Interdiscipline

The term interdiscipline or inter-discipline means an organizational unit that involves two or more academic disciplines, but which have the formal criteria of disciplines such as dedicated research journals, conferences and university departments. It is related to interdisciplinarity, but it is a noun used for a certain kind of unit (academic discipline). As shown in the example of demography below a field may be both a discipline and an interdiscipline at the same time. The example of information science demonstrates that a field may be regarded as a discipline in some countries but an interdiscipline in other countries.

Conceptions

Giesecke (1981)^[1] says about educational research ("pedagogy") that is an "aporetic science", i.e. an interdiscipline.

Tengström (1993)^[2] emphases that cross-disciplinary research is a process, not a state or structure. He differentiates three levels of ambition regarding cross-disciplinary research:

• The pluridisciplinary or multidisciplinarity level
• The genuine cross-disciplinary level: interdisciplinarity
• The discipline-forming level transdisciplinarity

What is described here is a view of social fields as dynamic and changing. Library and information science is viewed as a field that started as a multidisciplinary approach based on literature, psychology, sociology, management, computer science etc., which is developing towards an academic discipline in its own right.

Examples

• Biosemiotics^[3]
• Cryptography
• Demography

"As a field with its own body of interrelated concepts, techniques, journals, and professional associations, demography is clearly a discipline. But by the nature of its subject matter and methods demography is just as clearly an 'interdiscipline', drawing heavily on biology and sociology for the study of fertility; on economics and geography for studies of migration; and on the health sciences for the study of mortality." (Stycos, 1989, vii).^[4]

• Forensic Kinesiology^[5]
• Genetic toxicology^[6]
• Humor and translation^[7]
• Information science

In America information science and communication studies are considered two academic disciplines. In France, however, they are considered one interdiscipline. (See also^[8]).

• Planetary science
• Public health^[9]
• Social science in agriculture^[10]
• Sociolinguistics^[11]

See also

• Academic discipline

Literature

^[12]

1. Giesecke, Hermann (1981). Indføring i pædagogik. København: Nyt Nordisk Forlag. German original: Einführung in die Pädagogik. München: Juventa 1970 (2. Auflage)
2. Tengström, E. (1993). "Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskapen - ett fler- eller tvärvetenskapligt område?". Svensk Biblioteksforskning (1): 9–20.
3. Augustyn, P. (2008). "Biosemiotics: Protoscience, interdiscipline, new biology". Semiotica. 172 (1–4): 479–487. doi:10.1515/SEMI.2008.107. S2CID 170875958.
4. Stycos, J Mayone, ed. (1989). Demography as an interdiscipline. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transactions Publishers.
5. Pelham, T.W.; Holt, L.E. & Holt, J. (2010). "Forensic Kinesiology Foundations of an Interdiscipline for Accident/Crime Investigation". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 31 (2): 200–203. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181cfc890. PMID 20110802. S2CID 31269119.
6. Frickel, S. (2004). "Building an interdiscipline: Collective action framing and the rise of genetic toxicology". Social Problems. 51 (2): 269–287. doi:10.1525/sp.2004.51.2.269.
7. Zabalbeascoa, P. (2005). "Humor and translation – an interdiscipline" (PDF). Humor: International Journal of Humor Research. 18 (2): 185–207. doi:10.1515/humr.2005.18.2.185. hdl:10230/22492. S2CID 53326473. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
8. Newell, A. (1983). "Reflections on the structure of an interdiscipline". In Machlup, F. & U. Mansfield (eds.). The study of information: Interdisciplinary messages. NY: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 99–110.
9. Von Lengerke, T. (2006). "Public health is an interdiscipline, and about wholes and parts – Indeed, critical health psychology needs to join forces". Journal of Health Psychology. 11 (3): 395–399. doi:10.1177/1359105306063311. PMID 16774893.
10. Singh, Yogendra Pal; Pareek, Udai Narain; Arora, D. R. (1974). "Diffusion of an interdiscipline: social sciences in agriculture education". Delhi: New Heights for Indian Society of Extension Education.
11. Wolck, W. (1977). "Sociolinguistics: Revolution or interdiscipline?". American Behavioral Scientist. 20 (5): 733–756. doi:10.1177/000276427702000511. S2CID 220682291.
12. Dezago, M.B. (1978). "Interdiscipline: Search and discovery—systematization, application and transfer". Impact of Science on Society. 28 (2): 127–137.