Hanunoo language

Hanunoo, or Hanunó'o (IPA: [hanunuʔɔ]), is a language spoken by Mangyans in the island of Mindoro, Philippines.

Hanunoo
Hanunó'o
ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ
Native to	Philippines
Region	Mimaropa
Native speakers	13,000 (2000)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine South Mangyan Hanunoo
Writing system	Hanunuo
Language codes
ISO 639-3	hnn
Glottolog	hanu1241

It is written in the Hanunoo script.

Phonology

Consonants

Hanunoo has 16 consonant phonemes.

Consonants^[2]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p ⟨p⟩	t ⟨t⟩		k ⟨k⟩	ʔ[a]
	voiced	b ⟨b⟩	d ⟨d⟩		ɡ ⟨g⟩
Nasal		m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩		ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Fricative			s ⟨s⟩			h ⟨h⟩
Trill			r ⟨r⟩
Lateral			l ⟨l⟩
Approximant		w ⟨w⟩		j ⟨y⟩

1. Hanunoo does not write glottal stops.

Vowels

Vowels^[2]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Mid		(ə)
Open		a ⟨a⟩

• /a i/ can be heard as [ə ɪ] within closed syllables.
• /u/ can be heard as [o] within word-final syllables.
• /i/ can be heard as an open-mid [ɛ] among some speakers in certain words.^[3]

Diphthongs

Hanunoo also has four diphthongs: /ai̯/, /au̯/, /iu̯/, and /ui̯/.^[4]

Distribution

Hanunoo is spoken in the following locations according to Barbian (1977):^[5]

• Barrio Tugtugin, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
• Naluak, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro (on the upper Caguray River)
• Bamban, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro (also with Ratagnon and Bisayan residents)
• Barrio Panaytayan, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro (about 5 km (3.1 mi) from the highway in the mountains southwest of Mansalay)

References

1. Hanunoo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Epo 2014, pp. 5, 9.
3. Epo 2014, pp. 6–7.
4. Epo 2014, p. 7.
5. Barbian, Karl-Josef (1977). English-Mangyan Vocabulary. Cebu City: University of San Carlos.

Bibliography

• Epo, Yrrah Jane S. (2014). Discourse Analysis of Suyot: A Hanunuo-Mangyan Folk Narrative (MA thesis). Payap University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.695.4257.

Further reading

• Conklin, Harold (1949). A Brief Description of Hanunoo Morphology and Syntax. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Conklin, Harold C. (1953). Hanunóo-English Vocabulary. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Vol. 9. Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 3912044.

External links

• Hanunuo Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, Mangyan Heritage Center. (About the people.)