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Place in Kurdistan Region, Iraq From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dooreh (Kurdish: دورێ,[1] Syriac: ܕܘܪܐ)[2][nb 1] is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the Amadiya District and the historical region of Barwari.
Dooreh | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 37°13′24″N 43°28′7″E | |
Country | Iraq |
Region | Kurdistan Region |
Governorate | Dohuk Governorate |
District | Amadiya District |
In the village, there is a church of Mar Gewargis,[5] and the ruins of the monastery of Mar Qayyoma.[3] There was previously two shrines dedicated to Mart Maryam and Mar Apius and four cemeteries.[3]
It is suggested that the name of the village is derived from "dūru(m)" ("fortress, wall" in Akkadian).[3] The Akkadian word is loaned into Syriac as ܕܘܼܪܵܐ dūrā (ridge, enclosure) with the plural ܕܘܼܪܹ̈ܐ dūrē, same as the name of the village.[6][7]
The remains of a fortress nearby Dooreh have been dated to the early period of Assyria in the late third millennium BC, and likely inspired the village's name.[8] The monastery of Mar Qayyoma was founded in the 4th-century AD, and the church of Mar Gewargis was first constructed in 909.[3] The monastery of Mar Qayyoma is first mentioned in the mentioned in the 10th-century Life of Rabban Joseph Busnaya, and had become the seat of the Church of the East diocese of Barwari by 1610.[9] Dooreh itself is mentioned in a manuscript of 1683.[9] In 1850, 20-40 Church of the East families inhabited Dooreh, and were served by two functioning churches and four priests.[3]
Prior to the First World War, Dooreh was populated by 200 Assyrians,[3] who were forced to flee under the leadership of Agha Petros to the vicinity of Urmia in Iran, amidst the Assyrian genocide.[4] Whilst in Iran, 90 villagers died, and 30 women and children were either killed or abducted,[3] and the survivors were settled at the refugee camp at Baqubah in 1918.[10] After residing there for two years, 90 people eventually returned to Dooreh.[10] Dooreh was temporarily deserted again in the early 1930s due to the conflict between the Turkish government and the Kurdish Emir of Barwari.[4] 35 families inhabited the village in 1938, and the population of Dooreh was recorded as 296 people in 1957.[3]
At the onset of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961, 75 families in 40 houses resided at Dooreh,[4] and the village was damaged by a napalm attack during the war in 1968.[3] Despite this damage, the population increased to 100 families in 75 houses by 1978, in which year on 8 August the village was destroyed by the Iraqi government, and much of its population was forcibly resettled at Batifa.[3] The village's destruction was total, as all houses, churches, farms, and orchards were obliterated.[3] In the aftermath of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq, 30 families returned to Dooreh,[4] and the church of Mar Gewargis was rebuilt in 1995 with support from the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg.[5]
By 2011, the Supreme Committee of Christian Affairs had constructed 37 houses and a hall,[2] and the village was inhabited by 250 adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East in the following year.[11] Dooreh was struck by Turkish airstrikes on 1 September 2018 as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[12]
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