DeKalb County, Illinois

DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 100,420.^[1] Its county seat is Sycamore.^[2] DeKalb County is part of the Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

DeKalb County
County
DeKalb County Court House, Sycamore, Illinois
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Illinois
Illinois's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°53′N 88°46′W
Country	United States
State	Illinois
Founded	March 4, 1837
Named for	Johann de Kalb
Seat	Sycamore
Largest city	DeKalb
Area
• Total	635 sq mi (1,640 km2)
• Land	631 sq mi (1,630 km2)
• Water	3.4 sq mi (9 km2)  0.5%
Population  (2020)
• Total	100,420
• Estimate  (2023)	100,288
• Density	160/sq mi (61/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts	11th, 14th, 16th
Website	www.dekalbcounty.org

History

DeKalb County was formed on March 4, 1837,^[3] out of Kane County, Illinois. The county was named for Johann de Kalb,^[4] a German (Bavarian) hero of the American Revolutionary War. DeKalb County's area is approximately 632.7 square miles, and it is located 63 miles west of Chicago. There are 19 townships in the county; the county seat is Sycamore.

Between 1834 and 1837, after the Potawatomi people had been pushed out, European Americans formed settlements in DeKalb County along streams and wooded areas due to fertile soil, wild game, and food and water opportunities. Primary growth stemmed from the introduction of the railroad, which brought easier methods of transportation and opportunities for industrial growth. Early industries based in DeKalb County included Sandwich Mfg. Co, Marsh Harvester Co, barbed wire, and Gurler Bros Pure Milk Co.

The county is noted for agriculture. In 1852, the DeKalb Agricultural Society produced the county's first Agricultural Fair, in Sycamore. Eventually farmers, businessmen, bankers and newspapermen organized to become the DeKalb County Soil Improvement Association, which later was split into DeKalb County Farm Bureau and DeKalb Agricultural Association (DEKALB AgResearch, Inc., Monsanto). DeKalb County is credited with being the birthplace of the Farm Bureau movement. DeKalb County is the 2nd largest hog producing county in Illinois and the 66th largest in the nation.

Education has played an important role in the area: Northern Illinois University is located in DeKalb and Kishwaukee College is located in Malta. Except for 2020 (due to the COVID-19 pandemic), a major fair has been held each year since 1887 at the Sandwich Fairgrounds in Sandwich.

• 
  DeKalb County at the time of its creation in 1837

Pronunciation

Unlike similarly spelled locations, such as DeKalb County, Georgia, DeKalb denizens from Illinois pronounce the county name /dɪˈkælb/ di-KALB, with an L sound, as in German, after its namesake.

Geography

According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 635 square miles (1,640 km²), of which 631 square miles (1,630 km²) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km²) (0.5%) is water.^[5]

Climate and weather

Sycamore, Illinois
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.5     27 10     1.4     32 16     2.5     44 26     3.5     58 37     4.2     70 48     4.5     80 58     4.2     84 63     4.5     81 61     3.5     74 51     2.6     62 40     2.8     45 28     2.1     32 17 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: The Weather Channel[6]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     39     −3 −12     36     0 −9     62     7 −3     89     14 3     107     21 9     114     27 14     107     29 17     114     27 16     89     23 11     66     17 4     72     7 −2     54     0 −8 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Sycamore have ranged from a low of 10 °F (−12 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 103 °F (39 °C) was recorded in August 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.40 inches (36 mm) in February to 4.49 inches (114 mm) in June.^[6]

Adjacent counties

• Boone County - north
• McHenry County - northeast
• Kane County - east
• Kendall County - southeast
• LaSalle County - south
• Lee County - west
• Ogle County - west
• Winnebago County - northwest

Major highways

• Interstate 88
• US Route 30
• US Route 34
• Illinois Route 23
• Illinois Route 38
• Illinois Route 64
• Illinois Route 72
• Illinois Route 110

Transit

• DeKalb Public Transit

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1840	1,697		—
1850	7,540		344.3%
1860	19,086		153.1%
1870	23,265		21.9%
1880	26,768		15.1%
1890	27,066		1.1%
1900	31,756		17.3%
1910	33,457		5.4%
1920	31,339		−6.3%
1930	32,644		4.2%
1940	34,388		5.3%
1950	40,781		18.6%
1960	51,714		26.8%
1970	71,654		38.6%
1980	74,624		4.1%
1990	77,932		4.4%
2000	88,969		14.2%
2010	105,160		18.2%
2020	100,420		−4.5%
2023 (est.)	100,288	[7]	−0.1%
US Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010-2013[1]

2000 census age pyramid for DeKalb County with a marked spike in college-aged individuals due to Northern Illinois University

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 105,160 people, 38,484 households, and 23,781 families residing in the county.^[12] The population density was 166.6 inhabitants per square mile (64.3/km²). There were 41,079 housing units at an average density of 65.1 per square mile (25.1/km²).^[5] The racial makeup of the county was 85.1% white, 6.4% black or African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 3.9% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 10.1% of the population.^[12] In terms of ancestry, 32.6% were German, 17.5% were Irish, 8.7% were English, 7.0% were Polish, 6.4% were Italian, 6.3% were Swedish, and 4.7% were Norwegian.^[13]

Of the 38,484 households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.2% were non-families, and 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age was 29.3 years.^[12]

The median income for a household in the county was $54,002 and the median income for a family was $70,713. Males had a median income of $50,192 versus $35,246 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,179. About 7.7% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.^[14]

Communities

Cities

• DeKalb
• Genoa
• Sandwich (mostly)
• Sycamore

Town

• Cortland

Villages

• Hinckley
• Kingston
• Kirkland
• Lee (part)
• Malta
• Maple Park (part)
• Shabbona
• Somonauk (mostly)
• Waterman

Unincorporated communities

• Afton Center
• Charter Grove
• Clare
• Colvin Park
• East Paw Paw
• Elva
• Esmond
• Fairdale
• Five Points
• Franks
• McGirr
• New Lebanon
• Rollo
• Shabbona Grove
• Wilkinson

Townships

• Afton
• Clinton
• Cortland
• DeKalb
• Franklin
• Genoa
• Kingston
• Malta
• Mayfield
• Milan
• Paw Paw
• Pierce
• Sandwich
• Shabbona
• Somonauk
• South Grove
• Squaw Grove
• Sycamore
• Victor

Politics

United States presidential election results for DeKalb County, Illinois^[15]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	21,905	45.65%	24,643	51.35%	1,441	3.00%
2016	19,091	43.79%	20,466	46.94%	4,043	9.27%
2012	18,934	45.91%	21,207	51.42%	1,100	2.67%
2008	18,266	40.61%	25,784	57.33%	924	2.05%
2004	21,095	51.74%	19,263	47.25%	410	1.01%
2000	17,139	51.57%	14,798	44.53%	1,296	3.90%
1996	12,380	43.40%	12,715	44.57%	3,432	12.03%
1992	12,655	36.97%	13,744	40.15%	7,833	22.88%
1988	17,182	58.86%	11,811	40.46%	197	0.67%
1984	20,294	64.50%	10,942	34.78%	229	0.73%
1980	16,370	53.91%	8,913	29.35%	5,082	16.74%
1976	18,193	59.21%	11,535	37.54%	1,000	3.25%
1972	18,910	60.25%	12,375	39.43%	99	0.32%
1968	14,535	63.20%	6,974	30.32%	1,490	6.48%
1964	11,791	53.48%	10,257	46.52%	1	0.00%
1960	15,586	69.62%	6,783	30.30%	19	0.08%
1956	15,078	75.66%	4,826	24.22%	25	0.13%
1952	14,807	74.23%	5,110	25.62%	30	0.15%
1948	11,380	68.69%	5,082	30.68%	105	0.63%
1944	12,157	66.76%	6,004	32.97%	49	0.27%
1940	12,577	63.95%	6,989	35.53%	102	0.52%
1936	9,826	53.77%	7,899	43.22%	550	3.01%
1932	9,356	56.38%	6,923	41.72%	315	1.90%
1928	11,501	74.19%	3,940	25.41%	62	0.40%
1924	10,500	76.40%	1,540	11.20%	1,704	12.40%
1920	10,374	83.93%	1,700	13.75%	287	2.32%
1916	9,764	71.29%	3,386	24.72%	547	3.99%
1912	1,776	24.28%	1,568	21.44%	3,970	54.28%
1908	5,866	72.50%	1,732	21.41%	493	6.09%
1904	5,957	77.43%	1,137	14.78%	599	7.79%
1900	5,923	73.03%	1,881	23.19%	306	3.77%
1896	5,598	72.38%	1,881	24.32%	255	3.30%
1892	3,789	60.72%	1,926	30.87%	525	8.41%

As part of Northern Illinois, DeKalb County was a stronghold for the Free Soil Party in its early elections – being among nine Illinois counties to support Martin Van Buren in 1848 – and became overwhelmingly Republican for the century following that party's formation. The only time it did not back the official GOP nominee between 1856 and 1988 was in 1912 when the Republican Party was mortally divided and Progressive Theodore Roosevelt won almost half the county's vote.

During this time, it rejected Democrats even in statewide and national landslides. In 1936, Republican nominee Alf Landon won DeKalb County by double digits while losing 46 of 48 states. Landon held Franklin D. Roosevelt to only 43 percent of DeKalb County's vote, the most he would garner in the county during his four runs for president. Even Barry Goldwater – renowned for his antagonism towards the establishment – won by seven percent in 1964, despite losing sixteen percent of the vote compared to Richard Nixon in 1960.

In 1992, with the third-party entrance of Ross Perot siphoning votes from Republican George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton became the first Democrat to carry the county in 140 years. Clinton would narrowly win the county again in 1996, carrying the county by 335 votes over Republican nominee Bob Dole. Since then, DeKalb County has become more of a swing county in national elections, owing to the growth of the largely Democratic student population in DeKalb. However, it has bucked the Democratic trend seen in most counties dominated by college towns. Republicans still hold most county-level elected offices, and all municipalities outside of the city of DeKalb are still powerfully Republican. Even still, 2004 marked the last time a Republican presidential candidate carried the county.

In 2008, an Illinois son, Barack Obama, became the first Democrat to win DeKalb County with a majority since Van Buren in the county's first-ever presidential election, in 1840. Obama repeated this in 2012, but gains for third-party candidates caused both major-party candidates to underperform in 2016, though the county was still won by Democrat Hillary Clinton. 2016 marked the first time the county had voted Democratic in three consecutive presidential elections since the establishment of the Republican Party. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat who was not an Illinois native to win a majority of the vote in DeKalb since 1840 — Biden had served eight years as Obama's Vice President.

Education

Tertiary

Northern Illinois University is in the county.

K-12

The following school districts have territory in the county, no matter how slight, even if their schools and/or administrative headquarters are in other counties:^[16]

K-12:

• Belvidere Consolidated Unit School District 100
• Central Community Unit School District 301
• Community Unit School District 300
• DeKalb Community Unit School District 428
• Earlville Community Unit School District 9
• Genoa-Kingston Community Unit School District 424
• Hinckley-Big Rock Community Unit School District 429
• Hiawatha Community Unit School District 426
• Indian Creek Community Unit District 425
• Kaneland Community Unit School District 302
• Lee Center Community Unit School District 271
• Leland Community Unit School District 1
• Sandwich Community Unit School District 430
• Somonauk Community Unit School District 432
• Sycamore Community Unit School District 427

Secondary:

• Rochelle Township High School District 212

Elementary:

• Creston Community Consolidated School District 161
• Eswood Community Consolidated District 269
• Steward Elementary School District 220

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in DeKalb County, Illinois

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. Illinois Regional Archives Depository System. "Name Index to Illinois Local Governments". Illinois State Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
4. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 103.
5. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
6. "Monthly Averages for Sycamore IL". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
7. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
8. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
10. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
12. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
13. "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
14. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
15. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
16. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: DeKalb County, IL" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022. - Text list

References

• Forstall, Richard L., ed. (1996). Population of states and counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 : from the twenty-one decennial censuses. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division. ISBN 0-934213-48-8.
• US Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
• U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: DeKalb County, Illinois
• US National Atlas

Further reading

• Eric W. Mogren. Native Soil: A History of the DeKalb County Farm Bureau (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2005), 288 pp.

External links

• Official website
• History pages for DeKalb County towns and cities^{[dead link]}
• DeKalb County Youth Service Bureau
• Taming the Wild Prairie: A History of DeKalb County, Illinois, 1837-1900, Illinois Historical Digitization Projects at Northern Illinois University Libraries
• DeKalb County Online Newspaper

41°53′37″N 88°46′13″W