European Fireball Network

European Fireball Network is an international astronomy organization based in Central Europe (Germany and Czech Republic). Its purpose is systematic and simultaneous night observation of meteors and other nebular objects.

European Fireball Network

A network camera at Daun, Germany. The camera itself is located on top of the tripod and collects light from the reflecting hemisphere in the middle of the construction.
Formation	1959; 65 years ago (1959)
Type	Camera network
Legal status	Active
Purpose	Record meteorite falls
Region served	Germany, Czech Republic, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Austria
Parent organization	The German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Institute of Planetary Research in Prague (Ondřejov Observatory).

Description

The network was initially located at the Ondřejov Observatory, Czech Republic, after the fall of the Příbram meteorite on 7 April 1959, which was the first meteorite simultaneously observed by several stations. By 1963, the network consisted of five stations. It was later (about 1968) expanded by the installation of about 15 new stations in Germany and named the European Fireball Network.^[1]

All-sky photo with the Earth-grazing meteoroid of 13 October 1990 (the light track across the picture going from the south to the north) taken at Červená hora, one of the stations of the European Fireball Network. The bright track on the left is the Moon.

Cameras at Ondřejov, Czech Republic

3D triangulation of the atmospheric trajectory of Neuschwanstein by the European Fireball Network stations.

The network currently consists of at least 34 camera stations located in Germany, Czech Republic, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Slovakia and Austria at elevations up to 1846 m above mean sea level. The cameras are separated by a distance of about 100 kilometres (62 mi); they cover an area of about 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) and photograph the entire visible sky. Cameras at Czech stations are equipped with fisheye lenses and are directed towards the zenith. Sky recordings are made every night with a long exposure time. Quickly moving bright objects (meteors) appear as broken traces in the images, and from the exposure time, the burn time and the angular velocity of the object can be determined. An important feature of the network is the simultaneous observation of an object from several stations that allows accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of its trajectory using triangulation. The network is jointly operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Institute of Planetary Research in Prague (Ondřejov Observatory). It produces about 10,000 images per year documenting about 1200 hours of clear sky observations. Its cameras detect about 50 large meteors per year.^[1][2]

The most significant observation by the network to date is the fall of the Neuschwanstein meteorite on 6 April 2002. Detailed data obtained from several stations allowed accurate reconstruction not only of the meteor path in the Earth atmosphere, but also of its orbit around the Sun. The similarity of the reconstructed orbits of the Neuschwanstein and Příbram allowed associating these meteorites to the same parent body.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

See also

• Glossary of meteoritics
• List of astronomical societies

References

1. Oberst, J.; Molau, S.; Heinlein, D.; Gritzner, C.; Schindler, M.; Spurny, P.; Ceplecha, Z.; Rendtel, J.; Betlem, H. (1998). "The "European Fireball Network": Current status and future prospects". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 33 (1): 49–56. Bibcode:1998M&PS...33...49O. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1998.tb01606.x. some excerpts
2. European Fireball Network Archived 2007-08-22 at archive.today page at DLR (in German)
3. Oddbjorn Engvold (2007). Reports on Astronomy 2003-2005 (IAU XXVIA): IAU Transactions XXVIA. Cambridge University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-521-85604-1.
4. "Meteor Neuschwanstein". DLR — Institute of Planetary Research (in German).
5. J. Colonel; D. Heinlein; U. Köhler; P. Spurný (2004). "The multiple meteorite fall of Neuschwanstein: Circumstances of the event and meteorite search campaigns". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 39 (10): 1627–1641. Bibcode:2004M&PS...39.1627O. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00062.x.
6. P. Spurný; J. Oberst; D. Heinlein (2003). "Photographic observations of Neuschwanstein, a second meteorite from the orbit of the Pribram chondrite". Nature. 423 (6936): 151–153. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..151S. doi:10.1038/nature01592. PMID 12736679.
7. Kornoš, Leonard; Tóth, Juraj; Vereš, Peter (2007). "Orbital Evolution of Příbram and Neuschwanstein". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 102 (1–4): 59. arXiv:1104.3115. Bibcode:2008EM&P..102...59K. doi:10.1007/s11038-007-9213-z.