List of Caribbean carnivals around the world
Annual cultural celebration spanning various Caribbean islands / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Caribbean Carnival[1] is the cultural celebration held annually throughout the year in many Caribbean islands and worldwide. It's a highly anticipated event in the Caribbean where locals and visitors come together to dance, savor cultural music, and indulge in delicious foods.[2]
It stems from a pagan holiday, later adopted by the Roman Catholic Church as Carne Vale. European slave traders brought it to the Caribbean, excluding African slaves and hosting lavish masquerade balls. After emancipation, freed African slaves transformed the festival into a celebration of freedom, blending African heritage and Caribbean Creole culture.[3]
In 1834, the Caribbean festival took root in Trinidad and Tobago, when French settlers brought the Fat Tuesday masquerade tradition to the island. It soon became a vibrant celebration, blending Creole Canboulay festivities with the European masquerade, eventually evolving into the modern Caribbean Carnival. At its start, formerly enslaved individuals expressed their freedom through music, clothing, and dance, leading to the dynamic fusion of African influences and Creole culture.[4][5]
Carnival traditions differ across islands, typically consisting of activities like playing Mas (masquerade), the selection of a King and Queen, and reveling in diverse Caribbean music styles like calypso, jam-band, steelpan, and soca. Pre-carnival festivities such as J'ouvert feature cultural characters such as the Moko Jumbie and Dame Lorraine, adding to the vibrant celebrations.[4][6]
Although there are similar celebrations, not every Caribbean Carnival adopts the name "Carnival". For instance, in the Bahamas, Junkanoo commemorates the emancipations of slavery since 1884 through lively parades. Barbados hosts the Crop Over Festival, dating back to the 17th century, honoring successful sugar cane harvests at the end of July.[7]