Israeli typographer and book designer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Israeli designer. For a German-American historian of the Holocaust, see Henry Friedlander.
Henri Friedlaender (1904–1996) was an Israeli typographer and book designer. He co-founded the Hadassah Printing School and served as the first director of the school.
He was born in Lyon, France, in 1904 to a British mother, Rose Calmann and a German-Jewish father, Théodore Friedlaender, who was a silk merchant. His sister was the ceramic artist Marguerite Wildenhain. When he was six years old the family moved to Berlin where he attended the Mommsen-Gymnasium. In 1925, he moved to Leipzig, where he studied calligraphy and printing in Leipzig Academy of Graphic Arts.[1]
Friedlaender examines Hadassah Hebrew typeface sketches. The sequence was shot in his study in Motza Illit in 1978Henri Friedlaender and his wife Maria, in his study in Motza Illit, Israel (1989)IBM Selectric II dual Latin/Hebrew Hadar typeball, designed by Friedlaender
In 1930, Friedlaender started working on the Hebrew typeface Hadassah in Germany. He later worked with B. G. Teubner and with Wirth in Dresden, with Jakob Hegner in Hellerau, and for the Klingspor Type Foundry with Max Dorn. After working with Rudolf Koch he became a typographic designer with Hartung in Hamburg and later a printer and manager with Haag-Drugulin in Leipzig with Ernst Kellner. In 1932, Friedlaender immigrated to the Netherlands where he worked as art director of Drukkerij Mouton & Co. in The Hague.[2]
In 1940 Friedlaender married Maria Helena Bruhn, a gymnastics teacher. Due to the Nazi occupation restrictions he had to stop his professional activities and hide in the attic of his house in Wassenaar. Between 1940 and 1945 he was totally isolated, communicating only with his wife who, herself not being Jewish, could overtly make a living.[3] In these years he continued to work for the Exilliteratur publishers Querido and Allert de Lange,Exil editions | Koninklijke Bibliotheek and further designed the Hadassah typeface (completed in 1958).
Die Vorbilder der Mediäval und der Antiqua, Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik, Leipzig: Deutsche Buchgewerbeverein., 1927, 10/12, pp.726–730
Die Buchbinderinnen Dorothea und Katharina Freise, Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik, Leipzig: Deutsche Buchgewerbeverein., May 1932, pp.227–232
Moderne holländische Druckschriften, Schweizer Graphische Mitteilungen (journal), to 1951. See also Typographische Monatsblätter. Aug. 1948, pp.336–339 (brief Eng. summary pp.359, 361)
Philobiblon, 1933, p.1 (self-advertisement)
Typografisch ABC, Den Haag, 1939 (written for apprentices at Mouton) (Dutch)
De Overweldiger. Hoofdstuk I en II van het boek Habakuk vertaald door Henri Friedlaender (1945) (Dutch)
Zijn einde. Jesaja XIV: 3-21 vertaald door Henri Friedlaender (1945) (Dutch)
Der Knecht Gottes, (introduction + commentary) Pulvis Viarum (1947) (German)
Hoe bereikt men aesthetisch verantwoord zetsel op de zetmachine?, Kerstnummer Drukkersweekblad, Winter 1948 (Dutch)
Typographie oder Gebrauchsgraphik?, Schweizer Graphische Mitteilungen (journal), to 1951. See also Typographische Monatsblätter, June 1948, pp.257–264 (German)
Toward a Modern Hebrew. Printing & Graphic Arts. February(1959): 49–56.
Modern Hebrew Typefaces. Typographica. 16(1959): 4–9.
The history of numerals. Typographica. 1(1960): 48–53.
On Letters and Digits. Hadassah Printing School, Jerusalem, 1960. (Hebrew)
Book Craft. Hadassah Printing School, Jerusalem, 1962. (Hebrew)
Modern Hebrew lettering. Ariel: A quarterly review of the arts and sciences in Israel. 4(1962): 6–15. Print. Jan./Feb.(1964): 81. (Typography – USA seminar).
Training by production. Penrose Annual. (1965): 167–173.
Die Entstehung meiner Hadassah-Hebräisch, Hamburg: Sichowsky/Christians, 1967. (translated into English: The Making of Hadassah Hebrew. The Typophiles Keepsake. 1975. Israel Bibliophiles newsletter. 4(1984): 1–4.).
Von dem Möglichkeiten und den Notwendigkeiten künftiger Buchgestaltung (HF as participant in a symposium with Jan Tschichold and others), Hamburg: Sichowsky/Christians, 1970 (German).
Fischer, Ernst and others, Buchgestaltung im Exil 1933–1950. Eine Ausstellung des Deutschen Exilarchivs 1933–1945 Der Deutschen Bibliothek. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003. pp.38, 40, 95, and biog. pp.160–161
Halbey Hans A. (Ed.) Henri Friedlaender, in Scriptura, Harenberg Edition, 1990 ISBN3-88379-599-2
Heynemann, Susanne. Henri Friedlaender, in Jelle Kingma (ed.), Susanne Heynemann, Typografe (exh. cat.), Den Hague: Museum van het Boek/Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, 1998
Keim, Anton Maria. Gutenberg-Preis. Preisträger 1971: www.gutenberg-gesellschaft.uni-mainz.de.
Keim, M. Der Gutenberg-Preis: eine internationale Botschaft aus der Medienstadt Mainz seit 1968. Gutenberg-Gesellschaft, Mainz 1998.
Löb, Kurt. Drei deutschsprachige graphische Gestalter als Emigranten in Holland. Philobiblon, Sept. 1989, pp.177–207 (includes Paul Urban)
Löb, Kurt. Die Buchgestaltungen Henri Friedlaenders für die Amsterdamer Exil-Verlage Querido und Allert de Lange 1933–1940. Philobiblon, September 1990, pp.207–217
Löb, Kurt. Exil-Gestalten. Deutsche Buchgestalter in den Niederlanden 1932-1950, Arnhem: Gouda Quint, 1995 (the work of Friedlaender and Paul Urban biographies, bibliographies see esp. p.108)
Löb, Kurt. Grafici in ballingschap: Henri Friedlaender en Paul Urban, Duitse grafisch vormgevers in het Nederlandse exil 1932-1950. Amsterdam: Universiteitsbibliotheek Amsterdam, 1997. (Catalog of an exhibition held at the University Library Amsterdam, March 21 - May 16, 1997.)
Lubell, Stephen. Henri Friedlaender - In Memoriam, Gutenberg Jahrbuch, 1997, pp.348–349
Ovink, G.W. Die Gesinnung des Typografen (speeches by Ovink and Friedlaender at the Gutenberg Prize presentation, 1971), Mainz: Gutenberg-Gesellschaft, 1973 + Gutenberg Jahrbuch, 1984, pp.14–17
Ranc, Robert. Henri Friedlaender. Arts et techniques graphiques. 85(1972): 3-26.
Remy, W. Henri Friedlaender und das Hohelied. Illustration. 63(August 1984): 42–55.
Soifer, I. Henri Friedlaender: Book designer. Ariel: A Quarterly Review of Arts and Letters in Israel. Jerusalem. 33-4(1973): 131–148.
Soifer, Israel. Henri Friedlaender: New Approach to Type. Publishers' Weekly. (1 July 1968):74-75.
Standard, Paul. Henri Friedlaender: A Koch Pupil Who Brings His Master's Reflective Spirit to the Dutch Book Arts. Print: A Quarterly Journal of the Graphic Arts. 2(1947): 15-27.
Stern, Gideon. Printing, Books and Gideon Stern, Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2004
Tamari, I.J. Kusari-Hebräisch – der Anfang einer Druckschrift von Henri Friedlaender und Paul Koch, Gutenberg Jahrbuch, 1992, pp.309–318
Tamari, I.J. Nachruf auf Henri Friedlaender (obituary), Wolfenbütteler Notizen zur Buchgeschichte, Jg. 22, H. 1 (?1997)
Zahler, Ernst. Über das niederländische Buchschaffen, Schweizer Graphische Mitteilungen (journal), to 1951. See also Typographische Monatsblätter. Feb. 1949, pp.85–92