Heated tobacco product
Type of tobacco product / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A heated tobacco product (HTP)[note 1] is a tobacco product that heats the tobacco at a lower temperature than conventional cigarettes.[32] These products contain nicotine, which is a highly addictive chemical.[32] The heat generates an aerosol or smoke to be inhaled from the tobacco, which contains nicotine[33] and other chemicals.[17][32] HTPs may also contain additives not found in tobacco,[34] including flavoring chemicals.[32] HTPs generally heat tobacco to temperatures under 600 °C (1100 °F),[32][11][35] a lower temperature than conventional cigarettes.[36]
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HTPs use embedded or external heat sources, heated sealed chambers,[37] or product-specific customized cigarettes.[32] Whereas e-cigarettes are electronic devices that vaporize a liquid containing nicotine, HTPs usually use tobacco in leaf or some other solid form, although there are some hybrid products that can use both solid tobacco and e-liquids.[37] There are various types of HTPs. The two most common designs are those that use an electric battery to heat tobacco leaf (e.g., IQOS, glo, Pax) and those that use a carbon ember that is lit and then heats the tobacco (e.g., Eclipse, REVO, TEEPS).[32] There are similar devices that heat cannabis instead of tobacco.[16][38]
A 2016 World Health Organization report did not find any evidence to support claims of lowered risk or health benefits compared to conventional cigarettes.[39] A 2018 Public Health England report includes evidence that indicates HTPs may be safer than traditional cigarettes, but less safe than e-cigarettes.[40] Some HTP aerosols studied were found to contain levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to conventional cigarettes.[3][41] Although heated tobacco products may be less dangerous than cigarette smoking, the UK Committee on Toxicity suggests that it would be better for smokers to completely stop.[41] There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of HTPs on quitting smoking,[36] or possible effects of second-hand exposure.[32] The limited evidence on air emissions from the use of HTPs indicates that toxic exposure from these products is greater than that of e-cigarettes.[42] Smokers have reported HTP use to be less satisfying than smoking a cigarette.[42]
As early as the 1960s, tobacco companies developed alternative tobacco products.[43] HTPs were introduced into the market in 1988, though they were not a commercial success.[35] The global decline in tobacco consumption may be one reason the industry has invented and marketed new products such as HTPs.[43] The latest generation of heated tobacco products may be an industry attempt to appeal with governments and health advocates by presenting a potential (but unproven) "harm reduction" product.[43] Current smoking bans may or may not apply to heated tobacco products.[44]