Heliconius erato petiverana

Heliconius erato petiverana is a subspecies or geographical race of the red postman butterfly. It is characterized by a red forewing patch and a yellow transverse stripe on the hindwing, on an otherwise black or dark brown background.The type locality is "Mexico", and the form occurs from southern Texas (as a rare stray) to central Panama. Some lepidopterists distinguish the named forms H. erato cruentus (from Chiapas) and H. erato demophoon (from Nicaragua to Panama) as separate races, based on the size of the red FW patch and the thickness of the yellow HW stripe.

Heliconius erato petiverana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Heliconius
Species:	H. erato
Subspecies:	H. e. petiverana
Trinomial name
Heliconius erato petiverana (Doubleday, 1847)

Identifying comimics

Heliconius erato petiverana is very similar to its congeneric comimic, Heliconius melpomene rosina. The easiest way to distinguish them is by the HW yellow band on the ventral surface, which bends "up" towards the costal margin in H. erato, and "down" towards the HW apex in H. melpomene. On the dorsal surface, two characters of the red FW patch can aid in distinguishing the two species: in H. erato, the distal margin of the red band is relatively sharp, while in H. melpomene, it is "fuzzy", blending with the black scales; also, the lower end of the red FW band does not reach the wing margin, while in H. melpomene it does. These characters should allow identification of well-focused images of the two species to be identified relatively reliably.

These characters are discussed in DeVries, 1987 ^[1] and also at Cliniquevetodax^[2]

References

1. Devries, P.J., 1987. The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
2. http://www.cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/earato%20petiverana.html La Diversite des Helconius