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New Testament manuscript From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Codex Monacensis, designated by X or 033 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), A3 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels written on parchment. The manuscript contains commentary from several church fathers. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 9th or 10th century.[1][2] The manuscript has several gaps, and has been rebound at least once.[1][2]
New Testament manuscript | |
Name | Monacensis |
---|---|
Sign | X |
Text | Gospels |
Date | 9th/10th century |
Script | Greek |
Now at | Munich University Library |
Size | 37.5 cm by 25.5 cm |
Type | Byzantine text-type |
Category | V |
It is a witness to the passage of John 7:53-8:11 being omitted.[3]
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing the text of the four Gospels written on 160 thick parchment leaves (37.5 cm by 25.5 cm) in brown ink.[3] It has survived in a fragmentary condition, with several leaves from the Gospels of Matthew and Mark missing.[4][2] The text was written in two columns, 45 lines per page,[1] in small, upright uncial letters, by a "very elegant" hand,[4] with breathing marks, accents and some compressed letters.[3] The codex contains the four Gospels in the order of: John, Luke, Mark and Matthew, though the original order was Matthew, John, Luke and Mark, named the "Western Order".[5][3][4] According to Biblical scholar Caspar René Gregory, "der Buchbinder hat alles in Unordnung gebracht" (the bookbinder has messed everything up).[2]
The text of the Gospels contains a patristic commentary (except for Mark) written in minuscule letters.[2][5] The commentary in Matthew and John is from the writings of John Chrysostom, and for some of Luke it is from Pseudo-Titus of Bostra.[3][4] Though most of the commentary in Luke is between the verses, on the reverse side of folio 71 and both sides of folio 72, the commentary (from Origen and other early writers) has been written around the text in a later hand to the original.[6]
There are no divisions such as titles (known as τίτλοι / titloi), and the Ammonian sections and Eusebian Canons (both early systems of dividing the Gospels into sections) are absent.[4] The texts of Matthew 16:2b–3 and John 7:53-8:11 are omitted,[2][3] though the Gospel of Mark has the longer ending.
The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the Byzantine text-type, with occasional readings deemed to be from the Alexandrian text-type. Textual critic Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript classification system.[1] Category V manuscripts are described as "manuscripts with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text."[1]: 336
The codex was examined by philologist and historian Josef Dobrovský, who collated some of its readings for textual critic Johann Jakob Griesbach.[9][4] Biblical scholar Johann M. A. Scholz collated it again, however the collation was considered poor.[9][4] Biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf collated its text again in 1844, and again by biblical scholar Samuel Prideaux Tregelles in 1846.[9] Burgon examined the manuscript in 1872.[2][4]
The codex was held in Innsbruck in 1757. It has been in Rome, Ingolstadt (as a present from Gerard Vossius (1577–1649)), and in 1827 it arrived in Munich.[2][4] The manuscript is currently located in the Munich University Library (fol. 30), in Munich, Germany.[1][5][10]