Draft:Wartime Premiership of H.H. Asquith
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Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC, KC, FRS (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 till 1916, the last to lead that party in government without a coalition. Asquith took the United Kingdom into the First World War, but resigned amid political conflict in December 1916 and was succeeded by his War Secretary David Lloyd George.
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The Earl of Oxford and Asquith | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
In office 5 April 1908 – 5 December 1916 | |
Monarchs | |
Preceded by | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
Succeeded by | David Lloyd George |
Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
In office 10 December 1905 – 12 April 1908 | |
Prime Minister | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
Preceded by | Austen Chamberlain |
Succeeded by | David Lloyd George |
Home Secretary | |
In office 18 August 1892 – 25 June 1895 | |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by | Henry Matthews |
Succeeded by | Matthew White Ridley |
Secretary of State for War | |
In office 30 March 1914 – 5 August 1914 | |
Preceded by | J. E. B. Seely |
Succeeded by | The Earl Kitchener |
Leader of the Opposition | |
In office 12 February 1920 – 21 November 1922 | |
Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by | Donald Maclean |
Succeeded by | Ramsay MacDonald |
In office 6 December 1916 – 14 December 1918 | |
Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | David Lloyd George |
Preceded by | Sir Edward Carson |
Succeeded by | Donald Maclean |
Leader of the Liberal Party | |
In office 30 April 1908 – 14 October 1926 | |
Preceded by | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
Succeeded by | David Lloyd George |
Personal details | |
Born | Herbert Asquith (1852-09-12)12 September 1852 Morley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England |
Died | 15 February 1928(1928-02-15) (aged 75) Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire, England |
Resting place | All Saints' Church, Sutton Courtenay |
Political party | Liberal |
Spouses |
|
Children | 10, including Raymond, Herbert, Arthur, Violet, Cyril, Elizabeth, Anthony |
Education | |
Profession | Barrister |
Stalemate brought deepening resentment against the government, and against Asquith personally, as the population at large and the press lords in particular, blamed him for a lack of energy in the prosecution of the war.[1] It also created divisions within the Cabinet between the "Westerners", including Asquith, who supported the generals in believing that the key to victory lay in ever greater investment of men and munitions in France and Belgium,[2] and the "Easterners", led by Churchill and Lloyd George, who believed that the Western Front was in a state of irreversible stasis and sought victory through action in the East.[3] Lastly, it highlighted divisions between those politicians, and newspaper owners, who thought that military strategy and actions should be determined by the generals, and those who thought politicians should make those decisions.[4] Asquith's view was made clear in his memoirs: "Once the governing objectives have been decided by Ministers at home – the execution should always be left to the untrammeled discretion of the commanders on the spot."[5] Lloyd George's counter view was expressed in a letter of early 1916 in which he asked "whether I have a right to express an independent view on the War or must (be) a pure advocate of opinions expressed by my military advisers?"[6] These divergent opinions lay behind the two great crises that would, within 14 months, see the collapse of the last ever fully Liberal administration and the advent of the first coalition, the Dardanelles Campaign and the Shell Crisis.[7]
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