George N. Hollins

George Nichols Hollins (1799–1878) was an American captain and naval base commander, in the US Navy and later a captain and commodore in the Confederate Navy. He famously won the Battle of the Head of Passes, a naval battle of the American Civil War, returning to New Orleans a hero.^[1]

George N. Hollins
Born	(1799-09-20)September 20, 1799 Baltimore, Maryland, US
Died	January 18, 1878(1878-01-18) (aged 78) Baltimore, Maryland, US
Known for	US Navy and Confederate Commodore
Spouse	Maria Ridgely Sterrett
Parents	John Hollins (father) Janet Buchanan Smith (mother)
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Personal life

Commodore George Nichols Hollins was born in Baltimore, September 20, 1799. On March 20, 1833, he married in Baltimore Maria Ridgely, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Sterett (1773-1821).^[2]

His son, George Nicholas Hollins, Jr., was born in 1840 in Baltimore and died during the American Civil War in 1862.

Naval career

Hollins entered the navy of the United States as a midshipman in 1814 and served on the USS Erie in her attempt to break the British blockade of Chesapeake Bay.^[3] He was subsequently transferred to the USS President where he served under Stephen Decatur until captured at Bermuda. He was held as a prisoner of war until peace was established. In the Barbary Wars, he served under Decatur with such merit as to be presented a sword in recognition of his gallantry. Subsequently, he was on duty upon the ships Guerriere, Columbus, Franklin, and Washington, and commanded an East India merchantman for a time. He was promoted lieutenant in 1828, commander in 1841, and captain U.S. Navy in 1855.^[3][4] In 1853, he led the Bombardment of Greytown (Nicaragua), a naval action initiated by the United States sloop-of-war USS Cyane, which he commanded. The town was completely destroyed.^[5]

Civil War

At the outbreak of the American Civil War, he had served for almost 47 years in the U.S. Navy (almost 17 years total at sea), was a citizen of Florida, and was commanding the USS Susquehanna, cruising at the Mediterranean Sea. Hollins and his ship left the coast of Italy on May 5, 1861, and arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, on June 4, 1861.^[6] Having considered himself a Southerner, he promptly resigned his commission, but it was not accepted and an order was made for his arrest. Hollins escaped, and in March 1861, was in Montgomery, Alabama, then the Confederate capital, where he met Raphael Semmes, Josiah Tattnall, Thomas Brent, and many other naval officers to consult with a committee of the Confederate Congress on the means of providing a navy for the new government. He was commissioned a Captain, Confederate States Navy, on June 22, 1861. He later received a commission for the same rank, but to rank retroactively to March 26, 1861. On June 29 of the first year of the Confederacy, he quickly attracted attention by his clever capture of the steamer St. Nicholas in the Potomac River, as well as the capture of the Monticello, Mary Pierce and the Margaret.^[7] On July 10, the naval defenses of the James River were placed under his command, and on July 31, he was put in charge of the naval station at New Orleans, where he defeated the Federal blockading squadron the following October.^[8] Also that year, he served at the naval defenses, James River, Virginia. From 1861 to 1862, he was the Commandant at the Naval Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Hollins then commanded the defenses afloat the Mississippi River, with his flagship the CSS Manassas on the coast of Louisiana. Appointed flag officer in December 1861, he took a fleet up the Mississippi River to assist in the defense of the works at Columbus, Kentucky. From 1862 to 1863, he commanded the Richmond, Virginia Station, and in 1863, he commanded at Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1864, he again commanded the Richmond, Virginia Station, and then at the Wilmington, North Carolina Station. After the war, he returned to Baltimore, Maryland where he was appointed Crier at the City Court, and was in that position until his death on January 18, 1878.^[3]

See also

• Diplomacy of the American Civil War
• Henry Hotze
• Stephen Mallory

References

1. Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 300. ISBN 978-1598843385.
2. The Military and Naval Magazine of the United States. Thompson & Homans. 1833. p. 128.
3. Evans, Clement Anselm, ed. (1899). Confederate Military History. Vol. II. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Company. pp. 156–157. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. Smith, Myron J. (2015). Civil War Biographies from the Western Waters: 956 Confederate and Union Naval and Military Personnel, Contractors, Politicians, Officials, Steamboat Pilots and Others. McFarland. p. 117. ISBN 978-0786469673.
5. Rapier, Regina (1972). Felix Senac. Atlanta. p. 4. ISBN 0960058419.
6. Rapier, Regina (1972). Felix Senac. Atlanta. p. 5. ISBN 0960058419.
7. Casstevens, Frances H. (2007). George W. Alexander and Castle Thunder: A Confederate Prison and Its Commandant. McFarland. p. 222. ISBN 978-0786437306.
8. Grady, John (2015). Matthew Fontaine Maury, Father of Oceanography: A Biography, 1806-1873. McFarland. p. 204. ISBN 9780786478217.

Further reading

• Rapier, Regina. Felix Senac: Saga of Felix Senac, Being the legend and biography of a Confederate agent in Europe (Atlanta, 1972)
• Tucker, Spencer C. The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia [2 volumes] (ABC-CLIO, 2010).
• Smith, Myron J. Jr. . Civil War Biographies from the Western Waters: 956 Confederate and Union Naval and Military Personnel, Contractors, Politicians, Officials, Steamboat Pilots and Others (McFarland, 2015)

External links