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Species of gastropod From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clappia umbilicata, the umbilicate pebblesnail, was a species of small freshwater snail that had an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.[6] This species is now extinct.[1][2]
Umbilicate pebblesnail | |
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Drawing of apertural view of the shell and operculum of Clappia umbilicata | |
Drawing of apertural view of the shell of Clappia umbilicata from its type description by Bryant Walker | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Order: | Neotaenioglossa |
Family: | Lithoglyphidae |
Genus: | Clappia |
Species: | †C. umbilicata |
Binomial name | |
†Clappia umbilicata | |
Synonyms[1][4] | |
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This species was endemic to the State of Alabama in the United States.[1] The type locality is the Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama.[3]
The distribution of this species used to include: Coosa River at Duncan's Ripple, The Bar and Higgin's Ferry in Chilton County; and Butting Ram Shoals in Coosa County, Alabama.[5][7]
This species was discovered and described under the name Somatogyrus umbilicatus by the American malacologist Bryant Walker in 1904.[3] Walker's type description reads as follows:
Somatogyrus umbilicatus n. sp. Pl. v, fig. 5.
Shell small, globosely depressed, umbilicate, light greenish-yellow, smooth, except for the fine, rather unequal, lines of growth. Spire short, obtusely elevated. Whorls 3½ those of the spire convex and separated by a well-impressed suture; body whorl large, gibbously convex. Aperture sub-circular, rather longer than broad, obtusely angled above and slightly flattened along the basal margin. Columella concave, narrowly reflected; columellar callus, moderately heavy, rounded, reflected over but not concealing the round, deep umbilicus, thin and transparent on the parietal wall. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm.
Coosa river at Wetumpka, Ala. (type locality), also at Fort Williams Shoals above Farmer, Ala.
This species is remarkable for its depressed, valvata-like form and round, deep umbilicus, which readily differentiates it from all other known species of the genus. It does not appear to be very abundant at Wetumpka, and only a single example was collected at Fort Williams Shoals.
The color of Clappia umbilicata was black.[5] This presumably means that the whole animal including snout, nape, mantle and foot were black.[6] The black color of the mantle was verified by Thompson (1984).[6]
Clappia umbilicata has 56-59 rows of teeth on its radula.[6] Each row has 6-7 central basocones, 6-7 central ectocones, 18-21 lateral teeth, ca. 50 inner marginal teeth and ca. 35 outer marginal teeth.[6]
The natural habitat of this species was rivers.[1] Clappia umbilicata inhabited only the rapidly flowing sections of river shoals.[6] The snail died out because of silting of its habitat after the dam was constructed in 1928.[1] (Also see Jordan Dam and Jordan Lake).
Based on examination of the radula, Thompson (1984)[6] hypothesized that Clappia umbilicata grazed on fine particles of plants, specializing on finer-sized particles than those consumed by snails in the genus Somatogyrus.[6]
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