GER Class A55

The GER Class A55 or Decapod was an experimental steam locomotive with an 0-10-0T wheel arrangement designed by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway. It was the first ten-coupled steam locomotive in Great Britain.

GER Class A55
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer James Holden Builder Stratford Works Order number A55 Build date 1902 Total produced 1
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 0-10-0WT  • UIC E n3tp Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Driver dia. 4 ft 6 in (1.372 m) Loco weight 80 long tons 0 cwt (179,200 lb or 81.3 t) Fuel capacity 2 long tons 0 cwt (4,500 lb or 2 t) Water cap. 1,300 imp gal (5,900 L; 1,600 US gal) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 42 sq ft (3.9 m2) Boiler Length: 15 ft 6 in (4.724 m) Inside dia: 5 ft 3 in (1.600 m) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 131.7 sq ft (12.24 m2)  • Tubes 395 x 1.75 in (44.5 mm) dia  • Total surface 2,873.3 sq ft (266.94 m2) Cylinders Three Cylinder size 18.5 in × 24 in (470 mm × 610 mm)
Performance figures Tractive effort 38,788 lbf (172.54 kN)
Career Operators Great Eastern Railway Class A55 Number in class 1 Numbers 20 Nicknames Decapod Disposition Rebuilt in 1906 as 0-8-0 and later scrapped

Background

James Holden stands in front of his locomotive.

The locomotive was built for purely political purposes in order to block the passage through Parliament of a new rival scheme for an electric railway. The Decapod was built in 1902 to a design by the GER Chief Draughtsman, Fred Russell^[1] under the supervision of the Chief Superintendent, James Holden. The aim was to demonstrate the ability of a steam locomotive to accelerate passenger trains at a rate comparable to electric traction and the electric trams with which the GER was also in competition over short distances.

The locomotive was far larger than any locomotive previously built in Britain for home service. It had 10 driving wheels for maximum grip and prevention of wheelspin, each of which was four-foot-six-inches in diameter which gave high tractive effort. Three cylinders were used because there was insufficient room for two cylinders large enough to develop the required tractive effort without going up to a higher boiler pressure. Even so, it still had to have a pressure of 200 psi (1,380 kPa)^[2] to achieve the required result.

Technical details

The engine was fitted with a large Wootten firebox. There were three separate grates and ash pans, one on each side outside the frames and a third between, giving an aggregate area of 42 sq ft (3.90 m²). The trailing drivers were given a side play of 0.5 in (12.7 mm), the coupling rods being fitted with ball and socket joints. As the cranks of the three cylinders were set at 120 degrees in relation to each other, perfect balancing of the reciprocating parts was secured. In order to minimise the drivers slipping, compressed air sanders were fitted.^{[citation needed]}

Performance

The specification required that the locomotive should accelerate a 315 long tons (320 t) train from a stand to 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) in 30 seconds, an acceleration of 1.46 feet per second per second. According to Ahrons, "Holden's engine actually accelerated a new train of eighteen coaches, weighing 335 tons, at a rate of 1.4ft. per second per second in very windy weather."^[3]

Axle load at 16.75 tons (17 tonnes) was not excessive, but weight per foot run of wheelbase was very high and using a class of these engines would have necessitated considerable strengthening of bridges. Thus whilst it achieved its design aims, nothing resulted from the experiment.

Rebuilt

GER Class A55R
As rebuilt to an 0-8-0
Type and origin Power type Steam Rebuilder Stratford Works Rebuild date 1906 Number rebuilt 1
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 0-8-0  • UIC D n2g Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Driver dia. 4 ft 6 in (1.372 m) Wheelbase 23 ft 3 in (7.09 m) Length 56 ft 11 in (17.35 m) over buffers Loco weight 54 long tons 6.75 cwt (121,700 lb or 55.2 t) Tender weight 38 long tons 5 cwt (85,700 lb or 38.9 t) Total weight 92 long tons 11.75 cwt (207,400 lb or 94.1 t) Boiler Inside length: 12 ft 11+3⁄4 in (3.956 m) Diameter: 4 ft 9 in (1.448 m) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1.24 MPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 131 sq ft (12.2 m2)  • Tubes 1,738 sq ft (161.5 m2)  • Flues 22.9 sq ft (2.1 m2)  • Total surface 1,869 sq ft (173.6 m2) Cylinders Two, outside Cylinder size 18.5 in × 24 in (470 mm × 610 mm)
Career Operators Great Eastern Railway Numbers 20 Scrapped 1913

As the locomotive was therefore surplus to requirements, it was rebuilt in 1906, and converted into an 0-8-0 freight tender engine. The rebuild included a new boiler with a Belpaire firebox and a standard GE high-sided goods locomotive tender.^[4]

Number 20 was then assigned to March district for hauling coal trains, but proved no more capable than the Class G58 locomotives. The design was therefore not repeated, and the locomotive remained the only eight-coupled engine of the GER.

It was scrapped in 1913^[5] as nonstandard after a short working life.

0-10-0 developments

The Midland Railway produced the second 0-10-0 locomotive in 1919 with its MR 0-10-0 Lickey Banker. The third ten-coupled engine however would not appear until 1943 in the guise of a class of 2-10-0s built by the War Department, the Austerity 2-10-0. These were followed in 1954 by the last class of British ten-coupled engines, the BR Standard Class 9F.

In Fiction

In the 2017 film, Thomas & Friends: Journey Beyond Sodor, the character Hurricane is based on this engine before it was rebuilt.^[6]

References

1. "James Holden, S.D. Holden, A.J. Hill & F.V. Russell". Frederick Vernon Russell. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
2. Ahrons, E.L. (1987) [1927]. The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825-1925. London: Bracken Books. pp. 337–8. ISBN 1-85170-103-6.
3. Ahrons 1987, p. 337.
4. Aldrich 1969, p. 41
5. Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W. B. (September 1984). Fry, E. V. (ed.). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 6C: Tender Engines—Classes Q1 to Y10. Kenilworth: RCTS. p. 3. ISBN 0-901115-55-X.
6. "Hurricane - Character Profile & Bio | Thomas & Friends". play.thomasandfriends.com. Retrieved 15 September 2018.

• Aldrich, C. Langley (1969). The Locomotives of the Great Eastern Railway 1862–1962 (7th ed.). Wickford, Essex: C. Langley Aldrich. OCLC 30278831.

External links

• Mixed Traffic Locomotives Mike's Railway History