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Interleukin 8
Mammalian protein found in humans / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells[3] and endothelial cells. Endothelial cells store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel–Palade bodies.[4][5] In humans, the interleukin-8 protein is encoded by the CXCL8 gene.[6] IL-8 is initially produced as a precursor peptide of 99 amino acids which then undergoes cleavage to create several active IL-8 isoforms.[7] In culture, a 72 amino acid peptide is the major form secreted by macrophages.[7]
There are many receptors on the surface membrane capable of binding IL-8; the most frequently studied types are the G protein-coupled serpentine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Expression and affinity for IL-8 differs between the two receptors (CXCR1 > CXCR2). Through a chain of biochemical reactions, IL-8 is secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response.