Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza

Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza (December 31, 1890 – September 6, 1971) was a Mexican statesman. Born in Coyuca de Catalán, Guerrero, he served in the Senate, as Attorney General in 1928, as Secretary of Education from 1928 to 1930, as ambassador to Hungary from 1930 to 1932, and as Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 1940 to 1945. He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1925.^[2]

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Padilla and the second or maternal family name is Peñaloza.

Ezequiel Padilla
Ezequiel Padilla in 1929
Secretary of Foreign Affairs
In office 1 December 1940 – 1 October 1945
President	Manuel Ávila Camacho
Preceded by	Eduardo Hay
Succeeded by	Francisco Castillo Nájera
5th Secretary of Public Education
In office 1 December 1928 – 5 February 1930
President	Emilio Portes Gil
Preceded by	Moisés Sáenz
Succeeded by	Aarón Sáenz
Personal details
Born	Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza (1890-12-31)December 31, 1890[1] Coyuca de Catalán, Guerrero[1]
Died	September 6, 1971(1971-09-06) (aged 80) Mexico City
Nationality	Mexican
Spouse	María Guadalupe Couttolenc[1]
Children	Evangelina Francesca[1]
Alma mater	Escuela Libre de Derecho[1]
Profession	Politician and diplomat

His appointment to the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs by President Manuel Ávila Camacho marked an end to the Post-Revolutionary domination of politicians from the North of the country. With his co-cabinet member Miguel Alemán Valdés (Secretary of the Interior), he "gave Mexico the most progressive foreign policy and the most orderly internal government in the nation's history."^[3] By 1941, he had successfully settled all foreign claims against the government stemming from the Cárdenas-era expropriations. He negotiated a favorable economic treaty, fixed the peso to the United States dollar, and secured loans for industrial development from the Export-Import Bank of the United States.

During World War II, he was a strong proponent of inter-American unity and led conferences of the foreign ministers of countries of the Americas to this end. He was criticized by some for being too pro-American.

He emerged alongside Alemán as a prime contender for the presidency in 1946. He was better-known abroad than his rival, and was considered to have stronger tendencies toward democracy. However, his association with the United States made him unpopular in the left wing of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and Alemán won the party's nomination. He ran as an independent candidate for the presidency in 1946, receiving 443,537 votes. Though Alemán received over three times the number of votes, Padilla's total was respectable, considering the PRI's hegemony at the time. Also, the fact that he was not exiled after the campaign is considered something of a victory for Mexican democracy, which had been intolerant of opposition parties and candidates since solidification of the PRI.^[4]

He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution.^[5][6] As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.^[7]

References

1. Martin, Percy Alvin, ed. (1935). Who's Who in Latin America: A biographical dictionary of the outstanding living men and women of Spanish America and Brazil. California, USA: Stanford University Press. p. 294. ISBN 9780804723152. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
2. Enciclopedia Política de México 9 Tomo V. (PDF). Senade de la República - Instituto Belisario Domínguez. 2010.
3. Fehrenbach, T.R. (1973). Fire and Blood: A History of Mexico, 103. New York City: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
4. Lucas, Jeffrey Kent (2010). The Rightward Drift of Mexico's Former Revolutionaries: The Case of Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 218–227. ISBN 978-0-7734-3665-7.
5. "Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
6. "Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
7. "Preparing earth constitution | Global Strategies & Solutions | The Encyclopedia of World Problems". The Encyclopedia of World Problems | Union of International Associations (UIA). Retrieved 2023-07-15.