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A cobweb plot, known also as Lémeray Diagram or Verhulst diagram is a visual tool used in the dynamical systems field of mathematics to investigate the qualitative behaviour of one-dimensional iterated functions, such as the logistic map. The technique was introduced in the 1890s by E.-M. Lémeray.[1] Using a cobweb plot, it is possible to infer the long term status of an initial condition under repeated application of a map.[2]
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For a given iterated function , the plot consists of a diagonal () line and a curve representing . To plot the behaviour of a value , apply the following steps.
On the Lémeray diagram, a stable fixed point corresponds to the segment of the staircase with progressively decreasing stair lengths or to an inward spiral, while an unstable fixed point is the segment of the staircase with growing stairs or an outward spiral. It follows from the definition of a fixed point that the staircases converge whereas spirals center at a point where the diagonal y=x line crosses the function graph. A period 2 orbit is represented by a rectangle, while greater period cycles produce further, more complex closed loops. A chaotic orbit would show a 'filled out' area, indicating an infinite number of non-repeating values.[2]
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