Drugs and sexual desire
Psychological effect of drug intake / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Drugs and sexual desire is about sexual desire being manipulated through drugs from various approaches. Sexual desire is generated under the effects from sex hormones and microcircuits from brain regions.[1] Neurotransmitters play essential roles in stimulating and inhibiting the processes that lead to libido production in both men and women. For instance, a positive stimulation is modulated by dopamine from the medial preoptic area in the hypothalamus[2] and norepinephrine. At the same time, inhibition occurs when prolactin and serotonin are released for action.[1]
Drugs acting on the above neurotransmitters can be used to upregulate or downregulate sexual desire due to diseased conditions. During drug development specialized for women, the Female Sexual Function Index-Desire Domain (FSFI-D) provides a reference measurement for researchers to evaluate recipients' responses and results.[3] FSFI values allow researchers to monitor the change of sexual desire with a more solid definition, and at the same time, establish records for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to process applications for drug approval. Similarly, the Male Desire Scale (MDS) is used for men.[4]
After evaluating symptom severity using the scales, patients are then prescribed different types of drugs. Flibanserin[1] and Bremelanotide[3] were developed for raising sexual desire in women, whereas similar conditions in men are treated using medications for sexual dysfunction.[4] On the other hand, down-regulation on libido comes in two approaches: a direct or an indirect mechanism. Multiple drugs from each category have been proven effective.[5]
Marketized drugs have encountered market demands, also boosted personalized medication developments aiming at a broader range of recipients.[6][7][8][9] Still, disease establishment dilemmas and FDA drug approvals give rise to ethical concerns, posing obstacles in the field's development.[10][11]