Henry Marchant

Henry Marchant (April 9, 1741 – August 30, 1796) was a Founding Father of the United States, an attorney general of Rhode Island, a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Rhode Island, a signer of the Articles of Confederation, and the first United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island.

Henry Marchant
Etching of Henry Marchant by Max Rosenthal
Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island
In office July 3, 1790 – August 30, 1796
Appointed by	George Washington
Preceded by	Seat established by 1 Stat. 128
Succeeded by	Benjamin Bourne
38th Attorney General of Rhode Island
In office 1771–1777
Governor	Joseph Wanton Nicholas Cooke
Preceded by	Oliver Arnold
Succeeded by	William Channing
Personal details
Born	(1741-04-09)April 9, 1741 Martha's Vineyard, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America
Died	August 30, 1796(1796-08-30) (aged 55) Newport, Rhode Island
Resting place	Common Burial Ground Newport, Rhode Island
Education	University of Pennsylvania (A.M.) read law

Education and career

Coat of Arms of Henry Marchant

Born on April 9, 1741, in Martha's Vineyard, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America,^[1] Marchant received an Artium Magister degree in 1762 from the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania) and read law in 1776.^{[Note 1][1]} He entered private practice in Newport from 1767 to 1777.^[1] He was attorney general of Rhode Island from 1771 to 1777.^[1] He was a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779.^[1] He was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation.^[2] He resumed private practice in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, from 1780 to 1784, also engaging in farming.^[1] He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1784 to 1790.^[1] He was a member of the Rhode Island convention to adopt the United States Constitution, which ultimately was adopted by a separate convention in 1790.^[2]

Federal judicial service

Marchant was nominated by President George Washington on July 2, 1790, to the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, to a new seat authorized by 1 Stat. 128.^[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 3, 1790, and received his commission the same day.^[1] His service terminated when he died on August 30, 1796, in Newport.^[1] He was interred in the Common Burial Ground in Newport.^[2]

Notable case

Marchant presided over West v. Barnes (1791), which was the first case appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Church and farm

Rebecca Cooke Marchant

Marchant was a member of Second Congregational Church of Newport.^[3] His farm, the Henry Marchant Farm, is located in South Kingstown.

Note

1. FJC Bio indicates he read law in 1776, while his Congressional Biography indicates he was admitted to the bar in 1767.

References

1. Henry Marchant at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
2. United States Congress. "Henry Marchant (id: M000125)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
3. Adams, Charles Francis (July 19, 1853). "The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: With a Life of the Author, Notes and Illustrations (Volume 8)". Little Brown. p. 61 – via Google Books.

Further reading

• United States portal
• Rhode Island portal
• Law portal

• Lovejoy, David S. "Henry Marchant and the Mistress of the World." William and Mary Quarterly 3d ser., 12 (July 1955): 375–98.

Sources

• United States Congress. "Henry Marchant (id: M000125)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Henry Marchant at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.

Legal offices
Preceded by Oliver Arnold	Attorney General of Rhode Island 1771–1777	Succeeded by William Channing
Preceded by Seat established by 1 Stat. 128	Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island 1790–1796	Succeeded by Benjamin Bourne