Doxycycline
Tetracycline-class antibiotic / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites.[1] It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, Lyme disease, cholera, typhus, and syphilis.[1] It is also used to prevent malaria.[2][3] Doxycycline may be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[1]
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Pronunciation | /ˌdɒksɪˈsaɪkliːn/ DOKS-iss-EYE-kleen |
Trade names | Doxy, Doryx, Vibramycin, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682063 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous[1] |
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Bioavailability | ~100% |
Protein binding | 80–90% |
Metabolism | Negligible |
Elimination half-life | 10–22 hours |
Excretion | Mainly feces, 40% urine |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.429 |
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Formula | C22H24N2O8 |
Molar mass | 444.440 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and an increased risk of sunburn.[1] Use during pregnancy is not recommended.[1] Like other agents of the tetracycline class, it either slows or kills bacteria by inhibiting protein production.[1][4] It kills malaria by targeting a plastid organelle, the apicoplast.[5][6]
Doxycycline was patented in 1957 and came into commercial use in 1967.[7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] Doxycycline is available as a generic medicine.[1][10] In 2021, it was the 82nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.[11][12]