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Motor vehicle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Mitsubishi Galant (Japanese: 三菱・ギャラン, Mitsubishi Gyaran) is an automobile which was produced by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi from 1969 until 2012. The model name was derived from the French word galant, meaning "chivalrous".[3] There have been nine distinct generations with total cumulative sales exceeding five million units.[4] It began as a compact sedan, but over the course of its life evolved into a mid-size car. Initial production was based in Japan, with manufacturing later moved to other countries.
| Mitsubishi Galant | |
|---|---|
2009 Mitsubishi Galant | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Mitsubishi Motors |
| Production | 1969–2012 2007–2017 (Galant Fortis) |
| Assembly |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Compact car (1969–1987, 2007–2017) Mid-size car (1983–2012) |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive (1969–1987) Transverse front-engine, front-wheel-drive / Transverse front-engine, all-wheel-drive (1987–2006, 2007–2017) Front-engine, front-wheel-drive (1983–2017) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Mitsubishi Colt 1500 |
| First generation | |
|---|---|
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| Overview | |
| Also called | Chrysler Valiant Galant[5] Colt Galant Dodge Colt[6] Mitsubishi Colt Galant[7] |
| Production | 1969–1973 |
| Designer | Shinichi Mitsuhashi |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Compact car |
| Body style | 2-door hardtop coupé 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Related | Mitsubishi Galant GTO Mitsubishi Galant FTO |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.3 L 4G30 I4 (A51) 1.4 L 4G33 I4 (A54) 1.5 L 4G31 I4 (A52) 1.6 L 4G32 I4 (A53) 1.7 L 4G35 I4 (A55) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,420 mm (95.3 in) |
| Length | 4,080 mm (160.6 in) |
| Width | 1,560 mm (61.4 in) |
| Height | 1,370 mm (53.9 in) |
The first generation of the car, initially known as the Colt Galant, was released in December 1969 at a new Mitsubishi Japanese dealership called Galant Shop. The design was dubbed "Dynawedge" by Mitsubishi, referring to the influence of aerodynamics on the silhouette.[4] Three models were available, powered by the new 'Saturn' engine in 1.3- (AI model) or 1.5-liter (AII and AIII) configurations. 1.4- and 1.6-liter versions (14L and 16L) replaced these in September 1971. A larger 115 PS (85 kW) 1.7-liter arrived for the top GS model in January 1973.[8] Initially only available as a four-door sedan, five-door estate and two-door hardtop (A53) variants were added in 1970. The hardtop was Mitsubishi's first production passenger car with full side windows and no side pillars. In March 1973, with only two months of production left, the cleaner "MCA-II" version of the 1.6 arrived. With 97 PS (71 kW) it was three horsepower down on the regular version.[8]
The Galant was offered as a competitor to the Toyota Corona, Nissan Bluebird, Honda Accord, and Mazda Capella. It became Mitsubishi's first car to be sold in the United States in 1971 when the Chrysler Corporation, the company's new partner and stakeholder, began importing the car as the Dodge Colt. It was also produced by Chrysler Australia and sold alongside the larger Chrysler Valiant models as the Chrysler Valiant Galant.[2] In South Africa, the A53 Colt Galant arrived in late 1972 as the Dodge Colt 1600 GS (AY series). The car had already been rallied there, in 1300 and 1600 forms, and only the Hardtop GS version was sold to capitalize on the car's sporty image. Gross power claimed was 97 PS (71 kW) at 6700 rpm and the car was fitted with Rostyle wheels as also used on locally assembled Hillman Vogues.[9]
From 1970, a fastback coupé model was developed, the Galant GTO. Fashioned after contemporary American muscle cars, the hardtop GTO was available with a choice of two "Saturn" engines and the 2-litre Astron 80, and was available until 1975. The nameplate was sufficiently highly regarded in Japan for it to be resurrected for the 1990 Mitsubishi GTO coupé.
A third, more compact coupé was introduced on a chassis shortened by 12 cm in 1971, the Galant FTO. Powered by the 4G41 1.4 L engine, it too would leave a legacy for the company to return to in the 1990s with the Mitsubishi FTO.
Although the earlier Colt had been imported in limited numbers, this generation, in 1.6-litre coupé form only, was the first model to establish the Mitsubishi brand in New Zealand from 1971 when newly appointed distributor Todd Motors, which also imported and assembled Chrysler and Hillman, started selling a small number of Japanese-assembled cars to supplement its mainstream Hillman Avenger and Hunter models.
The coupé was assembled in New Zealand from 1972, firstly at Todd's Petone factory, on the Avenger/Hunter line and, from 1974, at the brand-new purpose-built factory in Porirua (closed in 1998).
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| Second generation | |
|---|---|
_GL_sedan_(17856017705).jpg) 1974 Chrysler Valiant Galant (GC) GL sedan | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Colt Galant Chrysler Colt (South Africa)[10] Chrysler Valiant Galant Chrysler Galant Dodge Colt Plymouth Colt Plymouth Cricket |
| Production | 1973–1976 1974–1977 (Australia) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Compact car |
| Body style | 2-door hardtop coupé (H) 4-door sedan (A) 5-door station wagon (V) |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,420 mm (95.3 in) |
| Length |
|
| Width | 1,600–1,615 mm (63–64 in) |
| Height | 1,360–1,395 mm (54–55 in) |
| Curb weight |
|
The second generation Mitsubishi Colt Galant A11* series was built from 1973 and received a replacement in 1976. Introduced on 24 May 1973 (on sale 1 June) in the Japanese domestic market, the second generation Galant was more widely exported as Mitsubishi's ambitions grew. It was again sold by Chrysler in many different guises; as the Dodge Colt in the United States, as the Plymouth Colt and Plymouth Cricket in Canada (from 1974), as the Chrysler Valiant Galant and as the Chrysler Galant in Australia, and in Europe as the Colt Galant. Transmissions were now all floor mounted and include a four-speed manual and a five-speed unit for sportier models. A three-speed automatic transmission was also available. The smaller 1600 engine was also available in the cleaner "MCA-II" version right from 1973, a model which met Japan's 1975 emissions standards. This version was marginally less powerful, with 97 PS (71 kW) rather than the 100 PS (74 kW) engine seen in the previous model.
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This new Galant model was more curvaceous, influenced by contemporary "coke bottle styling", and featured a range of larger 'Astron' engines developing up to 125 PS in 2000 cc form to complement the 'Saturn' units. During the second generation, the first Astron 80 engines were introduced in some markets using Mitsubishi's newly developed "Silent Shaft" balance shaft technology for reduced vibration and noise. Body styles remained the same as the first generation Colt Galants offered in sedan, wagon, pillar-less two-door hardtop coupé with the addition of a fixed post coupé for some markets. New models were added to the line up, including GL-II, SL-5, GT and GS-II. The Estate (A112V, sold as a commercial vehicle in Japan) was only available with the 100 PS 1600 engine, in Custom, GL, or SL-5 (with a five-speed manual transmission). It had vestigial wood panelling, featuring a narrow strip on the tailgate only.
In New Zealand the hardtop, now with an 1855 cc engine was again assembled by Todd Motors at Porirua. The sedan was not offered as Todd was planning to assemble the larger Galant Sigma sedan and wagon range from late 1977 and they were still importing the British Avenger and Hunter models.
In South Africa, the Dodge Colt 1600 GS arrived in late 1975 (YB series) to replace the earlier AY. Aside from the new body, with wider wheels and improved handling, it also benefitted from a new five-speed gearbox.[11] In August 1976, the name was changed to Chrysler Colt, and the new GS II received a 2.0-liter engine with 85 kW (116 PS; 114 hp). The 1600 also became available in less sporty GL trim, and a set of four-door models complemented the earlier hardtop. This new range signalled a move away from British and Australian sourced Chrysler products, with the four-door replacing the locally built Chrysler Vogue.[12] Only three months later, Chrysler South Africa ceased operations. Mitsubishi production was continued by the new Sigma Motor Corporation.[13]
| Third generation | |
|---|---|
 Mitsubishi Galant Sigma 1600SL Super (Japan; pre-facelift) | |
| Overview | |
| Also called |
|
| Production | 1976–1982 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Compact car |
| Body style |
|
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Related | Galant Λ/Sapporo/Scorpion Dodge Challenger |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,515 mm (99.0 in)[15] |
| Length | 4,300–4,450 mm (169.3–175.2 in) (sedan)[16][17] 4,340–4,490 mm (170.9–176.8 in) (wagon) |
| Width | 1,655 mm (65.2 in)[15] |
| Height | 1,360 mm (53.5 in) (sedan) 1,385 mm (54.5 in) (wagon) |
| Curb weight | 970–1,205 kg (2,138.5–2,656.6 lb) (sedan) 1,055–1,270 kg (2,325.9–2,799.9 lb) (wagon) |
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The third generation of the car was introduced in 1976, and was known as Galant Σ (Sigma). In many export markets the car was simply known as the Galant. At that time, the Dodge Colt in America was actually a Mitsubishi Lancer, not the Galant anymore, but nonetheless the Galant Wagon variant was sold with the Dodge Colt label in the US and Canada. In Australia, where the car was made locally at Chrysler's Clovelly Park plant, it was marketed as the Chrysler Sigma and, after the 1980 buyout of Chrysler Australia by Mitsubishi, as the Mitsubishi Sigma. Australian content was quite high and included a locally-made 2.6-litre 'Astron' four (introduced 1980) which, in December 1985, replaced the 1.6, 1.85 and two-litre engines used in other export markets.
The wagon version was introduced in 1977, a little while after the sedans. A new two-door coupé was introduced in 1976 to replace the Galant GTO. It was known in Japan as the Galant Λ (Lambda). The coupé was sold in the United States between 1978 and 1980 as the Dodge Challenger and Plymouth Sapporo. In Australia the Lambda was marketed initially as the Chrysler Sigma Scorpion and latter as the Mitsubishi Scorpion.
Mitsubishi introduced the MCA-Jet engine for Japan and other emissions-controlled markets with its latest Galant. This incorporated the "Jet Valve", a secondary intake valve which improved emissions without necessitating the need for a completely redesigned cylinder head. In 1978, Mitsubishi in Japan established a dedicated dealership sales channel called (Japanese: Galant Restaurant) to sell the Galant and other selected vehicles. After late 1977 the 1850 variant was discontinued, as Mitsubishi focussed their efforts on making the 1600 and the 2000 engines pass the new, stricter emissions standards.
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In Japan, the Galant range received a new variant in March 1978, known as Galant Sigma Eterna. This model has single rectangular headlights and different taillights.[18] This model also sold as facelift model for selected markets in Europe, New Zealand and South America. Seven months later the twin round headlights front design was replaced with one featuring twin square headlights and also new taillights. Models with engines which passed the new 1978 standards changed from the A120 to the A130 range. Mitsubishi had limited resources, and the large choice of engines for the Galant lineup was reduced to one 1.6 and one 2.0, with 86 and 105 PS (63 and 77 kW), at the beginning of the 1979 model year.[19]
Todd Motors initially assembled 1.6 GL, 1.85 GLX and two-litre GLS sedan models for New Zealand, with the GLS getting a five-speed manual transmission as standard with three-speed auto optional. These were the first NZ-assembled Mitsubishis to have rear screen demisters as standard. Early cars had conventional rod-suspended headliners developed locally to meet local content rules but these were notorious for collapsing on to the passengers' heads and were quickly replaced by newly developed, glued-in moulded foam liners. The range was later revised to add the wagon and drop the 1.85-litre engine.
The third generation Galant was the recipient of the Car of the Year award in South Africa in 1977.[20] In South Africa, where it was built by the Sigma Motor Corporation, it was sold as the Colt Galant. Originally sold with the 1.6- and the 2.0-liter engines, the automatic-only 2.6-liter engine arrived in the middle of 1979 and was developed locally.[21] The 2.6 arrived elsewhere only later. Mid-1979 was also when the facelifted (square headlights) model appeared in South Africa, with new "low-inertia" engines. Power output for the 2.0-liter remained at 65.5 kW (89 PS; 88 hp), but period testers felt it more powerful than the previous version.[22]
| Fourth generation | |
|---|---|
 1982 Mitsubishi Galant Σ Turbo (JDM) | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Mitsubishi Eterna Σ Mitsubishi Sigma Lonsdale |
| Production | April 1980–1987 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Compact car |
| Body style | 2-door coupé (Lambda) 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Related | Galant Λ/Sapporo/Scorpion Chrysler Sigma |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual 3-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,530 mm (99.6 in) |
| Length | 4,570 mm (179.9 in) |
| Width | 1,680 mm (66.1 in) |
| Height | 1,380 mm (54.3 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,190 kg (2,623.5 lb) |
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Introduced in 1980, Mitsubishi's fourth iteration of the Galant Σ (Sigma)/Eterna Σ (Sigma) debuted many new innovations for Mitsubishi. The car was sold as the Mitsubishi Galant in most export markets, although in both Australia and New Zealand it was known as the Mitsubishi Sigma. The fourth generation sedan and coupé were both slightly larger than the third generation cars. Additional emphasis was given to ergonomics, aerodynamics, and safety. Shoulder room, leg room, and head space were all increased, and the trunk was slightly enlarged for more luggage capacity. The interior was made quieter with additional carpeting and other acoustic dampening materials and a double-thickness front bulkhead. The wagon version was also changed, although from the firewall back the vehicle remained the same as the previous version.
Their new 'Sirius' engine was offered in turbocharged form for performance enthusiasts in some markets, with 145 PS (107 kW) for Japanese market cars[23] and 156 PS (115 kW) for those export markets unencumbered by strict emissions rules. A new electronic fuel injection system was introduced on some versions of the gasoline Astron engine. For economy, an 'Astron' 4D55, the first turbo-diesel engine in a Japanese passenger car, was also offered. Unusually, the fourth Galant was never offered with a naturally aspirated diesel engine. The 2.3 Turbo D has 84 PS (62 kW), enough to be considered "sporty" at the time, and was first shown at the 1980 Paris Motor Show.[24] The diesel had some initial reliability issues; a redesigned cylinder head which appeared in 1982 took care of the problems.[24] This model proved very popular in some markets, such as the BeNeLux countries, where it helped establish Mitsubishi in general and the Galant in particular.[25]
For the second generation in a row Mitsubishi could claim to be building an award-winning car, as this was chosen as Car of the Year in New Zealand in 1981. The cars sold there were again locally assembled with 1.6 and two-litre engines, and a choice of transmissions and trim. As elsewhere, the wagon versions carried over the old body style with a new nose and interior. Production of the wagon version continued in Australia until 1987 when it was replaced by the new Magna.
From 1982 to 1983, some of the Australian Sigmas, which had the carried-over 2.0 or 2.6-litre locally made inline-four engine, were exported to the United Kingdom with the Lonsdale badge, in en effort at circumventing the voluntary import quota restrictions adopted by Japanese manufacturers. However the car was unsuccessful, and for 1983 and 1984 it carried Mitsubishi Sigma badges in the UK before imports were finally discontinued.
The two door coupé was also redesigned for 1980 and was sold through 1983. While continuing with the Galant Λ/Eterna Λ label for the domestic Japanese market, the fourth generation was known as the Mitsubishi Scorpion in Australia, and the Dodge Challenger and Plymouth Sapporo in the United States.
| Fifth generation | |
|---|---|
.jpg) European market Galant | |
| Overview | |
| Production |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan 4-door hardtop sedan |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Related | |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 3-speed automatic 4-speed automatic 4X2-speed manual 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,600 mm (102.4 in) |
| Length | 4,580 mm (180.3 in) |
| Width | 1,695 mm (66.7 in) |
| Height | 1,385 mm (54.5 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,160 kg (2,557.4 lb) |
A fifth-generation model shifted to front-wheel drive in August 1983 as a four-door sedan and four-door hardtop (with different styling). The design continued the direction started with the Tredia, albeit with more harmonious proportions.[26] Drag resistance was down to an average 0.36 . All new chassis numbers, from E11A to E19A, marked the change. External dimensions all grew, but only marginally, while the wheelbase was 7 cm (2.8 in) longer. Thanks to the more compact drivetrain, however, passenger space increased noticeably and the boot grew from 272 to 360 litres (9.6 to 12.7 cu ft) while the liftover edge was significantly lowered.[27] Weight distribution was distinctly towards the front, with 64.47% of the car's weight over the front wheels for the turbodiesel.[28] In the Japanese market there was also a parallel "Eterna" lineup with very minor differences in appearance and equipment. This generation formed the basis of the widened (by 4 inches/100 mm) Mitsubishi Magna produced in Australia from 1985, the same year in which Mitsubishi won Bild am Sonntag's Das Goldene Lenkrad (Golden Steering Wheel) award in Germany for the Galant and Wheels magazine's Car of the Year for the Magna.[29] Mitsubishi Motors codenamed these cars as "YF" and "YFW"—"W" for "wide", respectively.[30]
The station wagon version was effectively replaced by the Chariot/Space Wagon in most markets. The Galant was the third Japanese car to adopt four-wheel anti-lock brakes, using Bosch's ABS system.[31] Vehicles in Japan installed with the four-speed transmission were equipped with what Mitsubishi called Super Shift, essentially installing a transfer case, without adding another driveshaft to the rear wheels. Super Shift was no longer offered with the introduction of the five-speed manual transmission.
Exports began about a year after introduction. European and rest-of-the-world trim levels were often engine-specific, depending on the market: At the time of introduction, GL and GLX models were offered with either 1.6-litre or 1.8-litre engines, GLS models had 2.0-litre engines (badged 2000 GLS; in some markets there was also a 2000 GLX) and Diesel versions had a 1.8-litre Sirius turbo-diesel engine. The diesel model received GL or GLX trim, although in some markets it was simply the 1800 TD. A fuel injected 150 PS (110 kW) 2000 Turbo was also available in some export markets. The TD and the Turbo both received standard power steering.[27]
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Equipment levels in Japan had more interesting names, ranging from the LS and LG via Super Saloon, Super Touring, Super Exceed, and GSR-X up to the most luxurious Royal.[32] The top models for Japan (the "Super Exceed" sedan or "VR" hardtop) were powered by the 200 PS (147 kW) (JIS gross, later only 170 PS were claimed) turbocharged and intercooled "Sirius Dash 3/2 valve" engine. This engine switched between using two and three valves per cylinder to combine high top-end power with low-end drivability as well being economical in operation.[31]
Beginning in October 1986, the all-new 2-liter Cyclone V6 engine was installed in the Galant/Eterna, sedans as well as hardtops. Some of the V6 variants received electrically retractable door mirrors and electronically controlled power steering.[33]
Sales in the United States began with the 1985 model year; this was the first time that the Galant series was sold stateside since the station wagon was marketed as a Dodge Colt a few years earlier. New for 1987 (the last model year for this generation) were redesigned seats and the availability of a five-speed manual transmission as well as leather upholstery.[34]
This generation was largely replaced in 1988 by the sixth generation Galant (see below). The widened Australian-made version, however, remained in production until 1991 when it was replaced by a new generation Magna, whereas the Japanese hardtop range was produced until it was replaced by the new Sigma/Diamante version in 1990. In addition, the taxi-spec sedan remained in production for Japanese commercial use until December 1999, when Mitsubishi abandoned that market. The taxi was only available with an LPG-powered 1.8-litre engine, originally the 4G37. From October 1986 the Taxi (and driving school model) was fitted with Mitsubishi's new "Cyclone" combustion chamber design.[33]
At the end of October 1990, the Galant Σ Taxi received a light update and a reshuffle of the models.[35] There was a base L model and a better equipped LG with body-colored bumpers. The modification included three-point belts in the rear seat, a high-mounted brake light, adjusted gearing, a flattened rear seat squab, larger radiator, and a larger washer fluid tank, amongst other detail improvements. A five-speed manual, or three- or four-speed automatics were on offer. Target production was around 1,200 units per year.[35] For its last three years of production, this model received an LPG-version of the 1834 cc "4G93" engine.
The fifth-generation Galant was introduced to the New Zealand market in mid-1984, as the Mitsubishi Sigma. Assembled by Mitsubishi's New Zealand distributors, Todd Motors, the Sigma was available with the choice of 1.8- and 2.0-litre engines, the 2.0 having the option of automatic transmission, and availability with a turbocharger on certain models.
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Several trim levels were offered, GL, GLX, GSR, Super Saloon and SE. The top SE versions notably featured 'Sigma' branded alloy wheels, digital instrumentation, climate controlled air conditioning, cruise control, speed-dependent intermittent wipers and a salmon-brown coloured interior treatment, the treatment changing deep red colour as a running change in 1985 on this model.
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Further running changes concerned the rear styling. For the initial 1984 production run the rear numberplate was located above the bumper, however for 1985 and 1986 the plate was relocated to below the bumper, in the manner of the Japanese domestic market Galant models. New taillights were fitted for 1987, the rear numberplate reverting to its original place above the bumper.
1987 was a key year for Mitsubishi in New Zealand, when it bought out Todd Motors' automotive operations.
Although the sixth generation Galant was introduced for 1988, the older fifth generation bodyshell stayed in production alongside it. Mitsubishi Motors New Zealand intentionally decided to retain the fifth generation sedan bodystyle for a new, unique to New Zealand, flagship model—the 110 kW (150 hp) 3.0-liter V6 engined Mitsubishi V3000. The V3000 was developed specifically to give Mitsubishi New Zealand a six-cylinder family car, suitable for towing boats and caravans, to compete with the imported Ford Falcon (EA) and Holden Commodore (VN) models.
While the rear styling of the previous Sigma model was retained, the frontal treatment was changed to now feature a more formal, upright chrome grille (the bonnet and grille were from the top-of the-line Sigma SE), and uprated suspension. The V3000 was available in basic Executive, mid-range Super Saloon, and top-of-the-range SEi trim levels, the latter with luxury trim and digital dashboard. Later a sports version Elante was introduced, based on the Executive. The V6 engine combined with relatively low weight and gearing ensured excellent performance, New Zealand's traffic patrol selected them as patrol cars to replace the turbocharged Sigma GSR. These police cars had the Elante suspension pack, which was an option on other models. For 1990, the V3000 was further updated and now featured the front styling of the Eterna hardtop. New Zealand was the only market where this restyling was applied to the fifth generation four-door sedan bodyshell. Assembly of this model continued until 1991, when it was replaced by the second-generation Australian Mitsubishi Magna TR V6 range, which continued to be known as V3000 for the New Zealand market.
The hardtop sedan bodywork was used in export markets as well, where it received a six-window design unlike for its Japanese market counterparts. It was marketed under different names; "Galant Σ" or "Eterna Σ" (Sigma) in Japan, "Sapporo" in Europe,[36] and in the US as "Galant Σ" (1988 model year) followed by plain "Sigma" (1989 to 1990 model years).[37][38] The "Galant Σ" was released for the 1988 model year, but the "Sigma" version with updated alloy wheels began US sales in August 1988 for the 1989 model year and continued until 1990.[36] These cars were available with a 3.0-liter V6 (North America, only with automatic transmission) or 2.4-liter four-cylinder engines (Europe) in the export. In the domestic Japanese market the hardtops received 2.0-litre fours, or the smaller 2.0-litre 6G71 V6 engine from 1986, shared with the Mitsubishi Debonair limousine. For the top-of-the-line VR models, an intercooled turbo-charged 4G63T "Sirius Dash 3x2" engine that automatically switched between two and three valves per cylinder depending upon throttle response and therefore allowing both economy and performance, was fitted, along with self-levelling suspension, climate-controlled air-conditioning, blue velour interior, steering wheel-controlled audio functions, and 15-inch alloy wheels. From 1985, the powerplant was renamed "Cyclone Dash 3x2".
The hardtop range continued to be available until 1990 as Mitsubishi's most luxurious offering in most export markets, until the Sigma/Diamante replaced it. It also continued on sale in Japan, but only as the Eterna Sigma after a facelift in May 1989. In Japan the hardtop was available with a 1.8-liter four at the bottom of the range and with the large 3.0-liter V6 in the top "Duke" version after this makeover.[39] The European market Sapporo took its bow at the 1987 Frankfurt Motor Show; the large 2.4-liter 4G64 "Sirius" four-cylinder producing 129 PS (95 kW) at 5,000 rpm (124 PS or 91 kW for the catalyzed version).[40]
| Sixth generation | |
|---|---|
 Pre-facelift Mitsubishi Galant 2.0 sedan (US) | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Mitsubishi Eterna Dodge 2000 GTX (Canada) Eagle 2000 GTX (Canada) Mitsubishi ZX/MF/MS/MX (Venezuela) |
| Production | 1987–1994 |
| Designer | Shinichi Mitsuhashi[41] |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan 4-door hardtop sedan 5-door hatchback |
| Layout | Transverse front-engine, front-wheel-drive / all-wheel-drive |
| Related | |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,600 mm (102.4 in) |
| Length | 4,560 mm (179.5 in) |
| Width | 1,695 mm (66.7 in) |
| Height | 1,360 mm (53.5 in) |
In October 1987 the same platform was used for a sixth-generation model which adopted taller, rounded styling. This generation won the Car of the Year Japan award in 1987 and the GS model became Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year in 1989.[42] This Galant began American sales in 1989, side by side with the previous generation Sigma.
Mitsubishi developed Dynamic ECS adaptive air suspension,[43] the world's first production semi-active electronically controlled suspension system in passenger cars; the system was first incorporated in the 1987 Galant model.[44][45][46][47][48]
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The Galant range underwent a minor facelift in 1991, with new grilles and other modifications. Also in 1991, Mitsubishi Motors Company completed a new assembly facility at Barcelona, Venezuela, with the Galant being one of the first models produced. It was sold there until 1994 under the ZX, MF, MS and MX names, which identified the various levels of equipment and transmission.
The Sigma designation disappeared with the 1990 model. A new hardtop liftback model was added in 1988, called the (Japanese: Mitsubishi Eterna). and in Japan, the Eterna was only sold at a specific retail chain called Car Plaza. This generation Galant was also sold in Canada as the Dodge 2000 GTX and Eagle 2000 GTX.[49] The five-door liftback version was never offered in North America, where buyers prefer traditional sedans. In most of the world, the sixth generation Galant was replaced towards the end of 1992, but North American sales only ended in 1994, when the next generation Galant arrived there.
A limited edition based on the GTi-16v model was introduced in 1989, modified by German tuning company AMG (owned by Mercedes-Benz since 1999), with mildly uprated engine (170 PS or 125 kW or 168 hp) and unique body kit, alloy wheels, and full leather interior. The AMG appearance treatment was also achieved on the Debonair for 1986. It, along with the Debonair, were the only Japanese cars that received the AMG treatment.
The sixth generation was also the first to see the introduction of the VR-4 variant, which was the basis for Mitsubishi's participation in the 1988–1992 World Rally Championships. The Galant's 4G63 two-litre DOHC turbocharged engine and 4WD transmission was later adopted for the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution with little modification and would remain in production for fifteen years. Starting in 1989, the Mitsubishi Galant V-series were produced for the Japanese market as a sporty alternative to the regular Galant range. The lineup consisted of Viento and VX-S/VZ-S models featuring the higher output 1.8 and 2.0 Turbo DOHC engines with both automatic and manual transmissions available. The V-series featured the VR-4 interior, exterior design and updated bumpers (without side skirts), clear indicator lens covers, optional two-tone body paint, as well as standard air conditioning, full electrics, rear windscreen wiper, spoiler and alloy wheels. Fans sometimes call this car the "Evo Zero" but this was never more than a nickname as the Evolution series is Lancer-based.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test ratings for 1991–1992 Galant:[50]
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| Seventh generation | |
|---|---|
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| Overview | |
| Also called | Mitsubishi Emeraude Mitsubishi Eterna Mitsubishi Galant Ultima (Thailand) |
| Production | 1992–1998 |
| Assembly |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan 4-door hardtop sedan (Emeraude) 5-door Liftback |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive/four-wheel-drive |
| Related | Proton Perdana |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual 4-speed INVECS automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,635 mm (103.7 in)[51] |
| Length | 4,625–4,640 mm (182.1–182.7 in) |
| Width | 1,730 mm (68.1 in) |
| Height | 1,395–1,400 mm (54.9–55.1 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,250 kg (2,756 lb)[52] 1,430 kg (3,153 lb) (VR-4) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Mitsubishi Carisma (Europe) |
A new Galant debuted in September 1992 at the Tokyo Motor Show (model year 1994 in the US), originally only available as a four-door sedan (which was the only model to be sold in the US). A five-door liftback derivative made its world premiere at the February 1993 Dutch Motor Show.[53] A Japan-only hardtop derivative called the (Japanese: Emeraude) (French for emerald) was also launched in 1992. The width dimensions of the model sold in Japan no longer complied with Japanese government dimension regulations.
In October 1993, Mitsubishi introduced a trim level for this model called "VX-R", offered a 2.0 L MIVEC version of the 6A12, a high revving naturally aspirated V6 engine with more aggressive tuning. This engine is also found on Mitsubishi's midsize sports car FTO's GP trim levels which introduced in 1994. Output was placed at 200 hp (149 kW) and 147 lb⋅ft (199 N⋅m) of torque.
This generation marked a substantial change in suspension design. The front switched from struts to a multi-link structure featuring two lower arms and one upper arm. The rear switched from a beam axle to a newly designed multi-link system. This was the world's first 4-wheel multi-link suspension in an FF car. Both designs would carry over to the second generation Mitsubishi Eclipse and its sister vehicles.
For 1992, the emergence of the homologated Lancer Evolution meant that the top-spec Galant VR-4 was no longer constrained by sporting regulations. The new generation thus became a less overtly competition oriented vehicle. The existing, proven 4WD transmission was carried over, in keeping with Mitsubishi's reputation for performance-enhancing technology, but the old inline-four was superseded by a smoother twin-turbo 2.0-litre V6, and mated either to a conventional five-speed manual, or a four-speed INVECS auto complete with "fuzzy logic", which allowed the transmission to adapt to the driver's style and road conditions "on the fly". It was capable of accelerating from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in about 6.5 seconds, and if derestricted could reach about 140 mph (230 km/h).[citation needed]
Variants of the VR-4 using the same engine and drivetrain were sold in Japan as the Eterna XX-4 (1992) and Galant Sports GT liftback.
Production in the United States began on 24 May 1993 when the first seventh generation Galant rolled off the assembly line in Normal, Illinois. In 1995, a slightly upgraded GS version was available with a 160 hp (119 kW) twin cam engine, speed-sensitive steering, rear stabilizer bar, and an available manual transmission.
In Europe were also available 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) naturally aspirated 2.5 L 24-valve DOHC engine, which was mounted with four-wheel drive, 5-speed manual transmission and four-wheel-steering. Body styles were four-door sedan and five-door Liftback. Rear differential was not available with limited-slip. In option were sunroof, A/C, cruise control, power windows, central locking, electrical heated seats and electrical side-mirrors.
In the Philippines, the seventh generation Galant started production in late October 1993. It was offered in 2 grades: VR and top-spec Super Saloon. There were 2 engine choices offered: the 2.0L V6 engine mated to a 5-speed manual for the VR or a 2.0L inline-four engine mated to either a 5-speed manual or a 4-speed automatic transmission for the Super Saloon grade.[citation needed]
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test ratings for 1997 and 1998 Galant:[50]
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| Eighth generation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Mitsubishi Legnum Mitsubishi Aspire Mitsubishi MX/MF Mitsubishi VRG Mitsubishi VRM (Hong Kong) |
| Production | 1996–2006 |
| Assembly | Japan: Nagoya Plant, Okazaki, Aichi United States: Normal, Illinois (MMNA) Indonesia: Pademangan, Jakarta (KKM) Philippines: Cainta (MMPC) Taiwan: Yang Mei (CMC) New Zealand: Porirua, Wellington |
| Designer | Akinori Nakanishi[54] |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon (Legnum) |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive/four-wheel-drive |
| Related | Mitsubishi Legnum Mitsubishi Galant VR-4 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual 5-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,635 mm (103.7 in) |
| Length | 4,660 mm (183.5 in) |
| Width | 1,740 mm (68.5 in) |
| Height | 1,410–1,420 mm (55.5–55.9 in) |
| Curb weight | 1336 kg (2945 lbs)[55] |
The eighth-generation 1996 model continued the 1992's design themes but a five-door station wagon (known in Japan as the Legnum, derives from the Latin word regnum, meaning regal power or rank) was added while the five-door liftback was dropped. This model won the 1996–97 Car of the Year Japan award for the second time. Despite being superseded in the US and Europe from 2003, it remained on sale in other countries until 2006. In Japan, the Legnum was sold only at a specific retail chain called "Car Plaza", while the Galant remained exclusive to Galant Shop locations. The Japanese market model was the first mass-produced car to use a gasoline direct injection engine, when a GDI version of the 4G93 inline-four engine was introduced.
This model was also produced in Barcelona, Venezuela, at the only Mitsubishi plant in Latin America. At the beginning, the Galant was marketed in that country under the "MX" and "MF" names in 1997 and 1998 (featuring a manual or INVECS-II automatic transmission respectively), then kept the Galant name until the end of its production in 2006. Although the equipment options were limited, the VR-4 appearance package was offered in that market.
The American market Galant, introduced on 7 July 1998, graduated to the US Environmental Protection Agency's mid-size class. The front suspension design switched from multi-link to struts, though the rear was upgraded with a stabilizer bar standard on all but the base DE model. The ES, LS and GTZ models were offered with a 195 hp (145 kW) V6 engine, the 6G72 3.0 L, mated to a standard four-speed conventional automatic. Another difference between Asian and European models was the lack of ABS, which was only installed on 3.0 L models. It received a facelift for the 2002 model year.
In August 1998, Mitsubishi introduced the Aspire as the successor of Eterna. Externally identical to the facelifted Galant at the same time of introduction.
Mitsubishi opted to further develop the technology in its range-topping VR-4, which was now powered by an enlarged 2.5 L V6 twin-turbo. The car features either a conventional five-speed manual or INVECS-II transmission. Some variants (all of the pre-facelift model and Type-S for the facelift model) were also fitted with the same advanced active yaw control (AYC) as the Lancer Evolution, to give it greater agility than would be expected of such a large vehicle. Finally, as with the rest of the range, the VR-4 could now be had either as a Galant sedan or as a Legnum station wagon.
The MIVEC version of the 6A12 was drop down from the Japanese market model, but some Asian markets were offer this engine with the trim levels called "VX-R" or "VR-M". The larger 2.5 L 6A13 was more common in the rest of the world.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration crash test ratings for 2001 Galant without side airbags:[50]
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration crash test ratings for 1999–2002 Galant with side airbags:[50]
| Ninth generation | |
|---|---|
 2009-2012 Mitsubishi Galant | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Mitsubishi Grunder (Taiwan) Mitsubishi 380 (Australia and New Zealand) |
| Production | 2003–2012 |
| Model years | 2004–2012 |
| Assembly |
|
| Designer | Olivier Boulay |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Platform | Mitsubishi PS platform |
| Related | Mitsubishi Eclipse Mitsubishi Endeavor |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 2.4 L 4G69 I4 3.8 L 6G75 V6 3.8 L 6G75 V6 MIVEC |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 108.3 in (2,750 mm) |
| Length | 4,840–4,850 mm (190.4–191 in) |
| Width | 1,840 mm (72.4 in) |
| Height | 1,470–1,480 mm (57.9–58.2 in) |
| Curb weight | 1540 kg (3395 lbs) (ES/LS)[56][57] 1696 kg (3739 lbs) (Ralliart)[58] |
The United States has had the sedan-only ninth-generation PS platform model since October 15, 2003. It was announced at the 2003 New York International Auto Show in April for the 2004 model year, following the exhibition of the SSS concept sedan at the North American International Auto Show three years before.[59] The ninth-generation United States-sourced model is available for sale only in a few regional markets, namely the United States, Puerto Rico, Russia, Ukraine and Arabia. Russia began sourcing its Galants from the United States from 2006. The Arabian markets began sourcing their Galants from the United States from the 2007 model year. The Galant had also been available in Canada and Mexico until the 2010 and 2009 model years, respectively.
A size increase resulted in slightly more interior space and a weight gain of several hundred pounds. The four-cylinder engine, while still 2.4 liters in displacement, upgraded from Mitsubishi's 4G64 design to the newer 4G69 design, resulting in a horsepower increase from 140 hp (100 kW) to 160 hp (120 kW) and 157 lb⋅ft (213 N⋅m). Likewise, the V6 jumped from a 3.0-liter with 190 hp (140 kW) to a 3.8-liter with 235 hp (175 kW) and 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m). All North American Galants gained all-wheel disc brakes but lost their rear stabilizer bar.
A Ralliart version joined for 2007, finally upgrading the V6 to a class-competitive 258 hp (192 kW) and 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) while also adding a firmer suspension, front strut tower bar, rear stabilizer bar, and eighteen-inch alloy wheels. Furthermore, the Ralliart trim was the first Galant to receive Mitsubishi's updated infotainment system (MMCS) featuring a 7-inch touchscreen display with GPS navigation.[60] The Ralliart was further distinguished from other Galant trims by a unique front aero bumper, sport mesh grille, projector-style ellipsoid headlamps, two-tone bumpers and color-keyed side air dams.[60] For 2008, the trimming of models left the Ralliart as the only V6 model, and the Galant skips the 2008 model year in Canada, only to return in 2009 with the facelifted model.
Four-cylinder Galant models sold in California, Maine, Massachusetts, New York and Vermont are certified as Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicles (PZEV), with the engine rated 155 hp (116 kW).[61]
This iteration of the Mitsubishi Galant only went on sale in the Middle East region for the 2007 model year, with a 2.4-liter engine and a 3.8-liter engine, imported from the United States.[62]
Osamu Masuko, the CEO of Mitsubishi Motors, indicated that the ninth generation of the Galant would be the last to be manufactured in North America, to be replaced on the MMNA production line in Illinois by smaller vehicles which are more likely to appeal to export markets.[63]
The final Mitsubishi Galant rolled off the assembly line in the United States on August 30, 2012. The Mitsubishi Concept-ZT that was unveiled in 2007 was initially expected to become the tenth generation Galant but this never materialized.
2006 The Galant receives some cosmetic changes, such as an AC adapter, a standard MP3 jack and upgrades to the interior.
2007 In 2007, the Galant was restyled - the interior and exterior were refreshed and an updated infotainment system was introduced.
2009 In 2009, the Galant was restyled for a third time during this generation. The 2009 Galant launched in February 2008.[64]
A four-cylinder Sport Edition was added for the 2009 model year. Galant Sport models include new standard factory value packages as standard. Sportronic automatic transmission is standard in all models, with a four-speed for four-cylinder engines and a five-speed for V6 engines.
Mitsubishi also assembles and markets a Taiwan made version of the ninth-generation Galant.[65] In Taiwan, this version is known as the Mitsubishi Grunder. Taiwan was one of the first regions outside the Americas to market the ninth generation vehicle, when the Galant Grunder was launched in December 2004 with a unique front end. It has a 162 PS (119 kW) version of the 2.4-liter engine and four-speed automatic (INVECS-II), and comes in either SEi format or as the better equipped EXi model.[65]
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This facelifted model is also sold in the Philippines from 2006 to 2009 as the Galant 240M, using Mitsubishi's 2.4L 4G69 MIVEC engine with Mitsubishi's 4-speed INVECS-II automatic transmission with Sportronic.[66] It came with leather seats, remote keyless entry, eight-way power adjustment seat with variable lumbar support (driver side only), automatic climate control system, and an MP3-ready audio system. It only came in two color options; "Merlin Black" or "Excalibur Silver".[66] In 2009, Mitsubishi Philippines replaced this with the all-new "SE" trim. It featured a redesigned grill, a new 12-speaker audio system with Dolby 5.1 Surround and DTS support, GPS-based navigation system, power adjustable mirrors, reverse camera among other features.[67]
The Taiwanese-made Galant has also been sold by Soueast Motor in the People's Republic of China as the Galant since 2006. Models in China receive a 2.0-liter or 2.4-liter petrol engines, each paired with an automatic transmission.[68]
_VR-X_sedan_01.jpg)
From 2005 to 2008, a localized version called the Mitsubishi 380 was manufactured in Australia for the Australian and New Zealand markets. No four cylinder engines were offered, the 380 being available only with the 3.8-liter 6G75 V6 with 175 kW (235 hp). This replaced the long-lived Magna line, and it was the last Mitsubishi car produced in Australia.
20 limited edition TMR models (Team Mitsubishi Ralliart) were made towards the end of the car's production at the Tonsley Park factory in Adelaide, running a supercharged version of the 3.8 6G75 with 230kW and 442Nm.[69]
_rear.JPG)
With the exception of the Lancer Evolution X, the ninth generation Lancer was marketed as the Galant Fortis (Latin for strong, brave and resolute) in the Japanese domestic market.[70] It comes in three trim levels: Exceed, Super Exceed, and Ralliart.[71]
Between August 2015 to August 2017, GHK Motors (Mitsubishi Brunei) offered a version of the Lancer Sportback hatchback model under the name "Galant" in Brunei. The production of this model ceased at the end of August 2017 due to poor sales. Instead of increasing Mitsubishi's popularity, it took sales away from the Lancer.[72][73][74]
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