Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
Episode of intrastate conflicts during Abiy Ahmed's administration / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The ongoing Ethiopian civil conflict began with the 2018 dissolution of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (ERPDF), an ethnic federalist, dominant party political coalition. After the 20 year war between Ethiopia and Eritrea, a decade of internal tensions, two years of protests, and a state of emergency, Hailemariam Desalegn resigned on 15 February 2018 as prime minister and EPRDF chairman, and there were hopes of peace under his successor Abiy Ahmed.[37] However, war broke out in the Tigray Region, with resurgent regional and ethnic factional attacks throughout Ethiopia.[38][39][40][41] The civil wars caused substantial human rights violations, war crimes, and extrajudicial killings.[42]
Ethiopian civil war (2018–present) | ||||||||
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Part of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa | ||||||||
Territorial control as of December 2023[lower-alpha 1] (For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see here). Pro-federal government troops Anti-federal government rebels | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Arms suppliers: |
Fano militia (2023–)[20] | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
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Ali Diyaar[22] Osman Abu Abdi Rahman[23] | |||||||
Units involved | ||||||||
Unknown | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | ||||||||
10,383+ killed[24] 8,000 captured[25][26] 2 MiG-23 lost[27][28] 2 Mi-35 lost[29][30][31] 1 C-130 lost[32] 1,555+ killed[33] | 5,600 killed, 2,300 injured, 2,000 captured (Ethiopian military claim)[34][35] | 800+ killed, 100 captured (Ethiopian claim)[36] | ||||||
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In March 2018, the EPRDF nominated Abiy Ahmed to succeed Desalegn, and he was made Prime Minister by the Ethiopian parliament on 2 April.[43] The 42-year-old Abiy reformed the country's economy, released political opponents, allowed the return of exiles, relaxed press restrictions, and freed diverse political groups to organize. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019 for ending the war with Eritrea. He reversed the former regime's ethnic politics enshrined in the 1995 Constitution. However, his policies exacerbated competition among the former coalition parties and pushed the country toward further ethnic strife.
In November 2020, war broke out in Tigray between the federal government and the regional government. The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) occupied Tigray's capital of Mekelle. The Tigray Defense Forces retook most of Tigray in mid-2021, and in late 2021 allied with the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA)[44][14] along with seven smaller rebel groups including Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), forming the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces.[45] After two years of shifting alliances and conflicts, TPLF and the Ethiopian government signed a peace treaty in Pretoria on 2 November 2022. However. sporadic civil conflicts continued, such as the Gambela unrest, OLA insurgency, and War in Amhara, the latter two carried out by OLA and Fano militants against the federal government.