Jadwiga of Kalisz

Jadwiga of Kalisz (Polish: Jadwiga kaliska (Bolesławówna); 1266 – 10 December 1339) was a Queen of Poland by marriage to Ladislaus the Short. She was the mother of the last Piast King of Poland, Casimir III.

Jadwiga of Kalisz
Seal of Queen Jadwiga
Queen consort of Poland
Tenure	1320 – c. 1333
Coronation	30 January 1320
Born	c. 1266
Died	10 December 1339 (aged 72–73)
Burial	Clarissine convent in Stary Sącz
Spouse	Ladislaus the Short
Issue	Kunigunde, Duchess of Świdnica Casimir III of Poland Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary
House	Piast
Father	Bolesław the Pious
Mother	Yolanda of Hungary

She was the second of three daughters born to Bolesław the Pious^[1] and Saint Yolanda of Hungary. In 1293, Jadwiga married Ladislaus I of Poland.^[2]

Life

Jadwiga's husband, Ladislaus (Polish: Władysław, known as the "Short" and the "Elbow-high"), was a bitter rival of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia who was King of Poland between 1291–1305. Life was dangerous for Jadwiga and her family during this time, she and three of her children had to go into hiding for a while in 1300. In 1305, Wenceslaus II died and was succeeded by his son, Wenceslaus III of Bohemia. Wenceslaus III reigned for a year before he was assassinated by Germans under mysterious circumstances so his campaign of Poland ended. His wife, Viola of Teschen, had not borne him any children, so Ladislaus assumed control in Poland.

In 1318, Ladislaus began making attempts to have himself crowned king. The pope, John XXII, though initially unwilling, finally granted his approval and Ladislaus and Jadwiga were crowned King and Queen of Poland on 30 January 1320 in Kraków; a new crown was made for the new queen and it was later used to crown other queens of Poland.^[3] The coronation was a sign that he had overcome Poland's internal fragmentation and re-united and re-instated the country as an independent kingdom under his rule. Poland now needed friends abroad; so in 1320, Jadwiga and Władysław's daughter Elizabeth (1305–1380) married Charles I of Hungary. Jadwiga played an active part in politics during her husband's reign.

Her husband died in 1333. Jadwiga lived until 1339.

Issue

In addition to Elizabeth, Ladislaus and Jadwiga had:

• Elizabeth (1305–1380) married Charles I of Hungary^[2]
• Stephen (d. 1306)
• Władysław (d. 1311/1312)
• Kunigunde (c. 1298-1331)^[2]
• Casimir III the Great (1310–1370)^[2]
• Jadwiga (d. 1320/1322). Queen Jadwiga assumed the regency of Stary Sącz in 1334 when Constance of Świdnica, her granddaughter by Kunigunde, resigned to become a nun.^[4]

In popular culture

Film

Jadwiga of Kalisz is a primary character in the first season of the Polish historical drama Korona królów ("The Crown of the Kings").

Ancestors

Ancestors of Jadwiga of Kalisz
8. Odon of Poznań 4. Władysław Odonic 9. Vyacheslava of Kiev 2. Bolesław the Pious 10. Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania 5. Jadwiga of Pomerania 11. Swinisława of Poland 1. Jadwiga of Greater Poland 12. Andrew II of Hungary 6. Béla IV of Hungary 13. Gertrude of Merania 3. Jolenta of Poland 14. Theodore I Laskaris 7. Maria Laskarina 15. Anna Angelina

References

1. Lerski 1996, p. 250.
2. Davies 1982, p. 65.
3. Prazmowska 2011, p. 32.
4. Women in Power 1300–1350 (scroll down the page)

Sources

• Davies, Norman (1982). God's Playground: A History of Poland. Vol. I: The Origins to 1795. Columbia University Press.
• Lerski, George J. (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood Press.
• Prazmowska, Anita (2011). A History of Poland. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Jadwiga of Kalisz House of Piast Born: 1266 Died: 10 December 1339
Royal titles
Vacant Title last held by Viola of Teschen	Queen consort of Poland 1320–1333	Succeeded by Aldona of Lithuania