-PENR-JOH-1563 accessed 25 May 2016; 'Crefydd, Cenedlgarwch a'r Wladwriaeth: John Penry (1563–1593) a Phiwritaniaeth Gynnar', John Gwynfor Jones (University of Wales Press, 2014); BBC News article on the call by Welsh Independents for an apology from the Anglican Church: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/wales/south_west/7402541.stm Published: 2008/05/15 14:01:01. Retrieved 25 May 2016
181. David R. Como, 'Legate, Bartholomew (d. 1612)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 accessed 25 Aug 2014
182. Stephen Wright, 'Wightman, Edward (bap. 1580?, d. 1612)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 25 Aug 2014
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184. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
185. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
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187. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 285. John Tooley. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
188. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 296. William Minge and James Trevisam. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
189. Foxe's Book of Martyrs:352 The visitation at Cambridge; exhumations and burnings. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013
190. The British magazine and monthly register of religious and ecclesiastical ... – Hugh James Rose, Samuel Roffey Maitland – Google Books. 1839. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
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192. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 382. John Alcock. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
193. Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
194. The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1576 edition). Editorial commentary and additional information (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011). Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Accessed: 28.04.13
195. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 347. The death of John Careless, in the King's Bench. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
196. Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 361. AMBROSE (FIRST NAME UNKNOWN), RICHARD LUSH, THOMAS READ, SIMON MILLER AND ELIZABETH COOPER. Exclassics.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

External links

• List of martyrs according to Foxe
• List of martyrs according to Summers