GNB1

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB1 gene.^[5]

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GNB1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4KFM, 4PNK, 3KRX, 3KRW, 1GG2, 1OMW, 1GP2, 3AH8, 1XHM, 1TBG, 3PSC, 3PVU, 3UZS, 3CIK, 3PVW, 3V5W, 5HE2, 5HE0, 5HE3, 5HE1
Identifiers
Aliases	GNB1, G protein subunit beta 1, MRD42, MDS, HG2A
External IDs	OMIM: 139380; MGI: 95781; HomoloGene: 55532; GeneCards: GNB1; OMA:GNB1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.33 Start 1,785,285 bp[1] End 1,891,117 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 E2|4 86.17 cM Start 155,575,818 bp[2] End 155,643,726 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ganglionic eminence secondary oocyte prefrontal cortex Region I of hippocampus proper orbitofrontal cortex superior vestibular nucleus stromal cell of endometrium Brodmann area 10 Parietal Lobe caput epididymis Top expressed in neural layer of retina dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell retinal pigment epithelium tail of embryo genital tubercle visual cortex perirhinal cortex entorhinal cortex primary visual cortex ventricular zone More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function spectrin binding type 1 angiotensin receptor binding protein-containing complex binding signal transducer activity protein binding GTPase activity GTPase binding G protein-coupled receptor binding alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity Cellular component extracellular vesicle cell body membrane photoreceptor inner segment myelin sheath plasma membrane photoreceptor outer segment intracellular anatomical structure lysosomal membrane dendrite photoreceptor disc membrane heterotrimeric G-protein complex photoreceptor outer segment membrane extracellular exosome cytosol Biological process cellular response to catecholamine stimulus G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration cellular response to glucagon stimulus cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus platelet activation cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway retina development in camera-type eye Ras protein signal transduction cell population proliferation cellular response to hypoxia sensory perception of taste signal transduction rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway protein heterotrimerization Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway protein folding G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2782 14688 Ensembl ENSG00000078369 ENSMUSG00000029064 UniProt P62873 P62874 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002074 NM_001282538 NM_001282539 NM_001160016 NM_001160017 NM_008142 RefSeq (protein) NP_001269467 NP_001269468 NP_002065 NP_001153488 NP_001153489 NP_032168 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 1.79 – 1.89 Mb Chr 4: 155.58 – 155.64 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene uses alternative polyadenylation signals.^[5][6]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons edit]]

Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons edit

1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "NicotineDopaminergic_WP1602".

Interactions

GNB1 has been shown to interact with GNG4.^[7][8]

Mutations

Mutations in the GNB1 gene can cause developmental delays, seizures, and other health problems. The GNB1 Advocacy Group is the primary organization in the United States connecting patients to each other and to researchers working to cure the effects of these mutations.

www.facebook.com/groups/gnb1advocacy/

https://www.gnb1.org/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554743/

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000078369 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029064 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: GNB1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1".
6. Ogorodnikov A, Levin M, Tattikota S, Tokalov S, Hoque M, Scherzinger D, Marini F, Poetsch A, Binder H, Macher-Göppinger S, Probst HC, Tian B, Schaefer M, Lackner KJ, Westermann F, Danckwardt S (December 2018). "Transcriptome 3'end organization by PCF11 links alternative polyadenylation to formation and neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma". Nat. Commun. 9 (1): 5331. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.5331O. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07580-5. PMC 6294251. PMID 30552333.
7. Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (September 1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
8. Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (March 1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (12): 7141–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141. PMID 8636150.

Further reading

• Downes GB, Gautam N (1999). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
• Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ (1990). "Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding two forms of the G protein beta polypeptide, beta 1 and beta 3, in man". Genomics. 8 (2): 380–6. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90296-7. PMID 1979057.
• Codina J, Stengel D, Woo SL, Birnbaumer L (1986). "Beta-subunits of the human liver Gs/Gi signal-transducing proteins and those of bovine retinal rod cell transducin are identical". FEBS Lett. 207 (2): 187–92. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)81486-7. PMID 3095147. S2CID 22783787.
• Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 19828–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828. PMID 7649993.
• Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
• Kozasa T, Gilman AG (1995). "Purification of recombinant G proteins from Sf9 cells by hexahistidine tagging of associated subunits. Characterization of alpha 12 and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by alpha z". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (4): 1734–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.4.1734. PMID 7829508.
• Tsukada S, Simon MI, Witte ON, Katz A (1994). "Binding of beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins to the PH domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (23): 11256–60. Bibcode:1994PNAS...9111256T. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.11256. PMC 45206. PMID 7972043.
• Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E, Smrcka AV, Robishaw JD, Gilman AG (1994). "G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (6): 4388–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41792-3. PMID 8308009.
• Wall MA, Coleman DE, Lee E, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Posner BA, Gilman AG, Sprang SR (1995). "The structure of the G protein heterotrimer Gi alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2". Cell. 83 (6): 1047–58. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90220-1. PMID 8521505. S2CID 18993038.
• Sondek J, Bohm A, Lambright DG, Hamm HE, Sigler PB (1996). "Crystal structure of a G-protein beta gamma dimer at 2.1A resolution". Nature. 379 (6563): 369–74. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..369S. doi:10.1038/379369a0. PMID 8552196. S2CID 4321948.
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
• Mattingly RR, Macara IG (1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent activation of the Ras-GRF/CDC25Mm exchange factor by muscarinic receptors and G-protein beta gamma subunits". Nature. 382 (6588): 268–72. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..268M. doi:10.1038/382268a0. PMID 8717044. S2CID 4333145.
• De Waard M, Liu H, Walker D, Scott VE, Gurnett CA, Campbell KP (1997). "Direct binding of G-protein betagamma complex to voltage-dependent calcium channels". Nature. 385 (6615): 446–50. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..446W. doi:10.1038/385446a0. PMID 9009193. S2CID 4287544.
• Huang CL, Jan YN, Jan LY (1997). "Binding of the G protein betagamma subunit to multiple regions of G protein-gated inward-rectifying K+ channels". FEBS Lett. 405 (3): 291–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00197-X. PMID 9108307. S2CID 44072628.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Qin N, Platano D, Olcese R, Stefani E, Birnbaumer L (1997). "Direct interaction of gbetagamma with a C-terminal gbetagamma-binding domain of the Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit is responsible for channel inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (16): 8866–71. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.8866Q. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8866. PMC 23172. PMID 9238069.
• Nishida K, Kaziro Y, Satoh T (1999). "Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits". FEBS Lett. 459 (2): 186–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01244-2. PMID 10518015. S2CID 83524892.
• Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, Zheng JZ, Yan W, Rosenzweig S, Spielman AI, Max M, Margolskee RF (1999). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (12): 1055–62. doi:10.1038/15981. PMID 10570481. S2CID 24494794.
• Carman CV, Barak LS, Chen C, Liu-Chen LY, Onorato JJ, Kennedy SP, Caron MG, Benovic JL (2000). "Mutational analysis of Gbetagamma and phospholipid interaction with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (14): 10443–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.14.10443. PMID 10744734.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P62873 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1) at the PDBe-KB.