East Northwall Firn

The East Northwall Firn was a glacier on Mount Carstensz in the Sudirman Range on the island of New Guinea in Central Papua province, Indonesia. Situated at an elevation of approximately 4,750 metres (15,580 ft) 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) NNW of Puncak Jaya, the highest summit in Oceania. It broke up in three patches in or before 2017.^[2]

Puncak Jaya region icecap in 1936.

Puncak Jaya glaciers in 1972. Left to right: West Northwall Firn, East Northwall Firn, Meren Glacier, and Carstensz Glacier. The first and third have now disappeared. See also animation.

East Northwall Firn
The East Northwall Firn is below the word "glaciers" in this 2005 image. The circular depression to the left is the Grasberg mine, the world's largest gold mine.
East Northwall Firn Show map of New Guinea East Northwall Firn Show map of Indonesia
Type	Mountain glacier
Location	Puncak Jaya, Sudirman Range, Central Papua province, Indonesia
Coordinates	04°03′54.82″S 137°10′49.87″E
Area	1.17 km2 (0.45 sq mi) in 2002[1]
Length	1.8 km (1.1 mi)
Terminus	Rockfall
Status	Retreating

Sometime between 1936 and 1962, a single Northwall Firn split into several separate glaciers, the largest being the East Northwall Firn and the West Northwall Firn. Research presented in 2004 of IKONOS satellite imagery of the New Guinean glaciers indicated that in the two years from 2000 to 2002, the East Northwall Firn had lost a further 4.5% of its surface area.^[1] An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about 32 metres (105 ft) thick and thinning at a rate of 7 metres (23 ft) annually. At that rate, the remaining glaciers in the immediate region near Puncak Jaya were expected to last only to the year 2015.^[3][4] Indeed, in or before 2017, the West Northwall Firn had completely disappeared and the eastern Firn had broken up in three small patches.^[2]

The East Northwall Firn glaciers are remnants of an icecap that in 1850 measured about 20 km² (7.7 sq mi) and had developed approximately 5,000 years ago. At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago.^[1]

See also

• Retreat of glaciers since 1850
• List of glaciers

References

1. Kincaid, Joni L.; Andrew G Klein (2004). "Retreat of the Irian Jaya Glaciers from 2000 to 2002" (PDF). 61st Eastern Snow Conference. pp. 147–157. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
2. Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018
3. McDowell, Robin (July 1, 2010). "Indonesia's Last Glacier Will Melt 'Within Years'". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
4. "Papua Glacier's Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists". Jakarta Globe. July 2, 2010. Retrieved 2011-11-03.