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Hormonal intrauterine device
Intrauterine device / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A hormonal intrauterine device (IUD), also known as an intrauterine system (IUS) with progestogen and sold under the brand name Mirena among others, is an intrauterine device that releases a progestogenic hormonal agent such as levonorgestrel into the uterus.[2] It is used for birth control, heavy menstrual periods, and to prevent excessive build of the lining of the uterus in those on estrogen replacement therapy.[2] It is one of the most effective forms of birth control with a one-year failure rate around 0.2%.[1] The device is placed in the uterus and lasts three to eight years.[3][4] Fertility often returns quickly following removal.[2]
IUD with progestogen | |
---|---|
![]() Correctly inserted IUD | |
Background | |
Type | Intrauterine |
First use | 1990 (Mirena—currently available) 1976 (Progestasert—discontinued in 2001) |
Synonyms | intrauterine system (IUS), levonorgestrel intrauterine system |
Trade names | Mirena, Skyla, Liletta, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
Failure rates (first year) | |
Perfect use | 0.1–0.2%[1] |
Typical use | 0.1–0.2%[1] |
Usage | |
Duration effect | 3–8 years |
Reversibility | 2–6 months |
User reminders | Check thread position monthly |
Clinic review | One month after insertion, then annually |
Advantages and disadvantages | |
STI protection | No |
Periods | Menstrual irregularity, periods usually lighter or none at all |
Weight | Potential side effect |
Benefits | No need to remember to take daily action |
Risks | benign ovarian cysts, transient risk of PID, uterine perforation (rare) |
Side effects include irregular periods, benign ovarian cysts, pelvic pain, and depression.[2] Rarely uterine perforation may occur.[2] Use is not recommended during pregnancy but is safe with breastfeeding.[2] The IUD with progestogen is a type of long-acting reversible birth control.[5] It works by thickening the mucus at the opening of the cervix, stopping the buildup of the lining of the uterus, and occasionally preventing ovulation.[2]
The IUD with levonorgestrel was first approved for medical use in 1990 in Finland and in the United States in 2000.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7][8]