![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Itkul_culture_1_to_4-Kuganak_hoard_5_to_6-Akberdino_3_settlement_7-Elder_Shipovo_burial_ground_8-Kasianov_hillfort_%25281-4_bronze%253B_5-8_ceramics%2529.png/640px-Itkul_culture_1_to_4-Kuganak_hoard_5_to_6-Akberdino_3_settlement_7-Elder_Shipovo_burial_ground_8-Kasianov_hillfort_%25281-4_bronze%253B_5-8_ceramics%2529.png&w=640&q=50)
Itkul culture
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56.090000°N 60.300000°E / 56.090000; 60.300000
Location of the Itkul culture and contemporary cultures circa 500 BCE.[1] | |
Geographical range | Eastern Ural |
---|---|
Period | Iron Age |
Dates | 6th-4th century BCE |
Preceded by | Andronovo culture |
Followed by | Sarmatian culture |
The Itkul culture (Ru: Иткульская культура, 7th-5th century BCE) is one of these Early Saka culture, based in the eastern foothills of the Urals.[2] The Itkul culture was part of an East to West mouvement of Asiatic Saka tribes towards the Ural regions during the Iron Age (c.1000 BCE and later) period.[2] Other Saka groups, such as the Tasmola culture circa 600 BCE, were also involved in similar mouvements and settled in the southern Urals.[2]
The Itkul culture was a culture of metalworkers.[3] They played a key role in exploited the metallurgical ressources of the Urals, and established fortified settlements to protect them.[3] They were probably provided of metal weapons for other tribes of the steppes.[2]
The Itkul culture was eventually assimilited into the Early Sarmatian culture (early Prokhorovka period), and contributed to its varied genetic makeup.[2] As a result of these mouvements, a large-scale integrated union of nomads from Central Asia and the Near East formed in the area in the 5th–4th century BCE, with fairly uniformized cultural practices.[2] This cultural complex, with notable ‘‘foreign elements’’, corresponds to the ‘‘royal’’ burials of the Filippovka kurgans, and define the "Prokhorovka period" of the Early Sarmatians.[2]
- Itkul culture artifacts: 1 to 4-Kuganak hoard 5 to 6-Akberdino 3 settlement 7-Elder Shipovo burial ground 8-Kasianov hillfort (1-4 bronze; 5-8 ceramics)
- Itkul housing reconstruction