Henry C. Murphy

Henry Cruse Murphy (July 5, 1810 – December 1, 1882) was an American lawyer, politician and historian. During his political career, he served as Mayor of Brooklyn, a member of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Minister to the Netherlands, and member of the New York State Senate.

Henry Cruse Murphy
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845
Preceded by	Joseph Egbert
Succeeded by	Henry J. Seaman
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	Henry J. Seaman
Succeeded by	David A. Bokee
Mayor of Brooklyn
In office 1842–1843
Preceded by	Cyrus P. Smith
Succeeded by	Joseph Sprague
U.S. Minister to the Netherlands
In office 1857–1861
Preceded by	August Belmont
Succeeded by	James Shepherd Pike
New York State Senate (3rd District)
In office January 1, 1862 – December 31, 1873
Preceded by	Francis B. Spinola
Succeeded by	John C. Jacobs
Personal details
Born	July 5, 1810 (1810-07-05) Brooklyn, New York
Died	December 1, 1882 (1883-01) (aged 72) Brooklyn, New York
Resting place	Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York
Citizenship	United States
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Amelia Greenwood (1813–1887) (m. 1833)
Children	Henry C. Murphy, Jr. George I. Murphy
Alma mater	Columbia College
Profession	Attorney Newspaper editor Historian Author
Signature

Murphy was an author and newspaper editor; he founded and was the first editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle newspaper, authored monographs on subjects including Henry Hudson's explorations, and translated several Dutch historical works into English.

In addition to his political and literary careers, Murphy was involved in several business ventures in Brooklyn, including railroads and construction of the Brooklyn Bridge.

Murphy died in Brooklyn in 1882 and was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery.

Early life

Henry Cruse Murphy was born in Brooklyn on July 5, 1810.^[1] He was the eldest son of John Garrison Murphy and Clarissa Runyon, a New Jersey couple who settled in Brooklyn after their marriage.^[2] John Murphy was a prominent businessman, and his accomplishments included inventing and patenting in partnership with another individual a horse-powered wheel for use on East River ferries, which enabled them to change direction for round trips without having to turn around.^[3][4] Henry C. Murphy's grandfather Timothy Murphy was a doctor and an immigrant from Ireland who settled in New Jersey and was a veteran of the American Revolution.^[5]

Henry Murphy graduated from Columbia College in 1830, studied law under Judge Peter W. Radcliffe, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Brooklyn.^[6][7] He was also the first editor of the Brooklyn Eagle and Kings County Democrat newspaper, which launched in 1841.^[8][9]

Political career

Murphy served as Brooklyn's City Attorney and Corporation Counsel, and was Mayor of Brooklyn in 1842 and 1843.^[10]

In November 1842, prior to completion of his term as mayor of Brooklyn, Murphy was elected to the United States House of Representatives, and he served one term, March 4, 1843 to March 3, 1845 (28th Congress).^[11] He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1844, and served as a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846.^[12]

Murphy was returned to Congress in the November 1846 election, serving a second non-consecutive term from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1849 (30th Congress).^[13]

Murphy was a delegate to the 1852 Democratic National Convention. When the convention deadlocked after several ballots on the selection of a presidential nominee, the delegation from Virginia decided to support a dark horse—a northerner whose views on slavery were acceptable to southerners (doughface)—who they intended to vote for as a unit in the hopes of rallying enough delegates around one candidate that he could win the nomination. The Virginia delegates considered Murphy and Franklin Pierce. By one vote they decided to support Pierce, who went on to win the nomination and the presidency.^[14]

From 1857 to 1861 Murphy served as Minister to the Netherlands.^[15] In 1860 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Columbia.^[16]

He was a member of the New York State Senate (3rd D.) from 1862 to 1873, sitting in the 85th, 86th, 87th, 88th, 89th, 90th, 91st, 92nd, 93rd, 94th, 95th and 96th New York State Legislatures.^[17]

During the American Civil War Murphy opposed secession and supported the Union.^[18] He was one of the prominent Brooklyn leaders who recruited and equipped the 3rd Senatorial Regiment, which was mustered into service as the 159th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment.^[19]

Murphy was the Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate in the 1867 election, but Republicans controlled the state legislature and elected Roscoe Conkling.^[20] Murphy cast his ballot for George F. Comstock in the caucus held to choose the Democratic nominee, and again in the full legislative election.^[21] In 1867 he also served as a delegate to the state constitutional convention.^[22]

In 1868 Murphy was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor of New York, but the Tammany Hall organization and its leader, William M. Tweed, controlled the process and were able to effect the nomination of John T. Hoffman.^[23]

Murphy was the choice of Democrats in the legislature for the United States Senate in 1869, but the Republican majority elected Reuben Fenton.^[24] In the caucus to decide the Democratic nominee, Murphy cast his ballot for Henry S. Randall, and he voted for Randall again in the election held by the full legislature.^[25]

When Fenton's term expired in 1875, Democrats controlled the legislature and Murphy was a candidate, but Francis Kernan won the support of the Democrats in the state legislature and was elected.^[26]

Business career

Murphy was active in several business ventures, including president of the Brooklyn, Flatbush and Coney Island Railroad, and member of the board of directors for the Brooklyn City Railroad and the Union Ferry Company.^[27]

In 1866 Murphy became active in the effort to construct the Brooklyn Bridge. He was an incorporator of the original venture, the Brooklyn Bridge Company, and served as its president.^[28] When the project was converted to a public work, Murphy was elected president of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Company Board of Trustees, the entity created to plan, oversee construction of, and operate it. He served as president of the board until his death.^[29]

Career as author

Murphy was a historian and writer, and is perhaps best known for his research on the early Colonial history of New York. He was a founder of the Long Island Historical Society and the Brooklyn City Library.^[30] He translated David Pietersz. de Vries' Voyages from Holland to America 1632 to 1644 (1853) and Jasper Danckaerts' Journal Of A Voyage To New York In 1679–80.^[30]

During his residence at The Hague as American Minister he printed for private distribution two monographs, Henry Hudson in Holland: Origin and Objects of the Voyage which Led to the Discovery of the Hudson River (1859) and Jacob Steendam, Noch Vaster: A Memoir of the First Poet in New Netherlands, with his Poems, Descriptive of the Colony (1861). The latter of these was reprinted in his Anthology of New Netherland: or, Translations from the Early Dutch Poets of New York, with Memoirs of their Lives, issued by the Bradford Club in 1875.^[31]

Death and burial

Murphy died in Brooklyn on December 1, 1882, and was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery.^[32][33]

Family

In 1834 Murphy married Amelia Greenwood of Haverstraw, New York.^[34] Their children included Henry C. Murphy Jr. and George I. Murphy, both attorneys who practiced in partnership with their father.^[35]

References

1. Proctor, L. B. (1884). The Bench and Bar of King's County, N.Y. and the Bench and Bar of the City of Brooklyn, 1686–1884. New York: W. W. Munsell & Co. p. 25.
2. Memorial Biographies of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. Vol. VIII. Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society. 1907. p. 121.
3. Morrison, John Harrison (1903). History of American Steam Navigation. New York: W.F. Sametz & Co. p. 532. john g. murphy wheel ferries.
4. Stone, Linda (April 18, 2001). Report on Phase 1A: Archaeological Documentary Research of a Portion of Brooklyn Bridge Park Located Between the East River, Plymouth, Main and Washington Streets, Borough of Brooklyn (PDF). Flushing, NY: City of New York Department of Parks and Recreation. p. 12.
5. Green, Samuel W. (1883). A Complete History of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge. New York: S. W. Green's Son. p. 87. ISBN 978-0608421490.
6. Kettell, Thomas Prentice (July 1, 1847). "Political Portraits with Pen and Pencil: Henry C. Murphy". The United States Magazine and Democratic Review. XXI (CIX). New York: Thomas Prentice Kettell: 78.
7. Officers and Graduates of Columbia University. New York: Macgowan and Slipper. 1882. p. 72. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
8. Reynolds, David S. (1995). Walt Whitman's America: A Cultural Biography. New York: Vintage Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-0394580234.
9. Birmingham, Ernest F. (October 22, 1921). "Brooklyn Eagle's Eightieth Birthday". The Fourth Estate. New York: Ernest F. Birmingham: 25.
10. Stiles, Henry Reed (1883). Memoir of Hon. Henry C. Murphy, LL.D., of Brooklyn, N.Y. New York: The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Volumes 13–14. pp. 7–9.
11. A Biographical Congressional Directory, 1774 to 1903. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 1903. p. 711. murphy, henry c. representative brooklyn. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
12. Werner, Edgar A. (1883). Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons & Co. p. 130.
13. A Biographical Congressional Directory, 1774 to 1903, p. 711
14. Stiles, p. 14
15. Blume, Kenneth J. (2010). The A to Z of U.S. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0810875593.
16. Catalogue of Officers and Graduates of Columbia University from the Foundation of King's College in 1754, XVI edition. New York: Columbia University. 1911. p. 102.
17. Johnson, Willis Fletcher; Smith, Ray B. (1922). Political and Governmental History of the State of New York. Vol. II. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Press. p. 272.
18. Boone, H. H.; Cook, Theodore P. (1870). Life Sketches of Executive Officers and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York. Vol. III. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company. p. 108.
19. Life Sketches, p. 108.
20. "The Legislature: Senate". Buffalo Express. January 16, 1867. p. 1. Retrieved October 29, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
21. "The Legislature: Senate", p. 1.
22. Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York, p. 132
23. Alexander, De Alva S. (1909). A Political History of the State of New York. Vol. III. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 205.
24. "The U.S. Senatorship for New York". Burlington Free Press. Albany. January 20, 1869. p. 3. Retrieved October 29, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
25. "The U.S. Senatorship for New York", p. 3.
26. "Francis Kernan as U.S. Senator". The Buffalo Sunday Morning News. January 17, 1875. p. 1. Retrieved October 29, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
27. Green, Samuel W. (1883). A Complete History of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge. New York: S. W. Green's Son. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0608421490.
28. Hershkowitz, Leo (1978). Tweed's New York: Another Look. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday. p. 325. ISBN 978-0385076654.
29. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Brooklyn. Vol. 2. Brooklyn, NY: City of Brooklyn. December 1, 1882. p. 540. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
30. "Henry Cruse Murphy" in James Grant Wilson and John Fiske (eds.), Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Volume 4. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888; pp. 465–466.
31. Lossing, Benson J. (1906). Harper's Encyclopædia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1906. Vol. VI. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 313.
32. "Passed Over the River: Deaths of Henry C. Murphy and Other Prominent People". National Republican. New York. December 2, 1882. p. 1. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
33. "Interred: The Remains of Henry C. Murphy Laid in Greenwood". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 4, 1882. p. 2. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
34. Harlow, S. R.; Hutchins, S. C. (1868). Life Sketches of the State Officers, Senators, and Members of the Assembly of the State of New York in 1868. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons & Company. p. 112.
35. "Dead: One of Brooklyn's Most Conspicuous Citizens; Passing Away of Henry C. Murphy This Morning". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 1, 1882. p. 4. Retrieved October 29, 2021.

External links

• Works by Henry Cruse Murphy at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Henry C. Murphy at the Internet Archive
• Memoir of Hon. Henry C. Murphy, LL.D., of Brooklyn, N.Y., by Henry Reed Stiles, M.D. 1883.
• Catalogue of the Magnificent Library of the Late Hon. Henry C. Murphy, of Brooklyn, Long Island. New York: Geo. A. Leavitt & Co., auctioneers. 1884.
• Henry C. Murphy at Find a Grave
• United States Congress. "Henry C. Murphy (id: M001093)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by August Belmont	U.S. Minister to the Netherlands 1857–1861	Succeeded by James Shepherd Pike
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Joseph Egbert	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 2nd congressional district 1843–1845	Succeeded by Henry J. Seaman
Preceded by Henry J. Seaman	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 2nd congressional district 1847–1849	Succeeded by David A. Bokee
New York State Senate
Preceded by Francis B. Spinola	New York State Senate 3rd District 1862–1873	Succeeded by John C. Jacobs