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Cytosolic DNA sensor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, cGAMP synthase), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates a type-I interferon response. It is part of the cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway. It binds to microbial DNA as well as self DNA that invades the cytoplasm, and catalyzes cGAMP synthesis.[1] cGAMP then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production.[2][3][4] Mice lacking cGAS are more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses and RNA viruses.[5][6] In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV.[7][8] The human gene encoding cGAS is MB21D1 on chromosome 6.
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