Common symbiosis signaling pathway
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The common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) is a signaling cascade in plants that allows them to interact with symbiotic microbes. It corresponds to an ancestral pathway that plants use to interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). It is known as "common" because different evolutionary younger symbioses also use this pathway, notably the root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria. The pathway is activated by both Nod-factor perception (for nodule forming rhizobia), as well as by Myc-factor perception that are released from AMF. The pathway is distinguished from the pathogen recognition pathways, but may have some common receptors involved in both pathogen recognition as well as CSSP. A recent work [1] by Kevin Cope and colleagues showed that ectomycorrhizae (a different type of mycorrhizae) also uses CSSP components such as Myc-factor recognition.
The AMF colonization requires the following chain[2] of events that can be roughly divided into the following steps:
1: Pre-Contact Signaling
2: The CSSP
2: A: Perception
2: B: Transmission
2: C: Transcription
3: The Accommodation program