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A total of 71 Japanese-born[1][2] players have played in at least one Major League Baseball (MLB) game. Of these players, twelve are on existing MLB rosters. The first instance of a Japanese player playing in MLB occurred in 1964, when the Nankai Hawks, a Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) team, sent three exchange prospects to the United States to gain experience in MLB's minor league system. One of the players, pitcher Masanori Murakami, was named the California League Rookie of the Year while playing for the Fresno Giants (the San Francisco Giants' Class-A team). Giants executives were impressed with his talent and on September 1, 1964, Murakami was promoted, thus becoming the first Japanese player to play in MLB, as well as being the first Asian player.[3] After Murakami put up good pitching statistics as a reliever, Giants executives sought to exercise a clause in their contract with the Hawks that, they claimed, allowed them to buy up an exchange prospect's contract. NPB officials objected, stating that they had no intention of selling Murakami's contract to the Giants and telling them that Murakami was merely on loan for the 1964 season. After a two-month stalemate the Giants eventually agreed to send Murakami back to the Hawks after the 1965 season. This affair led to the 1967 United States – Japanese Player Contract Agreement, also known as the "Working Agreement", between MLB and NPB, which was basically a hands-off policy.[4][5]
For thirty years Murakami was the only Japanese player to appear in an MLB game. Pitcher Hideo Nomo, with the help of agent Don Nomura, became the second Japanese player to play in MLB in 1995. Nomo, who was not yet eligible for free agency in Japan, was advised by Nomura that a "voluntary retirement" clause in the Working Agreement did not specify that a player wishing to play again after retiring must return to NPB. Nomo utilized this loophole to void his NPB contract with the Kintetsu Buffaloes and play in MLB. He announced his retirement from NPB in late 1994 and signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers in February 1995.[6] Nomo's maneuver and Hideki Irabu's later MLB contractual complications were contributing factors to a major revision of the Working Agreement in 1998 that created the posting system.[7] Since its inception 22 Japanese players have been signed through the system, however one of these players, Shinji Mori, did not play in a single MLB game due to an injury. NPB players who have nine or more years of playing service with NPB can become international free agents and do not need to enter MLB through the posting system.[8] The remaining Japanese players that have played in MLB have either signed as free agents or signed as amateur players. Mac Suzuki, Kazuhito Tadano, and Junichi Tazawa are the only Japanese players to have debuted in MLB without previously playing in NPB.[9][10][11] All 30 MLB teams have had at least one Japanese player on their roster.
Japanese players have had a range of success in MLB. Twelve players have been selected to participate in the All-Star Game; Ichiro Suzuki has made the most appearances with ten. In addition to these selections, Ichiro has won several prestigious MLB awards including the American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award and the AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in 2001, the All-Star Game MVP Award in 2007 and multiple Gold Glove and Silver Slugger Awards. Ichiro also holds the MLB record for the recording the most hits in a single season. Hideo Nomo was the only Japanese pitcher to throw a no-hitter until Hisashi Iwakuma accomplished the feat on August 12, 2015. Nomo threw two in total; the first came in 1996 and the last occurred in 2001.
Currently, Shohei Ohtani is the only player in MLB history to win the AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award twice unanimously in 2021 and 2023, the first player in MLB history with 10 wins and 40 home runs in a season,[12] and the first player in MLB history to be named to both first teams for the 2023 All-MLB Team in the same season (as a designated hitter and starting pitcher respectively).[13] Ohtani is also the first Japanese-born player to hit for the cycle, the first Japanese-born player to win a major league home run title, leading the American League with 44 home runs[14] the first Japanese-born player to win the AL Hank Aaron Award,[15] and the first Japanese player to have the most popular Major League Baseball jersey sales.[16] In addition, Ohtani has also won the American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award in 2018, two Silver Slugger Awards, and multiple Edgar Martínez Outstanding Designated Hitter Awards.[17] Ohtani also signed the largest contract in professional sports history, a 10-year $700 million contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers.[18] while Yoshinobu Yamamoto received the most guaranteed dollars ever given to a pitcher, signing a 12-year, $325 million contract with the Dodgers.[19]
Thirteen Japanese players have played in the World Series. Of these players, So Taguchi has won the most with two and Hideki Matsui is the only one to win the World Series MVP Award. The 2007 World Series had the most Japanese players, with Daisuke Matsuzaka and Hideki Okajima pitching for the Boston Red Sox, and Kazuo Matsui playing for the Colorado Rockies.
* |
Signed with a Major League Baseball team via the posting system |
---|---|
§ |
Signed with a Major League Baseball team without first playing for a Nippon Professional Baseball team |
† |
Inducted into the Meikyukai (Golden Players Club) |
‡ |
Inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame |
Player | Position | MLB debut | Final MLB game | Games | Former MLB Team(s) | League/status | Team | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masanori Murakami | P | September 1, 1964 | October 1, 1965 | 54 | San Francisco Giants (1964–1965) | Retired | — | [41] |
Hideo Nomo†‡ | P | May 2, 1995 | April 18, 2008 | 324 | Los Angeles Dodgers (1995–1998, 2002–2004) New York Mets (1998) Milwaukee Brewers (1999) Detroit Tigers (2000) Boston Red Sox (2001) Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2005) Kansas City Royals (2008) |
Retired (Special Advisor) |
San Diego Padres | [42][43] |
Mac Suzuki§ | P | July 7, 1996 | June 28, 2002 | 117 | Seattle Mariners (1996, 1998–1999) Kansas City Royals (1999–2001, 2002) Colorado Rockies (2001) Milwaukee Brewers (2001) |
Retired | — | [44] |
Shigetoshi Hasegawa | P | April 5, 1997 | September 28, 2005 | 517 | Anaheim Angels (1997–2001) Seattle Mariners (2002–2005) |
Retired | — | [45] |
Takashi Kashiwada | P | May 1, 1997 | September 18, 1997 | 35 | New York Mets (1997) | Retired | — | [46] |
Hideki Irabu | P | July 10, 1997 | July 12, 2002 | 126 | New York Yankees (1997–1999) Montreal Expos (2000–2001) Texas Rangers (2002) |
Deceased (July 27, 2011) |
— | [47] |
Masato Yoshii | P | April 5, 1998 | September 11, 2002 | 162 | New York Mets (1998–1999) Colorado Rockies (2000) Montreal Expos (2001–2002) |
Retired (Manager) |
Chiba Lotte Marines | [48] |
Masao Kida | P | April 5, 1999 | August 3, 2005 | 65 | Detroit Tigers (1999–2000) Los Angeles Dodgers (2003–2004) Seattle Mariners (2004–2005) |
Retired (Manager) |
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters farm team | [49] |
Tomokazu Ohka | P | July 19, 1999 | October 4, 2009 | 204 | Boston Red Sox (1999–2001) Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals (2001–2005) Milwaukee Brewers (2005–2006) Toronto Blue Jays (2007) Cleveland Indians (2009) |
Retired (Pitching Coach) |
Yokohama DeNA BayStars farm team | [50] |
Kazuhiro Sasaki†‡ | P | April 5, 2000 | September 28, 2003 | 228 | Seattle Mariners (2000–2003) | Retired | — | [51] |
Ichiro Suzuki*† | OF | April 2, 2001 | March 21, 2019 | 2,653 | Seattle Mariners (2001–2012, 2018–2019) New York Yankees (2012–2014) Miami Marlins (2015–2017) |
Retired (Special Assistant to the chairman) |
Seattle Mariners | [52][53] |
Tsuyoshi Shinjo | OF | April 3, 2001 | June 27, 2003 | 303 | New York Mets (2001, 2003) San Francisco Giants (2002) |
Retired (Manager) |
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters | [54] |
Takahito Nomura | P | April 3, 2002 | May 15, 2002 | 21 | Milwaukee Brewers (2002) | Retired | — | [55] |
Satoru Komiyama | P | April 4, 2002 | September 11, 2002 | 25 | New York Mets (2002) | Retired (Manager) |
Waseda University | [56] |
Kazuhisa Ishii* | P | April 6, 2002 | September 28, 2005 | 105 | Los Angeles Dodgers (2002–2004) New York Mets (2005) |
Retired (General Manager/Manager) |
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | [57] |
So Taguchi | OF | June 10, 2002 | October 4, 2009 | 672 | St. Louis Cardinals (2002–2007) Philadelphia Phillies (2008) Chicago Cubs (2009) |
Retired (Outfield/Baserunning Coach) |
Orix Buffaloes | [58] |
Hideki Matsui†‡ | OF | March 31, 2003 | July 22, 2012 | 1,236 | New York Yankees (2003–2009) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2010) Oakland Athletics (2011) Tampa Bay Rays (2012) |
Retired (Special Advisor to the General Manager) |
New York Yankees | [59][60] |
Kazuo Matsui† | IF | April 6, 2004 | May 18, 2010 | 630 | New York Mets (2004–2006) Colorado Rockies (2006–2007) Houston Astros (2008–2010) |
Retired (Manager) |
Saitama Seibu Lions | [61] |
Akinori Otsuka* | P | April 6, 2004 | July 1, 2007 | 236 | San Diego Padres (2004–2005) Texas Rangers (2006–2007) |
Retired (Pitching Coach) |
Chunichi Dragons | [62] |
Shingo Takatsu†‡ | P | April 9, 2004 | October 2, 2005 | 99 | Chicago White Sox (2004–2005) New York Mets (2005) |
Retired (Manager) |
Tokyo Yakult Swallows | [63][64] |
Kazuhito Tadano§ | P | April 27, 2004 | July 16, 2005 | 15 | Cleveland Indians (2004–2005) | Retired | — | [65] |
Tadahito Iguchi† | IF | April 4, 2005 | September 28, 2008 | 493 | Chicago White Sox (2005–2007) Philadelphia Phillies (2007, 2008) San Diego Padres (2008) |
Retired | — | [66] |
Keiichi Yabu | P | April 9, 2005 | September 27, 2008 | 100 | Oakland Athletics (2005) San Francisco Giants (2008) |
Retired | — | [67] |
Norihiro Nakamura*† | IF | April 10, 2005 | May 6, 2005 | 17 | Los Angeles Dodgers (2005) | Retired (Hitting Coach) |
Chunichi Dragons farm team | [68] |
Kenji Johjima | C | April 3, 2006 | October 3, 2009 | 462 | Seattle Mariners (2006–2009) | Retired (Special Advisor to the chairman) |
Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks | [69] |
Takashi Saito | P | April 9, 2006 | September 30, 2012 | 338 | Los Angeles Dodgers (2006–2008) Boston Red Sox (2009) Atlanta Braves (2010) Milwaukee Brewers (2011) Arizona Diamondbacks (2012) |
Retired (Pitching Coach) |
Yokohama DeNA BayStars | [70] |
Akinori Iwamura* | IF | April 2, 2007 | September 26, 2010 | 408 | Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays (2007–2009) Pittsburgh Pirates (2010) Oakland Athletics (2010) |
Retired (Manager) |
Fukushima Red Hopes | [71] |
Hideki Okajima | P | April 2, 2007 | June 13, 2013 | 266 | Boston Red Sox (2007–2011) Oakland Athletics (2013) |
Retired | — | [72] |
Daisuke Matsuzaka* | P | April 5, 2007 | September 25, 2014 | 158 | Boston Red Sox (2007–2012) New York Mets (2013–2014) |
Retired | — | [73][74] |
Kei Igawa* | P | April 7, 2007 | June 27, 2008 | 16 | New York Yankees (2007–2008) | Retired | — | [75] |
Masumi Kuwata | P | June 10, 2007 | August 13, 2007 | 19 | Pittsburgh Pirates (2007) | Retired (Manager) |
Yomiuri Giants farm team | [76] |
Kosuke Fukudome† | OF | March 31, 2008 | June 3, 2012 | 596 | Chicago Cubs (2008–2011) Cleveland Indians (2011) Chicago White Sox (2012) |
Retired | — | [77][78] |
Kazuo Fukumori | P | March 31, 2008 | April 24, 2008 | 4 | Texas Rangers (2008) | Retired | — | [79] |
Masahide Kobayashi | P | April 2, 2008 | May 7, 2009 | 67 | Cleveland Indians (2008–2009) | Retired | — | [80] |
Hiroki Kuroda† | P | April 4, 2008 | September 25, 2014 | 212 | Los Angeles Dodgers (2008–2011) New York Yankees (2012–2014) |
Retired (Team Advisor) |
Hiroshima Toyo Carp | [81] |
Yasuhiko Yabuta | P | April 5, 2008 | October 4, 2009 | 43 | Kansas City Royals (2008–2009) | Retired | — | [82] |
Koji Uehara† | P | April 8, 2009 | September 2, 2017 | 436 | Baltimore Orioles (2009–2011) Texas Rangers (2011–2012) Boston Red Sox (2013–2016) Chicago Cubs (2017) |
Retired | — | [83] |
Kenshin Kawakami | P | April 11, 2009 | September 9, 2010 | 52 | Atlanta Braves (2009–2010) | Retired | — | [84] |
Ken Takahashi | P | May 2, 2009 | September 25, 2009 | 28 | New York Mets (2009) | Retired (Pitching Coach) |
Hiroshima Toyo Carp farm team | [85][86] |
Junichi Tazawa§ | P | August 7, 2009 | September 30, 2018 | 388 | Boston Red Sox (2009–2016) Miami Marlins (2017–2018) Los Angeles Angels (2018) |
Amateur League | ENEOS | [87][88] |
Hisanori Takahashi | P | April 7, 2010 | April 11, 2013 | 168 | New York Mets (2010) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2011–2012) Pittsburgh Pirates (2012) Chicago Cubs (2013) |
Retired | — | [89][90] |
Ryota Igarashi | P | April 8, 2010 | August 12, 2012 | 83 | New York Mets (2010–2011) Toronto Blue Jays (2012) New York Yankees (2012) |
Retired | — | [91][92] |
Tsuyoshi Nishioka* | IF | April 1, 2011 | August 8, 2012 | 71 | Minnesota Twins (2011–2012) | KAL (Player-Manager) |
Fukuoka Kitakyushu Phoenix | [93][94] |
Yoshinori Tateyama | P | May 24, 2011 | September 26, 2012 | 53 | Texas Rangers (2011–2012) | Retired (Pitching Coach) |
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters | [95][96] |
Nori Aoki*† | OF | April 6, 2012 | October 1, 2017 | 759 | Milwaukee Brewers (2012–2013) Kansas City Royals (2014) San Francisco Giants (2015) Seattle Mariners (2016) Houston Astros (2017) Toronto Blue Jays (2017) New York Mets (2017) |
NPB/CL | Tokyo Yakult Swallows | [97][98][99] |
Munenori Kawasaki | IF | April 7, 2012 | October 2, 2016 | 276 | Seattle Mariners (2012) Toronto Blue Jays (2013–2015) Chicago Cubs (2016) |
BCL | Tochigi Golden Braves | [100][101] |
Hisashi Iwakuma | P | April 20, 2012 | May 3, 2017 | 150 | Seattle Mariners (2012–2017) | Retired (Special Assignment Coordinator) |
Seattle Mariners | [102][103] |
Kyuji Fujikawa† | P | April 1, 2013 | May 15, 2015 | 29 | Chicago Cubs (2013–2014) Texas Rangers (2015) |
Retired (Special Assistant) |
Hanshin Tigers | [104][105] |
Kensuke Tanaka | OF | July 9, 2013 | July 28, 2013 | 15 | San Francisco Giants (2013) | Retired | — | [106][107] |
Masahiro Tanaka* | P | April 4, 2014 | September 23, 2020 | 174 | New York Yankees (2014–2020) | NPB/PL | Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | [108][109][110] |
Tsuyoshi Wada | P | July 8, 2014 | September 4, 2015 | 21 | Chicago Cubs (2014–2015) | NPB/PL | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks | [111][112][113] |
Toru Murata | P | June 28, 2015 | June 28, 2015 | 1 | Cleveland Indians (2015) | Bundesliga | Bonn Capitals | [114][115] |
Yoshihisa Hirano | P | March 29, 2018 | September 27, 2020 | 150 | Arizona Diamondbacks (2018–2019) Seattle Mariners (2020) |
NPB/PL | Orix Buffaloes | [116][117][118] |
Kazuhisa Makita* | P | March 30, 2018 | September 29, 2018 | 27 | San Diego Padres (2018) | Retired | — | [119][120] |
Yoshi Tsutsugo* | IF | July 24, 2020 | July 31, 2022 | 182 | Tampa Bay Rays (2020–2021) Los Angeles Dodgers (2021) Pittsburgh Pirates (2021–2022) |
MiLB/EL | Richmond Flying Squirrels | [121][122][123] |
Shogo Akiyama | OF | July 24, 2020 | September 16, 2021 | 142 | Cincinnati Reds (2020–2021) | NPB/CL | Hiroshima Toyo Carp | [124][125][126] |
Shun Yamaguchi* | P | July 26, 2020 | September 27, 2020 | 17 | Toronto Blue Jays (2020) | Retired | — | [127][128][129] |
Hirokazu Sawamura | P | April 2, 2021 | August 28, 2022 | 104 | Boston Red Sox (2021–2022) | NPB/PL | Chiba Lotte Marines | [130][131] |
Kohei Arihara* | P | April 3, 2021 | September 10, 2022 | 15 | Texas Rangers (2021–2022) | NPB/PL | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks | [132][133] |
Player | League | Selections | Year(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ichiro Suzuki | AL | 10 | 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 | Inside-the-park home run, All-Star Game MVP (2007)[149] |
Yu Darvish | AL, NL | 5 | 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2021 | Selected as the winner of the Final Vote but did not play (2012)[150][151] Selected but did not play (2013)[152] Selected but did not play (2017) Selected but did not play due to being on the injured list (2021) |
Shohei Ohtani | AL | 3 | 2021, 2022, 2023 | Recorded a win as the starting pitcher (2021) First player in history to be selected as both designated hitter and starting pitcher (2021)[153] Selected as both the designated hitter and a starting pitcher, but did not pitch (2022) Selected as both the designated hitter and a starting pitcher. Automatic selection as the starting DH by leading the AL in votes (2023)[154] |
Kazuhiro Sasaki | AL | 2 | 2001, 2002 | Closed and recorded a save (2001)[155] |
Hideki Matsui | AL | 2 | 2003, 2004 | Selected as the winner of the Final Vote (2004)[156] |
Masahiro Tanaka | AL | 2 | 2014, 2019 | Selected but did not play due to being on the disabled list (2014) Selected in place of injured Marcus Stroman (2019) First Yankee pitcher to win an All-Star Game in 71 years (2019)[157] |
Hideo Nomo | NL | 1 | 1995 | Starting pitcher[158] |
Shigetoshi Hasegawa | AL | 1 | 2003 | |
Hideki Okajima | AL | 1 | 2007 | Selected as the winner of the Final Vote, but did not play[149][159] |
Takashi Saito | NL | 1 | 2007 | |
Kosuke Fukudome | NL | 1 | 2008 | |
Hisashi Iwakuma | AL | 1 | 2013 | Selected but did not play[160] |
Koji Uehara | AL | 1 | 2014 | Selected in place of injured Masahiro Tanaka[161] |
Yusei Kikuchi | AL | 1 | 2021 | Selected but did not play[162] |
Kodai Senga | NL | 1 | 2023 | Selected in place of Marcus Stroman, but did not play[163] |
Player | World Series championships |
World Series appearances |
Year(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hideki Irabu | 2 | 2 | 1998 Yankees
1999 Yankees |
First Japanese player to win a World Series. Did not play in either 1998 or 1999 World Series but was on both active rosters. |
So Taguchi | 2 | 3 | 2004 Cardinals 2006 Cardinals 2008 Phillies |
Did not play in the 2008 World Series, despite being on the Phillies' active roster[164][165][166] |
Hideki Matsui | 1 | 2 | 2003 Yankees 2009 Yankees |
World Series MVP (2009)[167][168] |
Tadahito Iguchi | 1 | 1 | 2005 White Sox | [169] |
Hideki Okajima | 1 | 1 | 2007 Red Sox | First Japanese pitcher to appear in a World Series. With Matsuzaka, first Japanese pitcher to win the World Series. The 2007 World Series was the first in which Japanese players appeared for both teams.[170] |
Daisuke Matsuzaka | 1 | 1 | 2007 Red Sox | First Japanese pitcher to both start and win a World Series game and first Japanese pitcher to win an MLB playoff game during the 2007 postseason. With Okajima, first Japanese pitcher to win the World Series. The 2007 World Series was the first in which Japanese players appeared for both teams.[170] |
Junichi Tazawa | 1 | 1 | 2013 Red Sox | [171] |
Koji Uehara | 1 | 1 | 2013 Red Sox | First Japanese pitcher to record a save in a World Series game[171] |
Kenta Maeda | 0 | 2 | 2017 Dodgers 2018 Dodgers |
First Japanese player to play in consecutive World Series[172] |
Tsuyoshi Shinjo | 0 | 1 | 2002 Giants | First Japanese player to play in a World Series game[173] |
Kazuo Matsui | 0 | 1 | 2007 Rockies | The 2007 World Series was the first in which Japanese players appeared for both teams.[170] |
Akinori Iwamura | 0 | 1 | 2008 Rays | [174] |
Nori Aoki | 0 | 1 | 2014 Royals | [175] |
Yu Darvish | 0 | 1 | 2017 Dodgers | [176] |
Yoshi Tsutsugo | 0 | 1 | 2020 Rays | [177] |
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