Gassulawiya

Gassulawiya was a Hittite queen of the king Mursili II, ruler of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom) ca. 1321–1295 BC (short chronology).^[1]

Gassulawiya is known to have had several children including a daughter named Massanauzzi (referred to as Matanaza in correspondence with Ramesses II) married to Masturi, a ruler of a vassal state, and three sons named Muwatalli, Hattusili III and Halpasulupi. Mursili had further children with a second wife named Tanuhepa. Their names have not been recorded however.^[2]

Kantuzilli^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Tudhaliya I/II^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Nikkalmati^{[lower-alpha 3]}

Arnuwanda I^{[lower-alpha 3]}

Asmunikal^{[lower-alpha 3]}

Hattusili II?^{[lower-alpha 4]}

Tudhaliya III^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Daduhepa^{[lower-alpha 6]}

Zida^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Tudhaliya the Younger^{[lower-alpha 8]}

Henti^{[lower-alpha 7]} (1)

Šuppiluliuma I^{[lower-alpha 8]}

(2) Tawananna^{[lower-alpha 9]}

Arnuwanda II^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Telipinu^{[lower-alpha 10]}

Sarri-Kusuh^{[lower-alpha 11]}^{[lower-alpha 12]}

Zannanza^{[lower-alpha 13]}

Gassulawiya^{[lower-alpha 14]} (1)

Mursili II^{[lower-alpha 7]}

(2) Tanuhepa^{[lower-alpha 15]}

Talmi-Sarruma^{[lower-alpha 16]}

Sahurunuwa^{[lower-alpha 11]}^{[lower-alpha 17]}

Muwatalli II^{[lower-alpha 15]}

Halpasulupi^{[lower-alpha 18]}

Massanauzzi^{[lower-alpha 19]}

Hattusili III^{[lower-alpha 20]}

Puduhepa^{[lower-alpha 21]}

Ini-Tesub^{[lower-alpha 11]}^{[lower-alpha 22]}

Urhi-Tesub^{[lower-alpha 15]}

Kurunta^{[lower-alpha 23]}

Nerikkaili^{[lower-alpha 24]}

numerous daughters^{[lower-alpha 25]} and sons^{[lower-alpha 26]}

Tudhaliya IV^{[lower-alpha 27]}

Talmi-Tesub^{[lower-alpha 11]}^{[lower-alpha 28]}

Arnuwanda III^{[lower-alpha 29]}

Suppiluliuma II^{[lower-alpha 29]}^{[lower-alpha 30]}

Kuzi-Tesub^{[lower-alpha 31]}

(1) = 1st spouse
(2) = 2nd spouse
Small caps indicates a Great King (LUGAL.GAL) of the Land of Hatti; italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna.
Dashed lines indicate adoption.
Solid lines indicate marriage (if horizontal) or parentage (if vertical).

References:

Trevor Bryce (1997). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Trevor Bryce (2005). The Kingdom of the Hittites (new edition). Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Trevor Bryce (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Jacques Freu (2007). Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite. Paris, France: L'Harmattan.
Volkert Haas (2006). Die hethitische Literatur. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.

Notes:

Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was possibly a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II; the first Tudhaliya is now known to be the son of Kantuzzili (Bryce 1997, p. 131 suggested Himuili, but the new edition, Bryce 2005, p. 122, indicated Kantuzzili).
Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133); the link points to Tudhaliya II. Among those who identify distinct kings Tudhaliya I and Tudhaliya II, Freu (2007) has Kantuzzili—his son Tudhaliya I—his son Hattusili II—his son Tudhaliya II (p. 311).
Bryce (1997), p. 139.
The existence of Hattusili II is doubted by many scholars (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154; Bryce 2005, p. 141). Among those who accept the existence of Hattusili II, Freu (2007), p. 311, has Tudhaliya I—his son Hattusili II—his son Tudhaliya II.
Bryce (1997), p. 158.
Bryce (1997), p. 172.
Bryce (1997), p. 174.
Bryce (1997), p. 168.
Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).
‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).
King (lugal) of Carchemish.
Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.
Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).
Bryce (1997), p. 227.
Bryce (1997), p. 230.
Bryce (1997), p. 220.
Bryce (1997), p. 222.
Haas (2006), p. 91.
Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).
Bryce (1997), p. 296.
Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).
Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.
King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
Bryce (1997), p. 332.
Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
Bryce (1997), p. 363.
Bryce (1997), p. 361.
Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.
King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

Obviously by the end of her life Gassulawiya endured severe illness, as she addressed the goddess Lilwanis with a substitute statue, in order to be relieved from her illness.^[3]

[1]
Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. p. xiii. ISBN 84-376-1918-1.
[2]
Trevor Bryce, How Old Was Matanazi?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 84, (1998), pp. 212-215
[3]
http://dare.uva.nl/document/70271 Prayor of Gassulawiya, p. 61

UvA-Dare: Prayor to the goddess Lilwanis

Bryce, Trevor, (1998): How Old Was Matanazi?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 84.
Edel, E., (1994): Die ägyptisch-hethitische Korrespondenz aus Boghazköi in babylonischer und hethitischer Sprache
Klengel,H., (1999): Geschichte des hethitischen Reiches, Leiden, Boston, Köln

[3] Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was possibly a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II; the first Tudhaliya is now known to be the son of Kantuzzili (Bryce 1997, p. 131 suggested Himuili, but the new edition, Bryce 2005, p. 122, indicated Kantuzzili).

[4] Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133); the link points to Tudhaliya II. Among those who identify distinct kings Tudhaliya I and Tudhaliya II, Freu (2007) has Kantuzzili—his son Tudhaliya I—his son Hattusili II—his son Tudhaliya II (p. 311).

[bryce139-5] Bryce (1997), p. 139.

[6] The existence of Hattusili II is doubted by many scholars (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154; Bryce 2005, p. 141). Among those who accept the existence of Hattusili II, Freu (2007), p. 311, has Tudhaliya I—his son Hattusili II—his son Tudhaliya II.

[7] Bryce (1997), p. 158.

[8] Bryce (1997), p. 172.

[bryce174-9] Bryce (1997), p. 174.

[bryce168-10] Bryce (1997), p. 168.

[11] Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).

[12] ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).

[carch-13] King (lugal) of Carchemish.

[14] Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.

[15] Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).

[16] Bryce (1997), p. 227.

[bryce230-17] Bryce (1997), p. 230.

[18] Bryce (1997), p. 220.

[19] Bryce (1997), p. 222.

[20] Haas (2006), p. 91.

[21] Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).

[bryce296-22] Bryce (1997), p. 296.

[23] Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).

[24] Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.

[25] King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).

[26] Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).

[27] Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.

[28] Bryce (1997), p. 332.

[29] Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).

[bryce363-30] Bryce (1997), p. 363.

[bryce361-31] Bryce (1997), p. 361.

[32] Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.

[33] King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

[1] [1]
Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. p. xiii. ISBN 84-376-1918-1.

[2] [2]
Trevor Bryce, How Old Was Matanazi?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 84, (1998), pp. 212-215

[34] [3]
http://dare.uva.nl/document/70271 Prayor of Gassulawiya, p. 61

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Gassulawiya

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Gassulawiya

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Family

Illness

Notes

External links

Literature