List of Lessepsian migrant species

Lessepsian migrants, named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer in charge of the Suez Canal's construction, are marine species that are native to the waters on one side of the Suez Canal, and which have been introduced by passage through the canal to the waters on its other side, giving rise to new colonies there and often becoming invasive.

The Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta, an example of Lessepsian migrant

Most Lessepsian migrations are of Red Sea species invading the Mediterranean Sea; few occur in the opposite direction.

Red Sea species to Mediterranean Sea

The year given denotes the first record in the Mediterranean (often distinct from the year of publication).

Species	Group	Year	Ref.
Acanthurus sohal	Actinopterygii: Acanthuridae	2022	[1]
Acanthurus xanthopterus	Actinopterygii: Acanthuridae	2022	[1]
Actaea savignii	Crustacea: Xanthidae	2010	[2]
Alepes djedaba	Actinopterygii: Carangidae	1927	[3][4]
Alepes kleinii	Actinopterygii: Carangidae	1966	[5]
Alpheus edwardsii	Crustacea: Alpheidae	1924	[6]
Alpheus inopinatus	Crustacea: Alpheidae	1936	[7]
Alpheus rapacida	Crustacea: Alpheidae	1964	[7]
Apogonichthyoides pharaonis	Actinopterygii: Apogonidae	1947	[8]
Aquilonastra burtoni	Echinodermata: Asterinidae	1966	[9]
Arcuatula arcuatula	Mollusca: Mytilidae		[10]
Arcuatula perfragilis	Mollusca: Mytilidae	1960	[10][11]
Arcuatula senhousia	Mollusca: Mytilidae	2004	[12]
Ashtoret lunaris	Crustacea: Matutidae	1987	[7]
Aspidosiphon elegans	Phascolosomatidea: Aspidosiphonidae	1957	[13]
Atergatis roseus	Crustacea: Xanthidae	1961	[7]
Atherinomorus lacunosus	Actinopterygii: Atherinidae	1902	[14]
Belzebub hanseni	Crustacea: Luciferidae	1924	[7]
Brachidontes pharaonis	Mollusca: Mytilidae	1876	[15]
Caesio varilineata	Actinopterygii: Caesionidae	2018	[16]
Callionymus filamentosus	Actinopterygii: Callionymidae	1953	[17][4]
Caloria indica	Mollusca: Facelinidae	1986	[18][19]
Carcharhinus melanopterus	Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae	2005	[20]
Carupa tenuipes	Crustacea: Portunidae	1996	[21]
Champsodon capensis	Actinopterygii: Champsodontidae	2012	[22]
Champsodon nudivittis	Actinopterygii: Champsodontidae	2008	[23]
Champsodon vorax	Actinopterygii: Champsodontidae	2010	[24]
Chaetodon austriacus	Actinopterygii: Chaetodontidae	2011	[25]
Chaetodon larvatus	Actinopterygii: Chaetodontidae	2011	[26]
Charybdis hellerii	Crustacea: Portunidae	1924	[7]
Charybdis longicollis	Crustacea: Portunidae	1959	[7]
Cheilodipterus novemstriatus	Actinopterygii: Apogonidae	2010	[27]
Conus arenatus	Mollusca: Conidae		[10]
Crenidens crenidens	Actinopterygii: Sparidae	1970	[28]
Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus	Actinopterygii: Gobiidae	2015	[29]
Cymothoa indica	Crustacea: Cymothoidae	2009	[30]
Cucurbitula cymbium	Mollusca: Gastrochaenidae		[10]
Decapterus russelli	Actinopterygii: Carangidae	2005	[31]
Diodora ruppellii	Mollusca: Fissurellidae		[10]
Dussumieria acuta	Actinopterygii: Clupeidae	1953	[4]
Epinephelus areolatus	Actinopterygii: Serranidae	2016	[32]
Epinephelus coioides	Actinopterygii: Serranidae	1969	[33]
Epinephelus fasciatus	Actinopterygii: Serranidae	2012	[34]
Epinephelus geoffroyi	Actinopterygii: Serranidae	2015	[34]
Equulites popei	Actinopterygii: Leiognathidae	2011	[35][36]
Equulites klunzingeri	Actinopterygii: Leiognathidae	1931	[37][4]
Eucrate crenata	Crustacea: Goneplacidae	1924	[38][7]
Fenneropenaeus indica	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1981	[6]
Ferosagitta galerita	Chaetognatha: Sagittidae	2003	[39]
Fistularia commersonii	Actinopterygii: Fistulariidae	2000	[40]
Fulvia fragilis	Mollusca: Cardiidae	2005	[41]
Gafrarium pectinatum	Mollusca: Veneridae		[10]
Goniobranchus annulatus	Mollusca: Chromodorididae	2004	[42]
Hemiramphus far	Actinopterygii: Hemiramphidae	1927	[43]
Heniochus intermedius	Actinopterygii: Chaetodontidae	2003	[44]
Herklotsichthys punctatus	Actinopterygii: Clupeidae	1943	[45]
Heterosaccus dollfusi	Crustacea: Sacculinidae	1992	[46]
Himantura uarnak	Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae	1955	[47]
Hippocampus fuscus	Actinopterygii: Syngnathidae	2001	[48]
Hyastenus hilgendorfi	Crustacea: Epialtidae	1960	[7]
Hyporhamphus affinis	Actinopterygii: Hemiramphidae	1964	[49]
Ixa monodi	Crustacea: Leucosiidae	1955	[7]
Jaydia queketti	Actinopterygii: Apogonidae	2006	[50]
Jaydia smithi	Actinopterygii: Apogonidae	2013	[51]
Lagocephalus guentheri	Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae	2005	[52]
Lagocephalus sceleratus	Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae	2016	[53]
Lagocephalus spadiceus	Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae	1953	[4]
Lagocephalus suezensis	Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae	1977	[54]
Leonnates persicus	Annelida: Nereididae	2001	[55]
Leptochela aculeocaudata	Crustacea: Pasiphaeidae	1933	[7]
Leucosia signata	Crustacea: Leucosiidae	1953	[7]
Lophioturris indica	Mollusca: Turridae		[10]
Marsupenaeus japonicus	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1924	[56][7]
Metapenaeus monoceros	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1924	[7]
Metapenaeus stebbingi	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1924	[7]
Metapenaeopsis aegypti	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1990	[57]
Metapenaeopsis mogiensis	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1997	[38]
Modiolus auriculatus	Mollusca: Mytilidae	1960	[10]
Myrax fugax	Crustacea: Leucosiidae	1930	[6]
Nemipterus japonicus	Actinopterygii: Nemipteridae	2006	[58]
Nemipterus randalli	Actinopterygii: Nemipteridae	2006	[59]
Notopus dorsipes	Crustacea: Raninidae	1962	[7]
Ogyrides mjoebergi	Crustacea: Ogyrididae	1947	[7]
Ostorhinchus fasciatus	Actinopterygii: Apogonidae	2008	[60]
Ostracion cubicus	Actinopterygii: Ostraciidae	2011	[61]
Oxyurichthys petersii	Actinopterygii: Oxudercidae	1983	[62]
Palaemonella rotumana	Crustacea: Palaemonidae	1948	[7]
Pampus argenteus	Actinopterygii: Stromateidae	1896	[63]
Panulirus ornatus	Crustacea: Palinuridae	1988	[7]
Papilloculiceps longiceps	Actinopterygii: Platycephalidae	1986	[64]
Parexocoetus mento	Actinopterygii: Exocoetidae	1935	[65]
Parupeneus forsskali	Actinopterygii: Mullidae	2000	[66]
Pelates quadrilineatus	Actinopterygii: Terapontidae	1970	[4]
Penaeus hathor	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1997	[51]
Penaeus semisulcatus	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1928	[7]
Periclimenes calmani	Crustacea: Palaemonidae	1924	[7]
Petroscirtes ancylodon	Actinopterygii: Blenniidae	1989	[67]
Phidiana militaris	Mollusca: Facelinidae	2016	[19]
Pilumnopeus vauquelini	Crustacea: Xanthidae	1924	[7]
Plagusia tuberculata	Crustacea: Grapsidae	1981	[7]
Planiliza carinata	Actinopterygii: Mugilidae	1971	[4]
Platax teira	Actinopterygii: Ephippidae	2010	[68]
Platycephalus indicus	Actinopterygii: Platycephalidae	1953	[64]
Plectorhinchus gaterinus	Actinopterygii: Haemulidae	2016	[69]
Plotosus lineatus	Actinopterygii: Plotosidae	2001	[70]
Pomacanthus imperator	Actinopterygii: Pomacanthidae	2010	[68]
Pomacanthus maculosus	Actinopterygii: Pomacanthidae	2009	[71]
Pomadasys stridens	Actinopterygii: Haemulidae	1969	[72]
Portunus segnis	Crustacea: Portunidae	1898	[73]
Priacanthus sagittarius	Actinopterygii: Priacanthidae	2009	[68]
Processa aequimana	Crustacea: Processidae	1946	[6]
Pteragogus trispilus	Actinopterygii: Labridae	1992	[74]
Pterois miles	Actinopterygii: Scorpaenidae	1992	[75]
Rachycentron canadum	Actinopterygii: Rachycentridae	1986	[76]
Rastrelliger kanagurta	Actinopterygii: Scombridae	1971	[74]
Ratabulus prionotus	Actinopterygii: Platycephalidae	1947	[64]
Rhabdosargus haffara	Actinopterygii: Sparidae	1991	[77]
Rhabdosargus sarba	Actinopterygii: Sparidae	1991	[78]
Rhopilema nomadica	Cnidaria: Rhizostomatidae	1970s	[79]
Sardinella gibbosa	Actinopterygii: Clupeidae	2008	[80]
Sargocentron rubrum	Actinopterygii: Holocentridae	1947	[4]
Saron marmoratus	Crustacea: Hippolytidae	2013	[51]
Saurida lessepsianus	Actinopterygii: Synodontidae	1953	[81][82]
Scarus ghobban	Actinopterygii: Scaridae	1999	[83]
Scomberomorus commerson	Actinopterygii: Scombridae	1935	[84]
Sepia dollfusi	Mollusca: Sepiidae	2015	[85]
Sepia pharaonis	Mollusca: Sepiidae	2003	[86][87]
Sepioteuthis lessoniana	Mollusca: Loliginidae	2002	[88]
Siganus luridus	Actinopterygii: Siganidae	1964	[89]
Siganus rivulatus	Actinopterygii: Siganidae	1927	[90]
Sillago suezensis	Actinopterygii: Sillaginidae	1977	[4][91]
Sphaerozius nitidus	Crustacea: Xanthidae	1976	[7]
Sphyraena chrysotaenia	Actinopterygii: Sphyraenidae	1930	[4]
Sphyraena flavicauda	Actinopterygii: Sphyraenidae	1991	[77]
Spratelloides delicatulus	Actinopterygii: Clupeidae	1978	[92]
Stephanolepis diaspros	Actinopterygii: Monacanthidae	1927	[4]
Synanceia verrucosa	Actinopterygii: Scorpaenidae	2010	[93]
Synchiropus sechellensis	Actinopterygii: Callionymidae	2014	[94]
Terapon jarbua	Actinopterygii: Terapontidae	2010	[95]
Terapon puta	Actinopterygii: Terapontidae	1976	[95]
Tetrosomus gibbosus	Actinopterygii: Ostraciidae	1988	[96]
Thalamita poissonii	Crustacea: Portunidae	1952	[7]
Trachurus indicus	Actinopterygii: Carangidae	2009	[97]
Trachysalambria palaestinensis	Crustacea: Penaeidae	1924	[7]
Trochus erithreus	Mollusca: Trochidae		[10]
Torquigener flavimaculosus	Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae	1987	[52]
Trypauchen vagina	Actinopterygii: Oxudercidae	2011	[98]
Tylerius spinosissimus	Actinopterygii: Tetraodontidae	2005	[99]
Tylosurus choram	Actinopterygii: Belonidae	1963	[100]
Upeneus moluccensis	Actinopterygii: Mullidae	1947	[4]
Upeneus pori	Actinopterygii: Mullidae	1950	[4]
Urocaridella pulchella	Crustacea: Palaemonidae	2008	[21]
Vanderhorstia mertensi	Actinopterygii: Gobiidae	2008	[101]

Mediterranean species to Red Sea

• Argyrosomus regius
• Biuve fulvipunctata
• Gobius cobitis
• Gobius paganellus
• Serranus cabrilla
• Solea aegyptiaca
• Umbrina cirrosa

References

1. Ola Mohamed Nour; Sara A.A; Al Mabruk; Zeinab Khodary; Bruno Zava; Alan Deidun; Maria Corsini-Foka (2022). "First reports of the Sohal surgeonfish, Acanthurus sohal (Forsskål, 1775) (Actinopterygii, Acanthuridae), and the Violet-eyed swimming crab, Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae), from North African waters" (PDF). BioInvasions Records. 11 (4): 1067–1077. doi:10.3391/bir.2022.11.4.24. S2CID 253728495.
2. Selahattin Ünsal Karhan; Mehmet Baki Yokeş; Paul F. Clark; Bella S. Galil (2013). "First Mediterranean record of Actaea savignii (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)(Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae), an additional Erythraean alien crab". BioInvasions Records. 2 (2): 145–148. doi:10.3391/bir.2013.2.2.09.
3. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Alepes djedaba). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 140–141.
4. Ertan Taskavak; Murat Bilecenoglu (2001). "Length–weight relationships for 18 Lessepsian (Red Sea) immigrant fish species from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 81 (5): 895–896. Bibcode:2001JMBUK..81..895T. doi:10.1017/S0025315401004805. S2CID 83652485.
5. Adam, B.T. (1966). "Red Sea Fishes Recently Found in the Mediterranean". Copeia. 1966 (2): 254–275. doi:10.2307/1441133. JSTOR 1441133.
6. Gilberto Rodríguez; Héctor Suárez (2001). "Anthropogenic dispersal of decapod crustaceans in aquatic environments". Interciencia. 26 (7): 282–288.
7. Briand F, Ed.; Galil B; Froglia C; Noël P (2002). CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean: Vol 2 Crustaceans. Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. p. 192. ISBN 92-990003-2-8.
8. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Apogonichthyoides pharaonis). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 132–133.
9. E. Tortones (1953). "Gli Echinodermi viventi presso le coste dello Stato di Israele. (Mar di Levante, Golfo di Elath)". Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino. 4 (4): 39–72.
10. Barash, A.; Z. Danin (1973). "The Indo-Pacific species of Mollusca in the Mediterranean and notes on a collection from the Suez Canal". Israel Journal of Zoology. 21 (3–4): 301–374. Summarised at "OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database". Academy of Natural Sciences. May 17, 2006. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
11. "Musculista perfragilis". ciesm.org. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
12. Mistri, M.; R. Rossi; E.A. Fano (2004). "The spread of an alien bivalve (Musculista Senhousia) in the Sacca di Goro Lagoon (Adriatic Sea, Italy)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 70 (3): 257–261. doi:10.1093/mollus/70.3.257.
13. Açik, Sermin (2008). "Occurrence of the Alien Species Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) elegans (Sipuncula) on the Levantine and Aegean Coasts of Turkey" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 32 (4): 443–448. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-12.
14. Giuseppe Bucciarelli, Daniel Golani; Giacomo Bernardi (2002). "Genetic cryptic species as biological invaders: the case of a Lessepsian fish migrant, the hardyhead silverside Atherinomorus lacunosus". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 273 (2): 143–149. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00138-7.
15. "Brachidontes pharaonis". ciesm.org. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
16. Bos A.R.; J. Ogwang (2018). "Caesio varilineata Carpenter, 1987 (Osteichthyes: Caesionidae) a new alien fish in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). BioInvasions Records. 7 (4): 441–445. doi:10.3391/bir.2018.7.4.15.
17. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Callionymus filamentosus). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 218–219.
18. Gat G. (1993). "Flabellina rubrolineata (O'Donoghue) and Phidiana indica (Bergh) (Nudibranchia: Aeolidioidea), two new Lessepsian immigrants in the Eastern Mediterranean". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 59 (1): 120. doi:10.1093/mollus/59.1.120-a.
19. Shevy B-S Rothman; Henk K. Mienis; Bella S. Galil (2017). "Alien facelinid nudibranchs in the Eastern Mediterranean: first report of Phidiana militaris (Alder and Hancock, 1864) and report of Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896) 30 years after its previous sighting". BioInvasions Records. 6 (2): 125–128. doi:10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.06.
20. Simpfendorfer, C.; Yuneni, R.R.; Tanay, D.; Seyha, L.; Haque, A.B.; Fahmi; Bin Ali, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Gautama, D.A.; Maung, A.; Sianipar, A.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Vo, V.Q (2020). "Carcharhinus melanopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39375A58303674. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39375A58303674.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
21. Baki Yokes; Bella S. Galil (2006). "New records of alien decapods (Crustacea) from the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, with a description of a new palaemonid species" (PDF). Zoosystema. 28 (3): 747–755.
22. Cem Dalyan; Emre Yemisken; L. Eryılmaz (2012). "A new record of gaper (Champsodon capensis Regan, 1908) in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 28 (5): 834–835. Bibcode:2012JApIc..28..834D. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02019.x.
23. Erdoğan Çiçek; Murat Bilecenoglu (2009). "A new alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea: Champsodon nudivittis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Champsodontidae)". Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 39 (1): 67–69. doi:10.3750/AIP2009.39.1.14.
24. Michel Bariche (2010). "Champsodon vorax (Teleostei: Champsodontidae), a new alien fish in the Mediterranean". Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology. 16 (4): 197–200. Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
25. Menachem Goran, Roy Gvili; Bella Galil (2011). "The reef-associating butterfly fish Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell, 1836 in the Mediterranean: The implication of behavioral plasticity for bioinvasion hazard assessment". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (supplement 1): s143–s145. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.032.
26. Pierre Salameh; Oren Sonin; Dor Edelist; Daniel Golani (2011). "First record of the Red Sea orangeface butterflyfish Chaetodon larvatus (Cuvier, 1831) in the Mediterranean". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (1, supplement): s53–s56. doi:10.3391/AI.2011.6.S1.012.
27. Michel Bariche; Ernesto Azzuro (2012). "New records and establishment of the Indian Ocean twospot cardinalfish Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell, 1838) in the Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 1 (4): 299–301. doi:10.3391/bir.2012.1.4.10.
28. Golani, Daniel; Azzurro, Ernesto; Jakov, Dulčić; Massutí, Enric; Orsi Relini, Lidia; Briand, Frederic (2021). "Crenidens crenidens". Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (PDF) (2 ed.). Paris,Monaco: CIESM Publishers.
29. Shevy B.S. Rothman; Menachem Goren (2015). "First record of the Red Sea shrimp-goby Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus in the Mediterranean Sea". Marine Biodiversity Records. 8. Bibcode:2015MBdR....8E.157R. doi:10.1017/s1755267215001323.
30. Jean-Paul Trilles; Michel Bariche (2009). "First record of the Indo-Pacific Cymothoa indica (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a Lessepsian species in the Mediterranean Sea". Acta Parasitologica. 51 (3): 223–230. doi:10.2478/s11686-006-0035-3. S2CID 38503621.
31. D. Golani; L. Orsi-Relini; E. Massuti; J. P. Quignard; J. Dulcic; E. Azzurro (2013). "Acceleration of Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean - A Future Sea Change". Rapport du 40e Congres de la CIESM [40th CIESM Congress Proceedings]. Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranée. p. 601.
32. Shevy Bat-Sheva Rothman; Nir Stern; Menachem Goren (2016). "First record of the Indo-Pacific areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". Zootaxa. 4067 (3): 479–483. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4067.4.7. PMID 27395890.
33. John E. Randall (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1808-1.
34. Daniel Golani; Grigori Askarov; Yuri Dashevsky (2015). "First record of the Red Sea spotted grouper, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Serranidae) in the Mediterranean". BioInvasions Records. 4 (2): 143–145. doi:10.3391/bir.2015.4.2.12.
35. Daniel Golani; Ronald Fricke; Brenda Appelbaum-Golani (2011). "First record of the Indo-Pacific slender ponyfish Equulites elongatus (Günther, 1874) (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) in the Mediterranean". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (1, supplement): s75–s77. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.017.
36. Hiromu Suzuki; Seishi Kimura (2017). "Taxonomic revision of the Equulites elongatus (Günther 1874) species group (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new species". Ichthyological Research. 64 (3): 339–352. Bibcode:2017IchtR..64..339S. doi:10.1007/s10228-017-0572-9. S2CID 18329072.
37. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Equulites klunzingeri). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 150–151.
38. Bella S. Galil (1997). "Two Lessepsian migrant decapods new to the coast of Israel". Crustaceana. 70 (1): 111–114. doi:10.1163/156854097x00393. JSTOR 20105834. S2CID 85257213.
39. Tuba Terbiyik; Cem Cevik; Benin Toklu-Alicli; Ercan Sarihan (2007). "First record of Ferosagitta galerita (Dallot, 1971) [Chaetognatha] in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Plankton Research. 29 (8): 721–726. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbm053.
40. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Fistularia commersonii). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 98–99.
41. Bilal Öztürk; Jean-Maurice Poutiers (2005). "Fulvia fragilis (Bivalvia: Cardiidae): a lessepsian mollusc species from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 85 (2): 351–356. Bibcode:2005JMBUK..85..351O. doi:10.1017/S0025315405011252h. S2CID 85790394.
42. Galia Pasternak; Roni Ziv; Gal Eyal; Sigal Shefer; Henk K. Mienis; Oz Rittner; Bella S. Galil (2011). "On the population of Chromodoris annulata Eliot, 1904 (Mollusca: Opistobranchia: Chromodorididae) off the Mediterranean coast of Israel". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (1, supplement): s91–s93. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.021.
43. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Hemiramphus far). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 92–93.
44. Mehmet Gögkoğlu; Türker Bodur; Yasemin Kaya (2003). "First Record of Red Sea Bannerfish (Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, 1893) From The Mediterranean Sea". Israel Journal of Zoology. 43 (4): 324–325. doi:10.1560/016E-U41T-H5KQ-6F9U.
45. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Herklotsichthys punctatus). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 68–69.
46. Bella S. Galil (2000). "Lessepsian immigration: Human impact on Leventine Biogeography". In J. Carel von Vaupel Klein (ed.). The Biodiversity Crisis and Crustacea - Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress Crustacean Issues. CRC Press. pp. 50–51.
47. Fabricio Serena (2005). Field Identification Guide to the Sharks and Rays of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
48. D. Golani; M. Fine (2002). "On the occurrence of Hippocampus fuscus in the eastern Mediterranean". Journal of Fish Biology. 60 (3): 764–766. Bibcode:2002JFBio..60..764G. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01700.x.
49. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Hyporhamphus affinis). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 94–95.
50. L. Eryilmaz; C. Dalyan (2006). "First record of Apogon queketti Gilchrist (Osteichthyes: Apogonidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 69 (4): 1251–1254. Bibcode:2006JFBio..69.1251E. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01185.x.
51. A. Zenetos; E.H. Kh. Akel; C. Apostolidis; et al. (2015). "New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (April 2015)" (PDF). Mediterranean Marine Science. 16 (1): 266–284. doi:10.12681/mms.1292.
52. Mahmoud M.S. Farrag; Alaa A.K. El - Haweet; El-Sayed kh A. Akel; Mohsen A. Moustafa (2016). "Occurrence of puffer fishes Tetraodontidae) in the eastern Mediterranean, Egyptian coast - filling in the gap". BioInvasions Records. 5 (1): 47–54. doi:10.3391/bir.2016.5.1.09.
53. O. Akyol; V. Ünal; T. Ceyhan; M. Bilecenoglu (2005). "First confirmed record of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 66 (4): 1183–1186. Bibcode:2005JFBio..66.1183A. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00667.x.
54. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Lagocephalus suezensis). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 252–253.
55. M. E. Çinar, Z. Ergen & E. Dagli (2002). "Occurrence of the lessepsian species Leonnates persicus (Polychaeta: Nereididae) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 82 (5): 811–815. Bibcode:2002JMBUK..82..811C. doi:10.1017/S0025315402006173. S2CID 84054204.
56. B. S. Galil (November 6, 2006). "Marsupenaeus japonicus" (PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. doi:10.15468/ybwd3x. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
57. B. S. Galil; D. Golani (1990). "Two new migrant decapods from the eastern Mediterranean" (PDF). Crustaceana. 58 (3): 229–236. doi:10.1163/156854090x00147.
58. D. Golani; O. Sonin (2006). "The Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus, a new Indo-Pacific fish in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 68 (3): 940–943. Bibcode:2006JFBio..68..940G. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00961.x.
59. S. Lelli; F. Colloca; P. Carpentieri; B. C. Russell (2008). "The threadfin bream Nemipterus randalli (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 73 (3): 740–745. Bibcode:2008JFBio..73..740L. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01962.x.
60. Menachem Goren; Bella S. Galil; Ariel Diamant; Kfir Gayer; Nir Stern (2009). "First record of the Indo-Pacific cardinal fish Apogon fasciatus (White, 1790) in the Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 4 (2): 409–411. doi:10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.21.
61. Bariche, Michel (2011). "First record of the cube boxfish Ostracion cubicus (Ostraciidae) and additional records of Champsodon vorax (Champsodontidae) from the Mediterranean". Aqua. 17: 181–184.
62. Frank L. Pezold; Helen K. Larson (2015). "A revision of the fish genus Oxyurichthys (Gobioidei: Gobiidae) with descriptions of four new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3988 (1): 001–095. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3988.1.1. PMID 26250215.
63. Jakov Dulčić; Ivan Jardas; Armin Pallaoro; Lovrenc Lipej (2004). "On the validity of the record of silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Stromateidae) from the Adriatic Sea" (PDF). Cybium. 28 (1): 69–71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-27.
64. Daniel Golani & Adam Ben-Tuvia (1990). "Two Red Sea Flatheads (Platycephalidae) Immigrants in the Mediterranean". Cybium. 14 (1): 57–61.
65. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Parexocoetus mento). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 88–89.
66. Niki Chartosia; ikolas Michailidis (2016). "First confirmed presence of the Red Sea goatfish Parupeneus forsskali (Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1976) from Cyprus". Marine Biodiversity Records. 9 (33). Bibcode:2016MBdR....9...33C. doi:10.1186/s41200-016-0032-7.
67. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Petroscirtes ancylodon). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 202–203.
68. Daniel Golani; Oren Sonin; Dor Edelist (2011). "Second records of the Lessepsian fish migrants Priacanthus sagittarius and Platax teira and distribution extension of Tylerius spinosissimus in the Mediterranean". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (1, supplement): s7–s11. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.002.
69. Ambuali, A.; Borsa, P.; Carpenter, K.E.; et al. (2019). "Plectorhinchus gaterinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T49677217A49698313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T49677217A49698313.en. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
70. Daniel Golani (2002). "The Indo-Pacific striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787), (Osteichtyes: Siluriformes) a new record from the Mediterranean" (PDF). Scientia Marina. 66 (3): 321–323. doi:10.3989/scimar.2002.66n3321.
71. Michel Bariche (2010). "First record of the angelfish Pomacanthus maculosus (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae) in the Mediterranean" (PDF). Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology. 16 (1): 31–33.
72. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Pomadasys stridens). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 162–163.
73. "Portunus segnis". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
74. John E. Randall (2013). "Seven new species of labrid fishes (Coris, Iniistius, Macropharyngodon, Novaculops, and Pteragogus) from the Western Indian Ocean" (PDF). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation. 7.
75. Christie L Wilcox; Hiroyuki Motomura; Mizuki Matsunuma; Brian W Bowen (2018). "Phylogeography of Lionfishes (Pterois) Indicate Taxonomic Over Splitting and Hybrid Origin of the Invasive Pterois volitans". Journal of Heredity. 109 (2): 162–175. doi:10.1093/jhered/esx056. PMID 28637254.
76. Ola Mohamed Nour; Sara A.A. Al Mabruk; Bruno Zava; Alan Deidun; Maria Corsini-Foka (2021). "Records of new and rare alien fish in North African waters: the burrowing goby Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) and the bartail flathead Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Egypt and the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) in Libya". BioInvasions Records. 10 (4): 914–923. doi:10.3391/bir.2021.10.4.16.
77. Galil, Bella (2007). "Seeing Red: Alien species along the Mediterranean coast of Israel". Aquatic Invasions. 2 (4). Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre (REABIC): 281–312. doi:10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.2. ISSN 1818-5487. S2CID 38933130.
78. Hamwi, N. & Ali-Basha, N. (2021). "First record of Goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål 1775), Sparidae, in the Mediterranean Sea (Syrian waters)". Marine Biodiversity Records. 14 (12). Bibcode:2021MBdR...14...12H. doi:10.1186/s41200-021-00207-7.
79. B. S. Galil (November 5, 2006). "Rhopilema nomadica" (PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. doi:10.15468/ybwd3x. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
80. Nir Stern; Buki Rinkevich; Menachem Goren (2015). "First record of the Goldstripe sardinella - Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) in the Mediterranean Sea and confirmation for its presence in the Red Sea" (PDF). BioInvasions Records. 4 (1): 47–51. doi:10.3391/bir.2015.4.1.08.
81. M. Ben-Yami; T. Glaser (1974). "The invasion of Saurida undosquamis (Richardson) into the Levant Basin – an example of biological effect of interoceanic canals" (PDF). Fishery Bulletin. 72 (2): 359–373.
82. Russell, Barry; Golani, Daniel; Yaron, Tikochinski (2015). "Saurida lessepsianus a new species of lizardfish (Pisces: Synodontidae) from the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, with a key to Saurida species in the Red Sea". Zootaxa. 3956 (4): 559. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3956.4.7. PMID 26248939.
83. M. Bariche; M. Saad (2005). "Settlement of the lessepsian blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban (Teleostei: Scaridae) in the eastern Mediterranean". Marine Biodiversity Records. 1. doi:10.1017/S1755267205000497.
84. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Scomberomorus commerson). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 224–225.
85. Rafik Riad (2015). "First record of the cuttlefish Sepia dollfusi (Cephalopoda: Sepioidea) from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters" (PDF). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. 19 (3): 1–7. doi:10.21608/ejabf.2015.2266.
86. Giambattista Bello (2006). "Cuttlebones of three exotic Sepia species (Cephalopoda, Sepiidae) stranded on the Apulian coast (Italy), south-western Adriatic Sea". Basteria. 70 (1–3): 1–12.
87. Mienis, H.K. (2003). "Mariene mollusken uit het oostelijk deel van de Middellandse Zee - 15. Invasie van rugschilden van Sepia pharaonis langs de kust van Israel". Spirula (in Dutch). 335: 127–129. Retrieved 20 February 2018. English abstract
88. E. Lefkaditou; M. Corsini-Foka; G. Kondilatos (2009). "Description of the first Lessepsian squid migrant, Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae), in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)". Mediterranean Marine Science. 10/2 (2): 87–97. doi:10.12681/mms.110. ISSN 1791-6763.
89. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Siganus luridus). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 220–221.
90. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Siganus rivulatus). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 222–223.
91. Golani, D.; R. Fricke; Y. Tikochinski (2013). "Sillago suezensis, a new whiting from the northern Red Sea, and status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier (Teleostei: Sillaginidae)". Journal of Natural History. 48 (7–8)): 413–428. doi:10.1080/00222933.2013.800609. S2CID 85324535.
92. Briand F, Ed. (2021). Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Spratelloides delicatulus). 2nd Edition (PDF). Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. pp. 70–71.
93. Edelist, D.; Spanier, E.; Golani, D. (June 2011). "Evidence for the cccurrence of the Indo-Pacific stonefish, Synanceia verrucosa (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Synanceiidae), in the Mediterranean Sea". Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria. 41 (2): 129–131. doi:10.3750/AIP2011.41.2.09.
94. M. Gökoǧlu; Y. Özvarol; R. Fricke (2014). "Synchiropus sechellensis Regan, 1908 (Teleostei: Callionymidae), a new Lessepsian migrant in the Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). Mediterranean Marine Science. 15 (2): 440–442. doi:10.12681/mms.906.
95. Daniel Golani; Brenda Applebaum-Golani (2010). "First record of the Indo-Pacific fish the Jarbua terapon ( Terapon jarbua ) (Osteichthyes: Terapontidae) in the Mediterranean with remarks on the wide geographical distribution of this species". Scientia Marina. 74 (4): 717–720. doi:10.3989/scimar.2010.74n4717.
96. Spanier E., Goren M. (1988). "An Indo-Pacific trunkfish Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus): first record of the family Ostracionidae in the Mediterranean". Journal of Fish Biology. 32 (5): 797–798. Bibcode:1988JFBio..32..797S. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05420.x.
97. Dalyan, C.; Eryilmaz L. (2009). "The Arabian scad Trachurus indicus, a new Indo-Pacific species in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 74 (7): 1615–9. Bibcode:2009JFBio..74.1615D. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02195.x. PMID 20735657.
98. Erhan Akamca; Sinan Mavruk; Caner Enver Ozyurt; Volkan Baris Kiyaga (2011). "First record of the Indo-Pacific burrowing goby Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in the North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 6 (Supplement 1): S19–S21. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.004.
99. Maria Corsini; Panagiotis Margies; Gerasimos Kondilatos; Panos S. Economidis (2005). "Lessepsian migration of fishes to the Aegean Sea: First record of Tylerius spinosissimus (Tetraodontidae) from the Mediterranean, and six more fish records from Rhodes". Cybium (in French). 29 (4): 347–354.
100. Daniel Goliani (2009). "Distribution of Lessepsian migrant fish in the Mediterranean". Italian Journal of Zoology. 65 (S1): 95–99. doi:10.1080/11250009809386801.
101. Murat Bilecenoglu; Mehmet Baki Yokeş; Ahmet Eryigit (2008). "First record of Vanderhorstia mertensi Klausewitz, 1974 (Pisces, Gobiidae) in the Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 3 (4): 475–478. doi:10.3391/ai.2008.3.4.21.

General references

• Dulcic, J. and A. Pallaoro (2003). Lessepsian Fish Migrants Reported in the East Adriatic Sea: An Annotated List, Ser. hist. nat..
• Golani, D. (1998). Impact of Red Sea Fish Migrants through the Suez Canal on the Aquatic Environment of the Eastern Mediterranean, Yale FE&S Bulletin 103.
• Tortonese E (1966). "Echinoderms from the coast of Lebanon". Misc Pap Nat Sci Am Univ Beirut. 5: 2–5.

External links

• "Check-list of exotic species". CIESM Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea.