Kim Pyong Il

In this Korean name, the family name is Kim.

Kim Pyong Il (Korean: 김평일, Korean pronunciation: [kim.pʰjɔŋ.il]; born 10 August 1954) is the younger paternal half-brother of the former leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Il, and the only surviving son of former leader and president of North Korea Kim Il Sung.^[2] He worked as a diplomat and lived overseas between 1979 and 2019,^[3][4] serving in various diplomatic positions such as ambassador of North Korea to Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland, Poland, and the Czech Republic.^[5][6]

His Excellency Kim Pyong Il
김평일
Kim in 2010
North Korea Ambassador to the Czech Republic
In office 2015–2019
Supreme Leader	Kim Jong Un
Preceded by	Pak Hyon-bo
Succeeded by	Ju Won-chol
North Korea Ambassador to Poland
In office 1998–2015
Supreme Leader	Kim Jong Il Kim Jong Un
Preceded by	Paek Nam-sun
Succeeded by	Geun Ri
North Korea Ambassador to Finland
In office 1994–1998
Supreme Leader	Kim Il Sung Kim Jong Il
Preceded by	Choe Sang-bom
Succeeded by	post not filled
North Korea Ambassador to Bulgaria
In office 1989–1994
Supreme Leader	Kim Il Sung
North Korea Ambassador to Hungary
In office 1988–1989
Supreme Leader	Kim Il Sung
Personal details
Born	(1954-08-10) 10 August 1954 (age 70) Pyongyang, North Korea[1]
Political party	Workers' Party of Korea
Spouse	Kim Sun-kum ​ (m. 1982)​
Children	Kim In-kang Kim Ung-song
Parent(s)	Kim Il Sung (father) Kim Song-ae (mother)
Relatives	Kim family
Alma mater	Kim Il Sung University
Occupation	DPRK battalion commander former DPRK ambassador to Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland, Poland and the Czech Republic
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl	김평일
Hancha	金平日
Revised Romanization	Gim Pyeong-il
McCune–Reischauer	Kim P'yŏng'il
[1]

Family background and early life

Kim is the son of Kim Il Sung and Kim Song-ae, Kim Il Sung's former secretary. Kim had one younger brother, Yong-il,^[a] and one older half-sister, Kyong-hui, who would go on to marry senior official Chang Sung-taek.^[7] He was named after another son with the same name, who was born in Vyatskoye in 1944; that son, also known as Shura Kim, allegedly drowned in Pyongyang in 1947.^[8] He graduated from Kim Il Sung University with a major in economics, and later attended the Kim Il Sung Military University, following which he was appointed a battalion commander.^[2]

Kim Pyong Il's rivalry with half-brother Kim Jong Il goes back to the 1970s. In those days, Kim Pyong Il was known as a womaniser who threw raucous parties; sometimes, attendees at these parties would shout, "Long live Kim Pyong Il!". Kim Jong Il knew that this could be portrayed as a threat to the cult of personality surrounding their father Kim Il Sung, and reported the matter; Kim Il Sung was reportedly infuriated, and thus Kim Pyong Il fell out of favour with his father while Kim Jong Il strengthened his position.^[9]

Kim Pyong Il married Kim Sun-kum, a woman with family connections to the Ministry of Public Security, in 1982.^[10] They have a son, Kim In-kang, and a daughter, Kim Ung-song.^[11]

The Kim family tree (DPRK)
Na Hyeon-Jik Kim Song-Ryeong Lady Lee Kim Ŭngu Yi Po-Ik (Lee Bo-Ik) Kim Pohyŏn Kang Pan Sok Kim Hyong-jik Kim Hyong-gwon Kim Song-ae Kim Il-Sung Kim Jong-suk Kim Yong-Ju Kim Pyong-il Kim Jong Il Kim Kyong-hui Kim Man-il

Diplomatic career

In 1979, Kim began a series of diplomatic postings to several countries in Europe so that he could not influence politics in his home country. His first overseas assignment was in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.^[2] He was promoted to the position of ambassador to the People's Republic of Hungary in 1988, but was transferred to the People's Republic of Bulgaria in response to Hungary's opening of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1989. This was followed by a posting in Finland.^[12][13]

In 1998, after North Korea closed its embassy in Finland to save money and prevent defections, Kim was posted to Poland. His ambassadorship was initially suggested to be in limbo, as nine months after his posting he had yet to formally present his credentials to the Polish president.^[14] However, he remained as ambassador in Poland, and his daughter Kim Eun-song and son Kim In-kang went on to attend university in Poland.^[2] He was a rare sight in Warsaw's diplomatic community, only occasionally appearing at functions held by the Algerian, Russian and Syrian embassies.^[9]

In 2015, he was transferred to the Czech Republic. He later returned to North Korea in November 2019 after stepping down as North Korea's ambassador to the Czech Republic.^[5] In January 2020, Ju Won Chol, a former Director General of the North Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) Second European Department,^[5] replaced Kim as North Korea's Czech Republic ambassador.^[6]

Relations with Pyongyang

Kim Pyong Il reportedly continued to be considered a threat to the North Korean government due to his resemblance to his father Kim Il Sung. Reports claim he is under watch by both North and South Korean intelligence. However, he has kept a low profile, in contrast to his half-nephew Kim Jong-nam who gave frequent interviews with Japanese media, before he was assassinated in Kuala Lumpur in 2017.^{[9][15][16][17]}

In July 2011, Kim was reported by South Korean media to be back in Pyongyang for a visit. Some sources claimed he was under house arrest there since May, though others speculated he was just visiting his dying mother Kim Song-ae or preparing to observe the anniversary of his father's death.^[18]

In December 2011, South Korean officials said Kim Pyong Il was in Poland and would not attend Kim Jong Il's funeral. Kim Pyong Il and Kim Song-ae attended the funeral of Kim Il Sung in 1994, but North Korean television broadcasts deleted their images.^[19]

In June 2019, Kim Pyong Il visited North Korea for reported medical reasons.^[20] In November 2019, Kim Pyong Il returned to North Korea after retiring from a long career as a foreign diplomat.^[5] He had not lived in either Pyongyang or the rest of his native country since 1979.^[4][21] As a result, his return to North Korea following his retirement as a foreign diplomat also marked his return to being a North Korean resident for the first time in 40 years.^[4]

Family tree

v t e Select[α] family tree of North Korea's ruling Kim family[β][γ][δ][ε]
Kim Song-ryeong 1810–1899 Kim Ung-u 1848–1878 Kim Bo-hyon 1871–1955 Kim Hyong-jik 1894–1926 Kang Pan-sok 1892–1932 Kim Jong-suk 1917–1949 Kim Il Sung 1912–1994 Kim Song-ae 1924–2014 Kim Yong-ju 1920–2021 Kim Young-sook 1947– Song Hye-rim 1937–2002 Kim Jong Il 1941?[ζ]–2011 Ko Yong-hui 1952–2004 Kim Ok 1964– Kim Kyong-hui 1946– Jang Song-thaek 1946–2013? Kim Pyong Il 1954– Kim Sol-song 1974– Kim Jong-nam 1971–2017 Kim Jong-chul 1981– Kim Jong Un 1983?[η]– Ri Sol-ju c. 1986– Kim Yo-jong 1987– Kim Han-sol 1995– Kim Ju-ae c. 2012[θ]–
Notes: To keep the tree of manageable size, it omits five out of the seven known legitimate children of Kim Il Sung. Other children not shown in the tree are: Kim Man-il (1944-1947; child of Kim Jong Suk), Kim Kyong-jin (1952-; child of Kim Song-ae), Kim Yong-il (1955-2000; child of Kim Song-ae), and Kim Kyong Suk (1951-; child of Kim Song-ae). A stillborn daughter is also omitted. Kim Il Sung was reported to have had other children with women who he was not married to; they included Kim Hyŏn-nam (born 1972). Also, only some of the descendants of Kim Jong Il and Kim Jung Un (Kim Il Sung's successors) are included. Korean names often have a variety of transliterations into English, which can be confusing. For example, "Kim Jong-chul" may also be written "Gim Jeong-cheol" or "Kim Jŏng-ch'ŏl" among many other variations. See Korean romanization for more information. Huss, Kan; Frost, Clay. "North Korea's First Family: Mapping the personal and political drama of the Kim clan". msnbc.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2013. (Confirms many, but not all, of the birth and death years. See individual articles for more references.) Yan, Holly (16 February 2017). "The world's most mysterious family tree: Kim Jong Un's secretive dynasty is full of drama, death". Design by Alberto Mier. CNN. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Lee, Sung-Yoon (2023). "The Mount Paektu Dynasty (Family Tree)". The Sister: The extraordinary story of Kim Yo Jong, the most powerful woman in North Korea. United Kingdom: Macmillan. p. x-xi. ISBN 9781529073539. Official North Korean biographies of Kim Jong Il list his birth year as 1942. The Korean calendar is based upon the Chinese zodiac which is believed to characterize one's personality. The year 1942 (Year of the Horse), in addition to being 30 years since Kim Il Sung's birth may be viewed as a better year than others, thus creating a motive to lie about a birth year. Official North Korean biographies of Kim Jong Un list his birth year as 1982. The Korean calendar is based upon the Chinese zodiac which is believed to characterize one's personality. The year 1982 (Year of the Dog), in addition to being 70 years since Kim Il Sung's birth, may be viewed as a better year than others, thus creating a motive to lie about a birth year. Birth year for Kim Ju-ae is not publicly known. She may have been born in either late 2012 or early 2013.

See also

• Kim family (North Korea)
• Politics of North Korea

Notes

1. Not the same person as Kim Yong-il, Premier of the DPRK Cabinet from April 2007 to June 2010.

References

1. 김평일(남성). 북한정보포털 (in Korean). Ministry of Unification. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
2. Kim, Song-A (9 May 2007). "Photos of Kim Jong Il's Brother, Kim Pyong Il and Recent Visits". Daily NK. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
3. "Kim Jong-un: Who might lead N Korea without Kim?". BBC News. 28 April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
4. "Why is Kim Pyong-il returning in 40 years? - YouTube". YouTube. 6 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
5. "Kim Pyong Il, long-time North Korean ambassador in Europe, returns home". NK News. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
6. "North Korea appoints new ambassador to Czech Republic". NK News. 30 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
7. "Photos Surface of Kim Jong-il's Relatives in Europe". Chosun Ilbo. 10 May 2007. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
8. Lintner, Bertil (10 July 2003). "North Korea: Myth Making Dynastic Lies And Secrets". Far Eastern Economic Review. Archived from the original on 29 October 2004. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
9. Walker, Shaun (12 March 2012). "Left out in the cold: the man who would be Kim". The Independent. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
10. Levi 2010, pp. 39, 39n37.
11. Levi 2010, p. 39n38.
12. Sano, Yoel (14 February 2004). "Happy Birthday, Dear Leader - who's next in line?". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
13. Sterngold, James (2 June 1990). "Evolution in Europe; Stunned North Korea Warns Soviets on Meeting With Seoul Leader". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2007.
14. "Kim Jon Il's [sic] half brother's ambassadorship in limbo". Kyōdō News. 19 October 1998. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
15. Ryall, Julian; Rothwell, James (14 February 2017). "Kim Jong-un's half-brother 'assassinated in Malaysia by female North Korean spies with poison needle'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
16. McCurry, Justin (14 February 2017). "Kim Jong-un's half-brother reportedly killed in Malaysia". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
17. "Kim Jong-nam: Killing could be sign of 'brutal' N Korean regime". BBC News. 15 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
18. "Kim Jong-il's Brother 'Under House Arrest in Pyongyang'". Chosun Ilbo. 3 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
19. "Kim Jong-il's half-brother appears to remain in Poland: official". Korea Herald. 26 December 2011. Archived from the original on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
20. "Ambassador Kim Pyong Il, North Korean leader's uncle, returned home this summer". NK News. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
21. "Photos of Kim Jong Il's Brother, Kim Pyong Il and Recent Visits". Daily NK. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.

Works cited

• Levi, Nicolas (2010). "A Biography of Kim Pyong Il: The Second Dauphin?". Parallax. VII (1): 33–47. ISSN 1353-4645.

External links

• Korean Monarch Kim Jong Il: Technocrat Ruler of the Hermit Kingdom Facing the Challenge of Modernity, by Alexandre Y. Mansourov, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
• The Kim Jong Il Succession Problem in the Context of the North Korean Political Structure, translated by Titus North, University of Pittsburgh