Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydride to be theoretically predicted,[2][3] synthesized,[4] and experimentally confirmed[5] to superconduct at near room-temperatures. It has a superconducting transition temperature TC around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) at a pressure of 150 gigapascals (22×10^6 psi), and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160 gigapascals (23×10^6 psi).[6][7]
Quick Facts Identifiers, Properties ...
Lanthanum decahydride
| Identifiers |
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InChI=1S/La.10H Key: WKJDXOLLSPZSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| Properties |
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H10La |
| Molar mass |
148.985 g·mol−1 |
| Structure |
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Cubic |
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Fm3m |
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a = 5.1019(5) Å at 150 GPa |
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132.80(4) Å3 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
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Since its discovery in 2019,[8] the superconducting properties of LaH10 and other lanthanum-based superhydrides have been experimentally confirmed in multiple independent experiments.[9][10][11][12] The compound exhibits a Meissner effect below the superconducting transition temperature.[13] A cubic form can be synthesized at 1,000 K (730 °C; 1,340 °F),[6] and a hexagonal crystal structure can be formed at room temperature.[14] Further reports indicate Tc is increased with nitrogen doping,[15] and decreased with the introduction of magnetic impurities.[16]
The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18-faced shape called a chamfered cube.[17]
A similar compound, lanthanum boron octahydride, was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at 126 K (−147 °C; −233 °F) and pressure 50 gigapascals (7.3×10^6 psi).[18]
Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F.; Graf, D. E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Greenberg, E.; Knyazev, D. A.; Tkacz, M.; Eremets, M. I. (2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature. 569 (7757): 528–531. arXiv:1812.01561. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..528D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. PMID 31118520. S2CID 119231000. Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F.; Graf, D. E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Greenberg, E.; Knyazev, D. A.; Tkacz, M.; Eremets, M. I. (May 2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature. 569 (7757): 528–531. arXiv:1812.01561. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..528D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31118520. S2CID 119231000. Hong, Fang; Yang, Liuxiang; Shan, Pengfei; Yang, Pengtao; Liu, Ziyi; Sun, Jianping; Yin, Yunyu; Yu, Xiaohui; Cheng, Jinguang; Zhao, Zhongxian (2020-10-01). "Superconductivity of Lanthanum Superhydride Investigated Using the Standard Four-Probe Configuration under High Pressures*". Chinese Physics Letters. 37 (10): 107401. Bibcode:2020ChPhL..37j7401H. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/107401. ISSN 0256-307X. S2CID 250921188. Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Hanfland, Michael; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A.; Pervakov, Kirill S.; Lyubutin, Igor S.; Glazyrin, Konstantin V.; Giordano, Nico; Karimov, Denis N.; Vasiliev, Alexander L.; Akashi, Ryosuke (2021-09-01). "Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum–yttrium ternary hydrides". Materials Today. 48: 18–28. arXiv:2012.04787. doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.03.025. ISSN 1369-7021. Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Zhou, Di; Galasso, Michele; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Bykov, Alexey A.; Terent'ev, Konstantin Y.; Cherepakhin, Alexander V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A.; Pervakov, Kirill S.; Seregin, Alexey Yu.; Helm, Toni (October 2022). "Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity in LaH 10". Advanced Materials. 34 (42): e2204038. arXiv:2203.06500. Bibcode:2022AdM....3404038S. doi:10.1002/adma.202204038. ISSN 0935-9648. PMID 35829689. S2CID 247447065. Eremets, M. I.; Minkov, V. S.; Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Ksenofontov, V.; Shylin, S. I.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Prozorov, R.; Balakirev, F. F.; Sun, Dan; Mozzafari, S.; Balicas, L. (10 January 2022). "High‑Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrides: Experimental Evidence and Details". Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 35 (4): 965–977. arXiv:2201.05137. doi:10.1007/s10948-022-06148-1. Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (15 January 2018). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (3): 688–692. doi:10.1002/anie.201709970. PMID 29193506.
