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History of self-driving cars
Overview of the history of self-driving cars / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Experiments have been conducted on self-driving cars since 1939;[1] promising trials took place in the 1950s and work has proceeded since then. The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab[2] and ALV[3][4] projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich's Eureka Prometheus Project[5] in 1987. In 1988, William L Kelley patented the first modern collision Predicting and Avoidance devices for Moving Vehicles. then, numerous major companies and research organizations have developed working autonomous vehicles including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, Autoliv Inc., Bosch, Nissan, Toyota, Audi, Volvo, Vislab from University of Parma, Oxford University and Google.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In July 2013, Vislab demonstrated BRAiVE, a vehicle that moved autonomously on a mixed traffic route open to public traffic.[13]
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In the 2010s and 2020s, some UNECE members and EU members and the UK have some rules and regulations related to automated and fully automated cars: In Europe, cities in Belgium, France, Italy and the UK are planning to operate transport systems for driverless cars,[14][15][16] and Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain have allowed testing robotic cars in traffic.
In 2019 in Japan, related legislation for Level 3 was completed by amending two laws, and they came into effect in April 2020.[17] In 2021 in Germany, related legislation for Level 4 was completed.[18]
On 1 April 2023 in Japan, the amended "Road Traffic Act" which allows Level 4 was enforced.[19]