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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elisa Branco Batista (December 29, 1912 – June 8, 2001) was a Brazilian Communist militant and peace activist, awarded with the Lenin Peace Prize in 1953.
Elisa Branco | |
|---|---|
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| Born | December 29, 1912 |
| Died | June 8, 2001 (aged 88) |
| Occupation(s) | Seamstress, political activist |
| Political party | PCB |
| Awards | Lenin Peace Prize (1953) |
Barros was born in Barretos, São Paulo, to a Portuguese father who owned a boarding house; she lived with her brothers in a house with 21 rooms.[1] When she was a child, her father died of illness and the family had to rent the rooms of his house to refugees arriving from Europe for survive.[2] She moved to São Paulo in 1948 where she learned sewing[3] and began working in pacifist campaigns[4] after discovering and joining the Brazilian Communist Party after the arrest of Luís Carlos Prestes.[5] That year, she was imprisoned together with the other members of the 1st São Paulo state Textile Workers' Congress.
She joined the Federation of Women of São Paulo (Portuguese: Federação das Mulheres de São Paulo) of which she became one of the executives and organized protest actions against the sending of Brazilian soldiers to Korea.[5] At the same time, she was the vice-president of the Brazilian Peace Movement.[2]
On September 7, 1950, during the festivities of the Independence of Brazil at the Vale do Anhangabaú in São Paulo,[6] she joined a gathering of activists carrying a banner saying: "Os soldados, nossos filhos não irão para a Coréia" ("The soldiers, our children will not go to Korea") to protest against Brazil's support for the United States in the Korean War.[4] Arrested, she was sentenced to four years and three months in prison, which she spent in Tiradentes prison. During her imprisonment, the lawyer for the Brazilian Communist Party filed a habeas corpus for her, but it was rejected. In prison, she teaches her fellow inmates to read, sewing skills, and body hygiene.[2] She is finally released in October 1951.
In 1953, she left for Europe to attend the Congress for Peace in Moscow where she received the Lenin Peace Prize..[5] From 1951 to 1965, she was member of the World Council for Peace.[3]
During the 1964 Brazilian coup d'etat, she was arrested again by the soldiers but only remained in detention for eight days.[1] In 1971, she was arrested again by the military and stayed 3 days in prison.[2]
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