Levocetirizine
Antihistamine drug / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause.[3] It is less sedating than older antihistamines.[4] It is taken by mouth.[3]
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Trade names | Xyzal, Levazyr, others |
Other names | Levocetirizine dihydrochloride |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a607056 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Second generation antihistamines |
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Bioavailability | High |
Protein binding | 91–92%[2] |
Metabolism | Minimal (less than 14%, primarily CYP3A4)[2] |
Elimination half-life | 8 to 9 hours[2] |
Excretion | Urine: 85%[2] Feces: 12.9%[2] |
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Formula | C21H25ClN2O3 |
Molar mass | 388.89 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea.[3] Use in pregnancy appears safe but has not been well studied and use when breastfeeding is of unclear safety.[5] It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine and works by blocking histamine H1-receptors.[6][3]
Levocetirizine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007,[3] and is available as a generic medication.[4] In 2021, it was the 190th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[7][8]